Research progress on the brain development of children with autism spectrum disorders

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0484

Abstract

Abstract: Researches on the structure,neural pathways and neuronal excitability of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have progressed rapidly in recent years. Studies indicated that abnormalities of brain development in ASD children can be found in early childhood by imaging and elctroencephalogram(EEG) examination,such as abnormalities in the corpus callosum and confusions in the nerve pathways of the white matter.On the other hand,the excitability abnormalities of some neurons is related to the behavioral changes of ASD,and the abnormalities were related to some receptor activities and some signaling pathways. These findings are helpful to explain the pathogenesis mechanism and behavioral manifestation of ASD,and related biological changes could also help to diagnose ASD and provide a breakthrough point for the treatment of ASD.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder, brain development, children, early diagnosis

摘要： 近年来关于孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)脑的结构、神经通路和神经元兴奋性方面的研究进展很快,研究发现在儿童早期即可通过影像学和脑电图检查发现ASD患者脑发育的异常,如胼胝体结构的异常,白质神经通路的混乱等改变。此外,发现部分神经元的兴奋性异常与ASD行为学改变有关,其兴奋性与某种受体活性和某种信号传导通路有关,这有助于解释ASD患者发病机制、行为学表现等,同时,相关生物学改变也有助于协助ASD的诊断并成为ASD治疗干预的切入点。

关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍, 脑发育, 儿童, 早期诊断

CLC Number:

R749.94

LIU Jia-ning, CHEN Yan-hui. Research progress on the brain development of children with autism spectrum disorders[J]. journal1, 2019, 27(1): 51-55.

刘嘉宁综述, 陈燕惠审校. 孤独症谱系障碍儿童脑发育的研究进展[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2019, 27(1): 51-55.

References

[1] 戴琼,徐海青,汪鸿,等. 2000－2016年中国儿童孤独症谱系障碍患病率Meta分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2017,25(12):1243-1246.
[2] 冼丹霞,金宇,谢笑英,等. 儿童孤独症发病危险因素的病例对照研究[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志,2014,22(1):24-27.
[3] 马居飞,匡桂芳,衡中玉,等. 孤独症谱系障碍病因影响因素分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2015,23(6):647-650.
[4] Estes A,Zwaigenbaum L,Gu HB,et al. Behavioral,cognitive,and adaptive development in infants with autism spectrum disorder in the first 2 years of life[J].J Neurodev Disord,2015,7:24.
[5] McDonald NM,Varcin KJ,Bhatt R,et al. Early autism symptoms in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex[J].Autism Res,2017,10(12):1981-1990.
[6] Gammera I,Bedfordb R,Elsabbaghc M,et al. Behavioural markers for autism in infancy:Scores on the autism observational scale for infants in a prospective study of at risk siblings[J].Infant Behav Dev,2015,38(2):107-115.
[7] Wolff JJ,Swanson MR,Elison JT,et al. Neural circuitry at age 6 months associated with later repetitive behavior and sensory responsiveness in autism[J].Mol Autism,2017,8:8.
[8] Green SA,Hernandez L,Bookheimer SY,et al. Salience network connectivity in autism is related to brain and behavioral markers of sensory over-responsivity[J].J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2016,55(7):618-626.
[9] Brumback AC,Ellwood IT,Kjaerby C,et al. Identifying specific prefrontal neurons that contribute to autism associated abnormalities in physiology and social behavior[J].Mol Psychiatry,2017,7:1-12.
[10] Wolff JJ,Gerig G,Lewis JD,et al. Altered corpus callosum morphology associated with autism over the first 2 years of life[J].Brain,2015,138(5):2046-2058.
[11] 常琛,仇娜娜,肖婷,等.孤独症谱系障碍患儿胼胝体纤维结构的2年随访[J].中华儿科杂志,2017,55(12):920-925.
[12] Menon V,Uddin LQ. Saliency,switching,attention and control:a network model of insula function[J].Brain Struct Funct,2010,214(5):655-667.
[13] Sherman SM. Thalamus plays a central role in ongoing cortical functioning[J].Nat Neurosci,2016,19(4):533-541.
[14] Green SA,Hernandez L,Bookheimer SY,et al. Reduced modulation of thalamocortical connectivity during exposure to sensory stimuli in ASD[J].Autism Res,2017,10(5):801-809.
[15] Zeng K,Kang JN,Ouyang GX,et al. Disrupted brain network in children with autism spectrum disorder[J]. Sci Rep,2017,7:16253.
[16] Bullmore E,Sporns O. The economy of brain network organization[J].Nat Rev Neurosci,2012,13(5):336-349.
[17] Robinson SE,Sohal VS. Dopamine D2 receptors modulate pyramidal neurons in mouse medial prefrontal cortex through a stimulatory G protein pathway[J].J Neurosci,2017,37:10063-10073.
[18] Landa R,Mayer EG.Development in infants with autism spectrum disorders:a prospective study[J].J Child Psychol Psychiatry,2006,47(6):629-638.
[19] Parihar R,Ganesh S. Autism genes:the continuum that connects us all[J].J Genet,2016,95(3):481-483.
[20] Zou Y,Zhang WF,Liu HY,et al. Structure and function of the contactin-associated protein family in myelinated axons and their relationship with nerve diseases[J].Neural Regen Res,2017,12(9):1551-1558.
[21] Brown ALH,Losh M,Martin GE,et al. An investigation of narrative ability in boys with autism and fragile X syndrome[J].Am J Intellect Dev Disabil,2013,118(2):77-94.
[22] Goldson E. Advances in Autism-2016[J].Adv Pediatr,2016,63(1):333-355.
[23] Volkmar FR,McPartland JC. From kanner to DSM-5:autism as an evolving diagnostic concept[J].Annu Rev Clin Psychol,2014,10:193-212.