Abstract: Objective To analyze the characteristics of sensory abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), so as to provide reference for early diagnosis and scientific intervention of ASD children. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and 234 ASD children who took rehabilitation training in Nantong rehabilitation institutions were enrolled in this study from August 2021 to February 2022. Simplified Sensory Profile (SSP) was used to investigate children's sensory characteristics. Results Among 234 ASD children, 128(54.7%) had abnormal total scores of sensory characteristics, including 58 (24.8%) with possible abnormalities and 70 (29.9%) with obvious abnormalities. Among the seven dimensions, the abnormal rate of auditory filtering was the highest (82.1%), followed by low strength/weakness, movement sensitivity, taste/smell sensitivity, low response/sensation seeking, vision/hearing sensitivity and touch sensitivity. The total prevalence rate of paresthesia was 91.0%. There was no significant difference in the score of SSP scale among ASD children at different gender and age groups (t=1.200, 1.124, P>0.05). The detection rate of sensory abnormalities in boys was 56.8%, which was significantly higher than that in girls (47.1%) (χ²=6.882, P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in the distribution of sensory abnormalities among children at different age groups (χ²=0.454, P>0.05). Conclusion Sensory processing abnormalities are common in ASD children, and more obvious in male children.

Key words: children, autism spectrum disorder, sensory processing abnormalities

摘要： 目的 分析孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童感觉异常特征,为ASD儿童早期诊断、科学干预提供参考依据。方法 采用横断面调查,于2021年8月—2022年2月收集南通市康复机构训练的234名ASD儿童作为受试对象,采用简化版感觉特征问卷(SSP)进行调查。结果 234名ASD儿童中有感觉特征总分异常的儿童有128名,异常率54.7%。其中可能异常58名(24.8%),明显异常70名(29.9%),7个维度中听觉过滤异常率最高,达到82.1%;其次依次为力量低下/虚弱、运动敏感、味觉/嗅觉敏感、低反应/寻求感觉、视觉/听觉敏感、触觉敏感,感觉异常总发生率为91.0%。不同性别、年龄ASD儿童SSP量表得分比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.200、1.124,P>0.05);男童感觉异常率为56.8%,高于女童(47.1%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.882,P<0.05);不同年龄组患儿感觉异常特征分布差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.454,P>0.05)。结论 感觉加工异常在ASD儿童中普遍存在,且在男性患儿中表现更明显。

关键词: 儿童, 孤独症谱系障碍, 感觉加工异常