Table of Content

10 September 2015, Volume 23 Issue 9

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original articles

Study on temperament characteristics of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder

XING Yi-pei,ZOU Xiao-bing,DENG Hong-zhu,TANG Chun,CHEN Kai-yun

2015, 23(9):  900-902.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-02

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Objective To study the temperament characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) toddlers and provide some references for early detection and intervention. Method The temperament of ASD toddlers was studied and compared with the temperament norm of normal toddlers. Results ASD toddlers' temperament was given priority to with E,I-E,but the proportion decreased significantly.ASD toddlers' temperament dimensions were significantly differed from normal children's (P<0.01),except rhythmicity.The gender difference of temperament dimensions of ASD toddlers was not statistically different (P>0.05),but responsion intense,distract and threshold dimensions were positively relevant with age(P<0.05). Conclusion ASD toddlers' temperament obviously differed from normal toddlers',which contributes the earlier detection of ASD.

Relationship between behavioral characteristics and parental mood disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder

ZHANG Lin-na,LI Yan,JIANG Ling-xiao,LIU Wen-wen,JIANG Wen-qing,YANG Cao-hua,DU Ya-song

2015, 23(9):  903-906.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-03

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Objectives To investigate the symptom,behavior characteristics and parental mood disorders of the children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method Totally 593 ASD children were tested by Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ),and parental mood disorders were evaluated with Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Results Compared to lower age group,the higher age group showed more difficult in mood subscale,hyperactivity subscale and total points(F=4.361,P=0.013;F=16.029,P=0.000;F=9.638,P=0.013),and the higher group presented better in prosocial behavior dimension (F=11.052,P=0.000);Compared to fathers,mothers were apt to suffer from mood disorders in both depression or anxiety disorders (χ²=15.893,P=0.000;χ²=27.592,P=0.000);Parental depression and anxiety were related with various behavior performance,and were directly affected by the severity of the symptoms of their ASD children. Conclusions Children with ASD behave different with age,reflected in mood,hyperactivity and prosocial behavior dimensions;Mothers are more easily afflicted with mood disorders than fathers,and parental emotional disorders are positive correlated with the severity of symptoms in various behavior problems,which is worthy of attention.

Study on the feeding and nutrition status of temporal residents aged 0～6 years old in Shanghai in 2006 and 2009

ZHANG Jing,WEI Mei,YAO Guo-ying

2015, 23(9):  907-909.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-04

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Objective To investigate the feeding and nutrition status and to analyze the requirements of the children's health care service for the temporal residents. Methods A disproportionate stratified randomized cluster sampling method was used to investigate the nutrition and growth status in temporal children.United inquiry card and questionnaire were used for data collection and t-test for statistics analysis. Results The dietary problems in the temporal children were relatively severe than the permanent ones as 30.2%,but declined than 2006 as 35.8%(P<0.01).And their taking supplement food as egg,fish with shrimp,bean products and fruit were also better than 3 years ago,which differented from 39.90% to 45.51%,7.63% to 16.39%,5.85% to 12.33%,58.07% to 65.01% respectively(P<0.05).The health status of the temporal children were also quite improved but still not as good as the permanent ones,the ratio of underweight and stunting were 3.8% vs 2.0%,3.3% vs 1.8%(P<0.05). Conclusion The temporal children' health status will be improved when they have been afforded effective educations and accessible health care service utilizations from the medical service department.

Influence on toddler's emotional and social competence development of pertinent parenting education for parents

HE Shou-sen,ZHANG Yan,AN Xiang-mei,ZHOU Ya-ping,WANG Jing,NI Chen-xi,LI Yan,TANG Jing-hai

2015, 23(9):  910-912.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-05

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Objective To probe into the influence on toddler's emotional and social competence development of pertinent parenting education on parents of toddler. Methods The 63 infants of experimental group and 62 infants of controlled group were random sampled respectively from two similar communities in Jinan,and all carried out routine health care administer.Additionally the assessment of infant temperament scale,0~1 years old child nurture environment scale and the serried pertinent parenting education were performed for experimental group.By the 18 months,assessments of demographic questionnaire,1~3 years old child nurture environment scale,1~3 years old toddler temperament scale,infant and toddler social-emotional Assessment were carried out. Results The pertinent healthy education on parents could prevent child externalizing,internalizing and dysregulation behavior problems and had some promotion on children's competence. Conclusion It is an effective measure for promote children's emotional and social competence development through the pertinent healthy education on parents to direct them improving child nurture environment.

Analysis report of the application of tandem mass spectrometry in 95 children with autism spectrum disorder

DONG Ping,LU Wei,XU Qiong,XU Xiu

2015, 23(9):  913-915.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-06

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Objective To study the application of tandem mass spectrometry (MS /MS) in the screening of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD),to understand the positive rate of IEM and the relationship between ASD and IEM. Methods MS/MS was used to examine 95 blood samples from children diagnosed as ASD with DSM-Ⅳ from Department of Children's Health Care of our hospital from November 2010 to December 2013. Result Only 1 case (1.95%) was diagnosed as with phenylketonuria,1 cases (1.95%) was suspected of suffering from glutaric aciduria type II,other children (96.1%) did not have IEM which was referred to in this study. Conclusions The study supports the relationship between late diagnosed phenylketonuria and ASD,phenylketonuria may be one of the most common IEM associated with autism;There might be certain associations between glutaric aciduria type II and ASD.In children with high risk of IEM,especially those who do not undergo neonatal screening,screening of IEM timely will be of great significance for the overall diagnosis and treatment of ASD.

Characteristics and correlation of parenting stress and family function about autism spectrum disorder family

LV Tao,YANG Cao-hua,DU Ya-song,LIU Wen-wen,ZHANG Lin-na,JIANG Ling-xiao,LI Cai-xia,HAO Li-li,LI Meng-yao,ZHOU Hui-ming,CHENG Yong-chen,WEN Zhu,LI Gai-zhi

2015, 23(9):  916-919.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-07

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Objective To explore the correlation between parental stress and family function of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children. Method Parents of 307 ASD children completed general demographic questionnaire,Parenting Stress Index (PSI),Family Assessment Device (FAD). Results 1)The differences of PSI scores of acceptability,demandingness,role restriction were statistically significant (P<0.05) between parents of male and female ASD children;PSI scores of distractibility/hyperactivity,adaptability,mood,acceptability,demandingness,attachment and the total stress score were significantly different between parents of preschool and school-age ASD children (P<0.05),PSI scores of multiple dimension were significantly different between low-income families and the higher income group (P<0.05);2)The problem solving ability of families of preschool ASD children was stronger than that of school-age ASD children (P<0.05);The family functions of higher income group in problem solving,roles,affective responsiveness behavior control and the general functioning as evaluated by FAD scale were significantly better than the lower income group (P<0.05);3)The parental pressure was negatively correlated with parental years of education and household income,but positively correlated with the age of patients and all the subscales of FAD.The parental pressure was mainly affected by mother's years of education,the behavior control and the general functioning of FAD. Conclusions Family is under certain pressure in the upbringing of children with ASD,the pressure is even larger with male ASD children,meanwhile,the parental pressure and family function are effected by family income; The worse family function is,the bigger parents pressure will be.

Analysis of 3~12 years old children growing development Z-score from 9 areas of China

ZHAO Wen-zhi,ZHAO Ai,MA De-fu,ZHENG Ying-dong,XUE Yong,LI Jun-ping,ZHANG Yu-mei,WANG Pei-yu

2015, 23(9):  920-923.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-08

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Objective To investigate and analyze the growing development and nutritional status of children aged 3～12 years from 9 areas of China,and to provide evidences for health care and nutrition management of children. Methods Physique growth investigation ( ie.body height and weight) and questionnaire were carried out in 1 722 children from 9 areas ( 7 cities and 2 countrysides),and related Z-scores were computed to assess growing development and nutritional status of investigated children. Results The mean height,mean weight and obesity rate of investigated children from 9 areas were higher (or larger),and the low weight rate,growth stunt rate and waste rate were lower.The proportions of children whose weight for age Z-score (WAZ),height for age Z-score (HAZ) and BMI for age Z-score (BAZ) reached medium level or better were 89.04%,89.19% and 83.22%,respectively.There were significant differences in the waste rate and overweight rate between children in city and in countryside. Conclusions The nutrition status of children from 9 areas is good,while low body weight,overweight and obesity are continuing.More attention should be paied to health care and nutrition management of children.

Research on the relationship among migrant children's social support,core self-evaluations and behavior adaptation

ZHANG Xiang,DU Jian-zheng

2015, 23(9):  924-926.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-09

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Objective To explore the relationship among migrant children's social support,core self-evaluations and behavior adaptation and the moderator effects of core self-evaluations played,to provide the basis for improving the level of behavior adaptation. Method A total of 798 migrant children from Guangzhou and Guiyang cities completed measures of Social Support Rating Scale,Core-self Evaluations Scale,Learning Adaptation Questionnaire and Problem Behavior Questionnaire. Results There were positive correlations among migrant children's social support,core self-evaluations with learning adaptation (r=0.22~0.55,P<0.01) and negative correlations with problem behavior (r=-0.13~-0.41,P<0.01).Social support had significant influence on the migrant children's behavior adaptation.Core self-evaluations moderated the relationship between migrant children's social support and learning adaptation. Conclusion The effects of social support on migrant children's learning adaptation are different with the level changes of core self-evaluations.

Relationship between childhood abuse and aggressivity among undergraduate students

CHEN Chen,GUO Li-yan,WANG Bing

2015, 23(9):  927-930.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-10

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Objective To explore the relationship among child abuse,aggressivity and resilience. Methods Cluster sampling was applied in this study while 809 college students were chosen from the university of Liaoning Province as subjects.Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 item Short Form (CTQ-SF),Adolescent Resilience Scale and Aggressivity Questionnaire were applied in this investigation.The statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 17.0 and AMOS 17.0.The reliability of the scales was tested with Cronbach's α.And the relationship among child abuse,resilience and aggressivity was tested using the structure equation model. Results 1)In the investigation,31.27% of the college students had been maltreated in their childhood.The score of abused group was significantly lower on the resilience (P＜0.01),and significantly higher on aggressivity (P＜0.001) than non-abused group.2) Child abuse and aggressivity had a significant positive correlation (P＜0.01);Resilience and aggressivity showed a significant negative correlation (P＜0.01);Child abuse can predict aggressivity forward,backward predictive resilience.3) Resilience played a partly mediating role in the child abuse and aggressivity.22.33% of the total effect of the mediating effect. Conclusion Child abuse can predict the aggressivity of college students directly,but also an indirect predictor through the resilience to its aggressivity.

Research on the social identity of rural left-behind children and its influence on health risk behavior

LIU Xian-hua,YAN Liang-shi,HU Yi-qiu

2015, 23(9):  931-933.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-11

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Objective To explore the social identity of rural left-behind children and its relationship with health risk behavior. Method A total of 178 rural left-behind children and 132 rural non-left-behind children were surveyed by the Fourth Version of Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (AIQ-Ⅳ) and the Adolescent Health Related Risky Behavior Inventory (AHRBI). Results 1) The rural left-behind children reported significantly more scores in personal identity (F=8.669,P<0.01) and less scores in group identity (F=88.403,P<0.01),compared to rural non-left-behind children.2) Social identity of rural left-behind children could predict 10% variance of their health risk behavior.The structural equation modeling fitting analysis was brought out:RMR=0.034,GFI=0.909,IFI=0.913,PGFI=0.525. Conclusion The rural left-behind children have high level of personal identity and low level of group identity,and the social identity is an important influencing factor of their health risk behavior.

Psychometric analysis of the"China Developmental Scale for Children"(aged 4~6 years old)

LI Rui-li,JIN Chun-hua,ZHANG Li-li,ZHANG Yue,LI Na,WANG Xiao-yan,WANG Jian-hong,GAO Hai-tao,WANG He-ru,SONG Wen-hong,XIAO Feng,XU Qi,CHEN Bo-wen

2015, 23(9):  934-936.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-12

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Objective To test the reliability and validity of "China Developmental Scale for Children (CDSC)" aged from 4~6 years. Methods According the level of area,gender and the education of the major caregiver sampled 916 children(490 boys and 426 girls) were in Beijing to test the reliability and the validity of the CDSC including test-retest reliability,internal consistency coefficient,construct validity and criterion-related validity. Results 1)Test-retest reliability:the test-retest coefficients of developmental quotient (DQ) was 0.90,that of five dimensions (gross motor,fine motor,language,adaptive and social behavior) were 0.78,0.84,0.89,0.89,0.94 respectively; 2)Internal consistency coefficient:The Cranach's α of DQ ranged from 0.86 to 0.91,that of the five subsets ranged from 0.71 to 0.87,0.63 to 0.83,0.63 to 0.78,0.48 to 0.78 and 0.47 to 0.73 respectively.3)Construct validity:The factors loading of each item were all above 0.3.4)Criterion-related validity:The Pearson factor of Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Revised (WPPSI-R) was 0.78. Conclusion The CDSC (4~6 years old) has well succeed the CDSC (0~3 years old),it has good structure effectiveness and discrimination and matches the diagnose development scale parameters,it can be used as development diagnostic tool.

Correlation between coping style and mental health of the autism children's parents

HE Li-na,ZHOU Chang-hong,LI Hai-yan

2015, 23(9):  937-939.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-13

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Objective To explore the relation between the mental health and the coping style of the autisms children's parents. Method A total of 72 parents of autism children were tested with Symptom Check-List 90 (SCL-90) and Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ).Data were analyzed by t-test and multiple regression analysis with SPSS. Results The score of "problem solving" coping style in study group was slower than that in the control group;The scores of "fantasy" and "wincing "coping style in the study group were higher than those in the control group.By multivariate regression analysis,it showed that the coping style as correlated with mental health. Conclusion The parents of autism children have more risk factors of the mental problems in the hand of coping style.

Effect of pregnancy hyperthyroidism on spatial learning in the rat offspring

WANG Rui-ying,LIU Zhi-hong,HAO Yong-mei,LI Cai-ge,WANG Hong

2015, 23(9):  940-943.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-14

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Objective To observed the effect of pregnancy hyperthyroidism on spatial learning and memory in the rat offspring. Methods Female SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (N group),mild hyperthyroidism group (A group),severe hyperthyroidism group (B group).The rat's hyperthyroidism model was established with levothyroxine sodium,then female rats and male rats were in one cage by 2∶1 ratio.After conception,levothyroxine sodium was continued giving to A and B group,N group received the same amount of saline.Thyroid function of rats offspring and Morris water maze test about their learning and memory ability were tested at 21^st day and 60^th day.The expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNos) was observed by western blotting technology,and the level of nitric oxide NO in the brain was tested. Results 1) The nNOS and NO of A and B groups were increased than N group,nNOS and NO of B group was increased than A group (P<0.05);2) The escape latency of group A was obviously prolong than that of group N in 21st day (P<0.05),but no difference between the two groups in 60th day (P>0.05).The escape latency of group B was obviously prolong in each phases than that in group A and N (P<0.05). Conclusion Pregnancy hyperthyroidism can increase neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression and the level of NO in the hippocampus of rat offspring, and cause rats offing cognitive dysfunction.

Characteristics of hope and its relationship with academic achievement of left-behind children

WEI Jun-feng

2015, 23(9):  959-961.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-20

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Objective To explore the characteristic of hope and its relationship with academic achievement of left-behind children. Method Totally 369 left-behind children from three rural schools were investigated by Children's Hope Scale. Results There were no significant differences on the scores of hope and its factors between left-behind children and non left-behind children(P>0.05).The scores of hope was significantly and positively related with academic achievement of left-behind children.The score of hope could positively predict the scores of academic achievement(β=0.33,P<0.001). Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen hope education for improving the level of academic achievement of left-behind children.

Development characteristic of attention of preterm low birth weight children in toddler's age

FENG Xue-ying,RAN Ni,YI Ming-ji,QIN Wei,FU Peng,YANG Zhao-chuan

2015, 23(9):  962-964.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-21

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Objective To explore the attention development of preterm low birth weight children and the characteristics of attention of normal birth weight children in toddler's age. Methods The objects of this study were 16.5~31 months preterm low birth weight children (n=32)and normal birth weight (NBW) children (n=53).The videotaped was used to assess attention:a children electronic organ and a combined kitchen toy were given successively to the infants playing for 480 seconds respectively.The period of infant free play was recorded so that it could be scored for focused and casual attention by observers to analyse the attention time. Results 1)Attention time of NBW infants:The total focused attention time was shorter than casual attention time(t=2.37,P＜0.01).There was no significant difference between male and female infants.2)Attention time of low birth weight infants:The attention time had no significant difference between the two groups,except the casual attention time of toy 2(t=-2.31,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups at the levels of attention during both play sessions. Conclusions The focused attention time is shorter than casual attention time at NBW toddlers.The casual attention time of preterm low birth weight toddlers is shorter than NBW toddlers on the strong operational toys.

Effects of different sports on the attention of school-age children

XIONG Qiong-ping,TANG Hong

2015, 23(9):  965-967.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-22

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Objective To find an effective way to improve the level of attention of school-age children. Methods Literature,experiment,questionnaire and deeply-interview were used,and 129 primary school students were chosen from three to six grade of Ganzhou city and divided into two groups-experimental group and control group.The attention subtests based on PASS theory were adopted to assess different effects of different sports on individual's attention level. Results With the attention level in the pretest as covariates,analysis of covariance showed that table tennis,badminton and martial arts training all could improve total attention level of school-age children;Individually,table tennis,badminton and martial arts all could enhance one's abilities to inhibit interference stimulus to choose target stimulus and one's ability to control information processing.while in the ability to distribute attention resources and transfer attention flexiblely,only table tennis and martial arts had positive effects. Condusion Different sports could have different effects on the attention of school-age children.

Relationship of personality and self-awareness with behavioral problems in school-aged children with asthma

WANG Yan-yu,SUN Hong-wei,ZHANG Xiu-qiong,SUN Bei-bei

2015, 23(9):  968-970.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-23

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Objective To investigate the prevalence of behavioral problems in school-aged children,and study the relationship of personality and self-awareness with behavioral problems. Method Totally 213 school-aged children with asthma were investigated with Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL),Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale (PHCSS). Results 1)The prevalence rate of behavioral problems in school-aged children with asthma was 24.4%,mainly for depression,schizophrenia,attack and bad communication etc.2)Their scores of the sum and some dimensions,such as intelligence and school situation,physical appearance attributes and gregariousness of PHCSS were all lower than the matched children.3)The logistic regression analysis revealed that gregariousness was a significant predictor of behavioral problems. Conclusion The prevalence of behavioral problems in school-aged children with asthma is higher,and self-awareness is an important influence factor on behavioral problems.

Dysfunctional parenting style among parents of primary school students in one city of northeast China

FENG Ya-nan,CHEN Jing-qi,ZHAO Xiao-xia,LI Jing-yi,ZHANG Wen-jing

2015, 23(9):  971-973.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-24

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Objective To investigate dysfunctional parenting style amongparents of pupils in one city of northeast China and to explore influencing factors. Method A total of 1 134 parents of pupils in one city of northeast China were recruited to complete a self-report questionnaire anonymously regarding demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds,dysfunctional parenting style,social support,physical /mental maltreatment experiences in childhood and so forth. Results The detective rates of mild,moderate,and severe overreactivity were 14.2%,6.3%,1.1% respectively,the detective rates of mild,moderate,severe hostility were 6.3%,3.5%,0.9% respectively.The results of stepwise regression showed that children academic performance,parents' social support,self-report health condition were negatively correlated with the scores of overreactivity and hostility.Physical and mental maltreatment experiences in childhood were positively correlated with the score of overreactivity.Mental maltreatment experiences in childhood was positively correlated with the score of hostility. Conclusions The problem of dysfunctional parenting style among parents of urban primary school students is not uncommon.It should be pay attention to.

Life values and effective factors of the middle school students after earthquake in Yushu

LI Li-na,YANG Mei-rong,LV Shao-bo,LIU Xiao,GUO Yong-fang,REN He-fei,QIN Tong,WANG Xia

2015, 23(9):  974-976.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-25

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Objective To explore middle school students' life values and its effective factors in Yushu after the earthquake. Method The Life Values Scale and Adolescent Resilience Scale were used to investigate 300 middle school students in Yushu after earthquake. Results 1) Yushu middle school students who were only-child or not made significant differences in life value score (t=-2.553,P<0.05);2)The students in middle or junior school had significant differences in the social value,individual value,spiritual value,transcendental value and life value score(t=-3.195,P<0.05);3)Different family disaster degree of Yushu middle school students' had significant differences in life value scores (F=4.490,P<0.05);4) Yushu middle school students' life values scores and all its factors were positively correlated with target focused,positive cognitive,family support factors of resilience(P<0.05),the survival value was negatively correlated with emotional control (P<0.05);5) The target focused,positive cognitive and family support factors of resilience could predict life value (P<0.05). Conclusions The extent damage,only-child or not can make great influence on participant's life value.The higher the resilience is,the higher life value is.Resilience can positively predict life values.

Follow-up study of children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa after 1～5 years hospital discharge

MA Zhou,LIU Jing

2015, 23(9):  977-979.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-26

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Objective To investigate the short-term prognosis of discharged children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa and explore the factors related with clinical outcome. Method Cases with age ≤18 years old,meeting criteria of anorexia nervosa of International Classification of Disease,10th version(ICD-10) and hospitalized firstly during 2008 to 2012 were selected and performed by the self-compiled questionnaire to getting information from medical documents during hospitalization and telephone follow-up. Results In the 59 enrolled subjects,45 cases with average age of 16.56 years old were followed up after average 2.39 years from their discharge.At the follow-up,their body mass index (BMI) was 9.21~28.40 (18.47±3.54) kg/m²,the BMI of 28 cases had already been normal,25 cases had fear of being fat,5 cases had body-image disorder,25 cases had abnormal eating behaviors,4 cases had excessive exercise,19 (57.58%)cases of the female patients had normal menstruation,38 cases were at school or work normally.In objective assessment of outcome,the numbers of cases with recovery,improvement and chronicity were 13,28 and 4 respectively.In the subjective assessment of outcome,the numbers of cases with good,middle and poor outcome were separately 25,13 and 7 respectively.The results of subjective assessment were better than that of objective assessment(Kappa=0.214).Based on the results of objective assessment,male was positively correlated with the prognosis(r=0.311,P=0.037),the competitive of subject was negatively correlated with prognosis(r=-0.317,P=0.034). Conclusions The outcome of children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa during 1～5 years after hospital discharge is relatively good.The prognosis of boys is better than girls,and the competitive nature may affect the clinical outcome negatively.

Eating behavior problems and effects on the health of children aged 2~7 years old in Quanzhou city

LIN Wei-hua,CHEN Yan-hui,WANG Kun-yi,HONG Jin-chuan,ZHENG Yi-xia

2015, 23(9):  983-985.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-28

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Objectives To investigate the eating behavior problems of the children aged 2~7 years old in Quanzhou city,and the effects of related behavior problems on the health of children. Methods A total of 1 804 children aged 2~7 years old in Quanzhou were selected by stratified cluster random.Children's eating behavior was investigate by self-designed "Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire".Children's health was assessed by physical measurement and peripheral blood hemoglobin.The data were analysed by single factor analysis and multiple Logistic regression analysis. Results 92.8% of children aged 2~7 years old in Quanzhou area had dinner at fixed time,62.7% children spent 15~30 minutes on each meal;38.9% of the children dependented on adult-feeding,34.7% was eating while watching TV,listening to music or playing with toys.Most of the children's dietary structure was rather balanced.Children's eating behavior:walking or playing while eating,picky eating partial eclipse,time spent on every meal,fixed time eating and eating snacks influenced children's health. Conclusions Children's eating behavior problems are commonly exist with different situations in different areas.Children's eating behavior in kindergarten of Quanzhou is characterized by better eating regularity and a balanced diet.Nevertheless,there are deficiencies of eating habits,dining atmosphere.Children's health is closely related to children's poor eating behaviors.

Status of malnutrition and anemia of children under 3 years old in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in 2012

XU Yuan-yuan,DONG Sheng-li,BAI Fu

2015, 23(9):  986-988.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-29

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Objective To investigate the health status of children under 3 years old,to understand the status of malnutrition and anemia of children under 3,and to provide scientific basis for further improve the health status of the Tibetan children in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Methods The physical examination results on height and weight of 1 897 children at 0~35 months and hemoglobin measurement of 897 children at 6~35 months were collected.Descriptive analysis and chi-square tests were analyzed. Results The result showed proportion of children with malnutrition under 3 was 17%,proportion of stunting was 12.2%,proportion of low weight was 5.6%,rate of weight loss was 4.7% in surveyed area.Results show that children who were at 18~23 months had a higher prevalence of stunting.Meanwhile,prevalence of anemia amongst children of 6~35 months was 64.7%,and children who lived at higher altitude had a higher prevalence of anemia. Conclusions To address children health issue in Yushu prefecture,especially malnutrition and anemia,comprehensive intervention should be conducted to promotion local children health status.

Survey on the current status of the the children's growth in Yan'an

LI She-li,LI Xia,SHI Chao-ling,DU Fei-fei,ZHANG Wen-tao,ZHANG Yong-hong,YIN Ming-ping

2015, 23(9):  989-991.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-30

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Objective To evaluate the children's physical growth in primary schools in Yan'an,and to promote the physical development of local children. Methods The general informations such as sleep,exercise,diet,etc.were surveyed through a questionnaire.The body heights and weights were messured and analyzed based on their gender,age and reginal distribution,then compared with the standard from the physical survey of the children from nine cities of China in 2005,also factors posssibly affected the physical growth of local pupils were analyzed. Results 1)The height of children in Yan'an increased with age,but was lower than the physical standard of the nine cities in 2005 (P＜0.05),no matter those living in urban areas or surburban areas.Also the gap increased with age,especially in surburban areas.2)Compared with the standard of the nine cities in 2005,there was no difference in weight for children before 12 years old in Yan'an,which increased with age also,but after 12 years old,the gap of weight between children in Yan'an and the standard of nine cities became bigger and bigger for both girls and boys in urban areas,as well as the girls in surburban areas in Yan'an(P＜0.05).3)Factors on weight and height of children in Yan'an were analyzed,the results showed that taking cod-liver oil and milk more,going to bed before 10 pm and exercising regularly could promote the physical growth,after controlling the genetic factors,such as their gender,the height of their mother,ect. Conclusions The physical growth of Yan'an children was relatively slow and there was increasing gap with age,compared to the standard of nine cities.This research also found that physical growth of local children could be improved by better nutrition and more exercises.

Binomial Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with low birth weight in the urban area of Hefei

SUN Yu,SHAO Zi-yu,LI Pei-pei,WANG Yan,LI Ling,DUAN Yu-wen,XU Xiu-qin,WANG Hong-xin

2015, 23(9):  995-997.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-32

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Objective To explore the related factors of low birth weight and provide evidence for intervention measures. Methods A birth cohort was established according to the occurrence of low birth weight( including a total of 280 low birth weight and 200 normal birth weight children),the related factors of low birth weight were retrospectively investigated through maternal and child information system,using the method of binomial Logistic regression risk factors were analysed. Results The incidence of low birth weight was 4.03% in the urban district of Hefei,and the incidence in baby girls was higher than that in baby boys(χ²=38.78,P<0.05).The multi-factor studies showed that preterm birth(OR=16.466,95%CI:8.539～31.754),pregnancy complications(OR=2.559,95%CI:1.063～6.163),pregnancy weight gain (OR=0.944,95%CI:0.899～0.992)and pregnancy appetite (OR=0.264,95%CI:0.104～0.619)were associated with low birth weight. Conclusion Premature birth and pregnancy complications could increase the risk of low birth weight,then increased weight gain during pregnancy and good appetite during pregnancy could reduce low birth weight,so comprehensive measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of low birth weight.

Establishment of parent report questionnaire of developmental delay in Beijing

ZHU Xue-na,LIANG Ai-min,JIA Zhao-xia,WANG Jing-min,JIANG Yu-wu

2015, 23(9):  998-1001.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-33

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Objective To develop a screening scale for developmental delay and explore its reliability and validity. Methods The study included preliminary experiment and a formal investigation.Preliminary experiment randomly selected 110 children in good health of appropriate months from three districts in Beijing,questionnaires were administered to their parents and all the data were analyzed of factor analysis.Formal investigation randomly selected 30 children every month in two districts,screening scales were completed by the parents,and physicians in community asked related developmental information in 7 days.Denver developmental screening test (DDST) was carried out in 6 months,18 months and 36 months for validity test.Children of developmental delay were selected from referrals in whole city,30 children were investigated with the questionnaires and Gesell at the same time for reliability and validity inspection. Result The results showed that the Cronbach' α coefficient of full scale was between 0.500 to 0.793,raters consistency was between 0.53 to 0.91,content validity of the scale were above 0.5.Criterion validity test and Gesell consistency were all satisfying. Conclusion The reliability and validity of this screening scale were satisfying,and it could be used for the screening of developmental delay.

Comparison of home environment between the urban and rural preschool children

AN Lei,ZHANG Rong-juan

2015, 23(9):  1002-1004.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-34

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Objective To understand the difference between the urban and rural preschool children's home environment. Method Totally 61 children from rural or urban area were interviewed their home environments with the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME). Results There were differences on material(t=-8.17,P<0.01),learning(t=-2.33,P<0.05),responsive(t=-2.47,P<0.05),modeling(t=-8.41,P<0.01) and total scores(t=-8.29,P<0.01) of HOME between rural and urban preschool children's family. Conclusion Score of rural preschool children's HOME is quite lower than urban children's,and the situation should to be improved.