Table of Content

10 October 2015, Volume 23 Issue 10

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Effect of the introduction of complementary foods on dietary behaviors of children after one year of age.

QI Ying,WEI Ya-rong,JIANG Xin-ye,PEI Jing-jing.

2015, 23(10):  1015-1017.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-03

Asbtract ( )   PDF (490KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the effect of introduction of complementary foods on dietary behaviors of children after one year of age. Methods A total of 189 children aged 1～5 years old having physical examination in Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were recruited in the study,the general situation,eating behaviors and the situation of complementary foods during the infant periods were surveyed by questionnaire,the influence factors of dietary behavior were analysed by Logistic multiple regression. Results The children with eating behavior problems were 30.69% in the total of 189 research objects.Secondly,special preference for certain food,poor appetite and afraid of eating respectively were 26.98%,21.69% and 6.35%.The distribution was no statistical difference in four kinds of eating behavior problems among different age and gender groups.The time of introduction of granular food during the infant period impacted on the appetite of children after one year of age(P<0.05),the value of OR was 1.305; The frequency of introduction of granular food during infant period affected special preference for certain food after one year of age(P<0.05),the value of OR was 0.610;The time and frequency of introduction of different characteristics,food quantity and acceptance to complementary food did not affect the incidence of eating behaviors and afraid of eating after one year of age(P>0.05). Conclusion Introduction of complementary food at the right time may be reducing the incidence of dietary behavior problems with poor appetite and dietary bias.

Investigation on diet and physical activity of 3~6 years old children in different parenting style in Shanghai.

GUO Chong,HU Fang-li,GE Pin,CHEN Jin-jin.

2015, 23(10):  1018-1022.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-04

Asbtract ( )   PDF (711KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate differences in parenting style,physical development,diet and physical activity of 3~6 years old children through a cross-sectional study. Methods The study consisted of 36 kindergartens covering all 18 districts in Shanghai,2 kindergartens each district.A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect children's family situation,physical development,dietary and physical activity information. Results The sample consisted of 1 637 children,30.5% of them were raised by grandparents.The incidence rate of overweight and malnutrition between two parenting styles had no difference (χ²=0.001,P=0.982).Children under different parenting styles all had problems in meal time,daily water drinking and lacking of exercises outside the garden.Grandparents chosed more diversely in diet and exercises. Conclusions More parents choose to raise children themselves in Shanghai.The physical development,diet and physical activity of children under two parenting style are different.Long meal time,lack of daily water drinking and exercises outside the garden are common problems in children under different parenting styles.The choice in the site selection and the mode of physical activityreflect the change of children's living environment in Shanghai.

Association between SNP rs9939609,rs8050236 of FTO gene and obesity in Zhuang children.

TANG Ning,CHEN Yi-dan,LI Zhe-tao,ZENG Ting,QIN Zheng-xue,YAN Ti-zhen,LUO Shi-qiang,LI Wu-gao,LI Jing-wen,WANG Qiu-hua,LI Xue-li.

2015, 23(10):  1023-1026.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-05

Asbtract ( )   PDF (600KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the relationship between rs9939609,rs8050236 sites of FTO gene with simple obesity. Methods A total of 208 children (aged from 3 to 18) in Liuzhou were enrolled.Body height,weight and waistline were measured.Serum fasting plasm glucose,cholesterol,triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein were measured.FTO gene rs9939609 (A/T) and rs8050136 (C/A) sites single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected by SNaPshot assay. Results The obesity group showed the components of the metabolic parameters (FBG,TC,TG,HDL-C and VDL-C) were significant differences compared to control group.The TT,AT and AA genotype frequencies of FTO gene rs9939609(A/T) in simple obesity group and normal control group were 79.85%,17.16%,2.99% and 71.52%,25.17%,3.31%,respectively,the T,A allelic frequencies in simple obesity group and normal control group were 88.43%,11.57% and 84.10%,15.89%,respectively.And OR was 1.45,95%CI was 0.89~2.35.The CC,CA and AA of rs8050136(C/A) were 77.61%,19.40%,2.97% and 70.76%,25.83%,3.31%,respectively.The C,A allelic frequencies in simple obesity group and normal control group were 87.31%,12.69% and 83.77%,16.23%,respectively.And OR was 1.333,95%CI was 0.831~2.137.The genotype and allelic frequencies of rs9939609 (T/A) and rs8050136 (C/A) in simple obesity children were not significantly different from those in controls (P>0.05),the two sites single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.There was no significant association between the two sites (rs9939106 and rs8050136) and obestity-related traits including FBG,TC,TG,HDL-C and VDL-C. Conclusions FTO gene rs9939609 and rs8050136 polymorphisms are not associated with simple obesity in Chinese Zhuang children in Liuzhou of Guangxi province,and there was no significant association among the polymorphisms of two sites and metabolic parameters.

Research of minimal phoneme contrast test in children with functional articulation disorder and typical children.

YANG Wen-zhu,ZHAO Yun-jing,ZHANG Cheng-hui.

2015, 23(10):  1027-1029.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-06

Asbtract ( )   PDF (476KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the etiology and pathology of functional articulation disorder (FAD) by minimal phoneme contrast test in children with FAD. Methoods One hundred FAD children and one hundred typical children matched for ages were selected as testees.The auditory recognition abilities were examined by Minimal Phoneme Recognition Scale in a quiet room.Intelligence and language developments were evaluated in test groups. Results The recognition abilities of Consonant Phoneme Contrast (CPC),Vowel Phoneme Contrast (VPC) and the subtests in FAD children were all much inferior to typical children (P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between the recognition abilities of all tests and impairments in FAD children,except the type of CPC described as "the same manner with different places",the VPC of retroflex and unretroflex and the VPC of front nasal and back nasal; Except the CPC of fricatve and unfricative (P>0.05),the recognition abilities of CPC,VPC and the other subtests in FAD with language impairment (n=36) were all much inferior to FAD (n=64) (P<0.05).Twenty-nine patients were moderate to severe disorder in FAD with language impairment (80.56%). Conclusion The recognition abilities of Phoneme Contrast (PC) in FAD children are much inferior to typical children,which might contribute to FAD.

Significance of the Metaphor and Sarcasm Scenario Test for differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

DAI Mei-xia,LIN Qin-ying,JIN Yu,LI Yong-mei,TANG Chun,JING Jin.

2015, 23(10):  1030-1033.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-07

Asbtract ( )   PDF (599KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyse the performance and the difference between autism spectruum disorder(ASD)and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)with the metaphor and sarcasm scenario test(MSST)and the crayon box test,then explore the feasibility of MSST for differential diagnosis of ASD and ADHD. Method A total of 120 children(40 ASD,40 ADHD and 40 typical children)were involved,the scores of this two tests among three groups were compared. Results Compared with typical children,both ASD and ADHD scored lower in metaphor subscale(P＜0.001 ),but the poor comprehension of sarcasm was only observed in ASD(P＜0.016 7).As for the comparison between children with ASD and ADHD,the deficit of comprehending sarcasm was showed in ASD(P＜0.016 7). Conclusions Both ASD and ADHD children show deficits in understanding the metaphor.But the ability to comprehend sarcastic situation is specifically inadequate in ASD.Thus MSST is a potential instrument to discriminate between ASD and ADHD.

Study on intervention of infant weaning feeding in rural area.

ZHANG Shu-yi,YIN Yan,WANG Xian-hua,GUAN Hong-yan,LIU Cai-fang,HUANG Jian,MA Li-xia,ZHU Zong-han,ZHANG Ting.

2015, 23(10):  1034-1037.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-08

Asbtract ( )   PDF (542KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the effects of inventions on home-made weaning food for infants since 6 to 11 months after birth to improve feeding and infants' nutrition status. Methods A total of 263 children aged 6~11 months old were enrolled and assigned to the intervention group (n=149) and the control group (n=114),and completed 6 months of investigation.In the intervention group,the child caregivers received health education on in-time meat introduction,dietary diversity in term of vegetable and anemia source food via village health workers conducting.The effects were evaluated via Hb and feeding practices indicators (WHO 2008 version). Results The paired t test showed that the main effects of Hb increasing were higher in the intervention group than the control group after 3 months [(2.65±14.38)g/L vs(-0.18±11.21)g/L,P= 0.074)] and significantly after 6 months [(8.33±15.85)g/L vs (4.32±14.00)g/L,P=0.034].The proportion of minimum dietary diversity was remarkable higher in the intervention groups than the control group after 3 month (89.9% vs 78.9%,P=0.014),but not significantly after 6 months (83.1% vs 86.8%,P=0.405).The estimated amount of meat intake in the previous day was higher in the intervention group than those in the control group [(6.94±9.07) g vs (2.42±6.10) g,P=0.000] after three months and six months [(7.96±13.90) g vs (4.47±9.194.54±9.19) g,P=0.024]. Conclusions There are effects on Hb increasing and nutritional anemia decreasing by improvement of home-made food and weaning feeding since 6~11 months after birth,in term of increasing meat intake and dietary diversity.The increase of meat intake in the previous day indicated nutritional effect clearly,though less than the recommendation by national and aboard guidelines.

Preschool left-behind children's mental health status and intervention effect in the rural area of Shandong province.

CHEN Zhao-jun,XU Ling-zhong,GAI Ruo-yan,ZHAO Si-qi,XU Xin,WANG Heng.

2015, 23(10):  1038-1040.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-09

Asbtract ( )   PDF (477KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the mental health characteristics of preschool left-behind children in rural areas in Shandong province,evaluate the intervention effect and provide evidence for improving left-behind children's mental health. Methods A total of 735 sutdents were selected from 10 kindergartens with layer-cluster random sampling and investigated by Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ),which was used to know the psychological status of children.Subjects were divided into intervention group and control group according to areas.After one-year psychological intervention,the subjects were investigated with SDQ again. Results The scores of hyperactivity,behavior problem and total score of difficulty among the left-behind children were higher than those of not left-behind (P<0.05).After intervention,the prevalence of abnormal of the five factors declined.The score of the left-behind children who were supervised by their mother or their grandparents(on their father 's side )declined.There was no statistically significant difference before and after intervention among the left-behind children who was monitored by their grandparents(on their mother's side)(P>0.05). Conclusions Preschool left-behind children has poor mental health;Appropriate intervention can effectively improve the mental health status of preschool left-behind children;The children who were monitored by their mother had the best intervention effect.

Initiative study on the applicability of BSID-Ⅲ Cognitive Scale in China.

YE Kan,LUO Xiao-ming,JIN Hua,LEI Jie,GU Gui-xiong.

2015, 23(10):  1041-1043.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-10

Asbtract ( )   PDF (450KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the applicability of BSID-Ⅲ Cognitive Scale in China to test the reliability and validity of BSID-Ⅲ. Methods BSID-Ⅲ were translated into Chinese,and back translated into English.1 440 infants were randomly selected in Wuxi,Taiyuan and Chenzhou,aged from 16 days to 42 months.Cognitive tests were performed in all infants by BSID-Ⅲ. Results Test-retest reliability was 0.946.The internal consistent reliability,Cronbach coefficient was 0.987.Spearman coefficients of validity was 0.93. Conclusion BSID-Ⅲ Cognitive Scale shows good reliability and validity.It is feasible to assess the cognitive development of infants and toddlers in China.It is practicable and necessary to use it.

Influence of grandparenting on infants' physical and psychological development.

ZHANG Yue-fang,WANG Wei,ZHU Ya-ning,YANG Li-fang,ZHANG Huan.

2015, 23(10):  1044-1046.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-11

Asbtract ( )   PDF (472KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the effects of grandparenting on infants' physical and psychological growth,in order to put forward the reasonable suggestions for improving the quality of infants. Method Data of 1∶1 paired of 136 cases of grandparents-raised children and parents-raised children was analyzed between 12 months old and 24 months old. Results There was no significant difference at physical growth indicators between the groups of grandparents-raised children and parents-raised children.At the age of 12 months,language score of the group raised by grandparents was lower than it raised by parents (P<0.05).At the age of 24 months,the developmental quotient of the group raised by grandparents were lower than it raised by parents (P<0.05). Conclusions Grandparenting is not good for children's early psychological and physical growth.Parents and grandparents should strengthen communication,complementary advantages,in order to promote the healthy growth of children.

Research on the changes of learning and memory ability of fetal rats with fetal growth restriction with maternal zinc supplementation.

ZONG Lu,GUO Yu-lin,GOU Wen-li,TIE Ying-chun,LV Ye,HUANG Pu.

2015, 23(10):  1047-1050.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-12

Asbtract ( )   PDF (630KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To discuss the changes of learning and memory ability of fetal rats with fetal growth restriction(FGR) with maternal zinc supplementation. Methods FGR model of SD rats was constructed according to the method of passive smoking.The pregnant rats were divided into three groups (the FGR group contained 10 rats,the model group contained 10 and the control group contained 11 rats).The model group was fed with supplementation of zinc,and the other two groups were fed on normal food.Within each group,10 pups were randomly selected into three subgroups to be tested at 1,2 and 4 months of age,respectively(only FGR pups were selected in the FGR and the model group).Morris water maze task was performed to assess the spatial learning and memory abilities of the rats. Results At the age of 1,2 and 4 months,the fetal rats in the model groups were more likely to use effective strategies to find the platform than the FGR group(P<0.05),and were similar with the control group(P>0.05).The escape latencies to find the platform were shortened with increased training times for all of the rats (P<0.05).At the age of 1,2 and 4 months,the escape latencies of the fetal rats in the model group were more increased than the latency times of the control group(P<0.05).Except the age of 4 months,the latency times of the fetal rats in the model group were decreased than the FGR group (P<0.05),and also stayed in the platform more than the FGR group (P<0.05).While at the age of 4 months,the times spent staying in the platform of the model group and FGR group had no significance (P>0.05). Conclusions Maternal zinc supplementation could improve the scores of the FGR fetal rats in Morris water maze,so that showed us to add zinc in pregnant time could protect the impaired of the learning and memory abilities caused by FGR.Postnatal behavior training could correct the impairment of the brain caused by FGR.

Clinical observation for human milk fortifier in premature infants' growth and development.

HAO Li-hong,WANG Yan,YANG Qiu-ling,CHENG Yuan-yuan,LIU Fang.

2015, 23(10):  1063-1065.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-17

Asbtract ( )   PDF (604KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To observe the different feeding way of premature infant growth and evaluate the status of the growth of breast-fed premature infants supplemented with powdered human milk fortifier. Methods Totally 102 infants with gestational age <35 weeks were enrolled and divided into fortified human milk group (31 cases),human milk group (33 cases) and preterm formula group (38 cases).Physical growth speed,hemoglobin and blood calcium of three groups were monitored,and comparative analysed in correct gestational age term (40 weeks) and after 1 month,3 months. Results When the rate of weight gain in the correct term gestational age,after corrected gestational age 1 month and 3 months,fortified human milk group were higher than human milk group and preterm formula group.Three groups' incidences in feeding intolerance,necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and other differences were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusions Premature infants fed with fortified human milk can promote the growth better,especially in weight growth rate and the risk of feeding intolerance and NEC don't increase.It can be used as the preferred way of feeding in preterm neonates.

Effect of early adequate protein intake on growth of very low birth weight infant.

WANG Chang-yan,PEI Huai-teng,HAN Li,YU Xiao-juan.

2015, 23(10):  1066-1069.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-18

Asbtract ( )   PDF (730KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the effect of early adequate protein intake on early growth rate of very low birth weight infant (VLBWI). Methods A total of 61 cured cases of VLBWI with birth weight of 1 000~1 500 g were randomly divided into the study group [n=31,amino acids 2.0 g/(kg·d) start,1.0 g/(kg·d) increments] and the control group [n=30,amino acids 0.5~1.0 g/(kg·d) start,0.5 g/(kg·d) increments],protein,energy intake and protein / energy ratio ,blood biochemistry,physical growth and complications,etc of two groups were compared,and the relationship of protein intake,energy intake,protein / energy ratio and physical growth rate were analyzed. Results Study group's weight decreased lower than the control group's (6.2% vs 9.5%)(P<0.05),returned to birth weight earlier than the control group's (6 d vs 10 d)(P<0.05);The average weekly growth rate of head circumference ratio was faster than control group [(0.75±0.32)cm vs (0.45±0.25)cm](P<0.05);The average daily weight increased faster than the control group [(22.3±3.2)g/kg vs (15.1±2.3)g/kg](P<0.05);Average weekly rate of height growth had no difference between two groups (P>0.05).The first three days,the first seven days of total caloric and protein intake,protein/energy ratio,and average daily weight gain,average weekly rate of head circumference growth rate after recovery to birth weight were positively correlated (P<0.05).There was no significant difference of infant with mean serum total bile acid and urea nitrogen levels between the two groups,but the average albumin level of study group was significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusion Early adequate protein intake can reduce the weight decrease of VLBWI in early birth period,earlier return to birth weight can accelerate weight gain and head circumference growth rate during hospitalization.

Investigation of environmental risk factors of eczema in different genetic background infants.

FENG Mei,XIAO Yi-zhu,LUO Xiao-yan,HU Yan.

2015, 23(10):  1070-1073.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-19

Asbtract ( )   PDF (570KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To compare the incidence and predisposing environmental factors of eczema in different allergic family history infant. Methods Totally 270 healthy,term newborns enrolled into this study and was followed up to one year old.Informations including allergic family history,delivery mode,environmental smoking exposure and diet during maternal and infancy etc,were recorded during the follow-up period.Multifactors logistic regression was used to analyze the environmental risk factors of eczema in different allergic family history infant. Results The incedence of infantile eczema was 64.8% (175/270).There was no significant difference between the prevalence of eczema in infants with or without allergic family history(63.9% vs 65.5%,P>0.05).However,logistic regression analysis showed,although no environmental risk factors were found for eczema in infants with allergic family history,for infants without allergic family history,born in autumn and winter were suffering 4.912 times of infantile eczema risk than that of born in spring and summer,OR4.921(95%CI:1.102～8.103,P=0.032),and exclusive breastfeeding within the first 4 months might decrease the risk of infantile eczema,OR0.013(95%CI:0.009～0.518,P=0.020). Conclusions The prevalence of infantile eczema in this study is higher than other literatures.Allergic family history seems have no effect on the prevalence of infantile eczema.However,for infants without allergic family history,exclusive breastfeeding during the first 4 months might be benefit to reduce the incidence of infantile eczema.Moreover,born in autumn and winter seems to be the risk factors of eczema for infants without allergic family history.

Analysis of the components in human milk of health mothers in different periods in urban area in Xi' an.

GAO Xue-ting,BAI Feng,SUN Da-qing,LEI Yan,WANG Wen.

2015, 23(10):  1074-1076.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-20

Asbtract ( )   PDF (461KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the dynamic changes of human milk components in different periods in order to guide the rational feeding to the baby. Methods One hundred and twenty one health mothers were surveyed.The contents of protein,fat,carbohydrate,energy and dry matters in their milk before and after feeding were determined by MIRIS human milk analyzer. Results The contents of protein in milk in 1^st~3^rd months after delivery were significantly higher than other months.The change of fat and energy in milk was consistent.The fat and energy in the milk before feeding were no difference in different months.The fat and energy in the milk after feeding in the tenth and twelfth months were significantly higher than those of other months.The contents of protein in milk before and after feeding in the first month after delivery were no obvious difference,and they were higher in the milk before feeding than those in the milk after feeding in other months.The contents of fat and dry matters and energy were significantly higher in the milk after feeding than those in the milk before feeding in each period,while the contents of carbohydrate were higher in the milk before feeding than those in the milk after feeding in each period. Conclusion Human milk has its own changes in different periods of postpartum.

Correlation between birth weight and children' simple obesity in China:a meta-analysis.

WANG Xi-bei,YANG Wen-liang,TIAN De-hong,WANG Yu,YU Guo-wei.

2015, 23(10):  1077-1079.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-21

Asbtract ( )   PDF (570KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To systematically review the correlation between simple obesity and birth weight in children,and provide a theoretical basis for the control and prevention children' simple obesity. Methods Case-control study about the correlation between Chinese children's simple obesity and birth weight were collected in PubMed,EMbase,Web of science,CNKI,CBM,VIP and WanFang Data,which were published from January 2000 to November 2014.Meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.1 software. Results Finally 18 studies including 17 442 participants were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that high birth weight children had a higher risk of simple obesity with a significant difference compared with the normal weight group(OR=2.09,95%CI:1.90~2.30,P<0.000 01).In addition,it showed that no significant differences were found between children's simple obesity and low birth weight (OR=0.92,95%CI:0.41~2.06,P=0.84). Conclusion High birth weight is a risk factor of simple obesity,while no correlation exists between low birth weight and simple obesity in children.

Study on quality of life of children with congenital anorectal malformations.

LU Yu-jiao,ZHONG Yan,ZHOU Xiao-yu,KANG Ru-tong,ZHU Sha.

2015, 23(10):  1080-1083.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-22

Asbtract ( )   PDF (574KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate quality of life (QOL) of postoperative children with congenital anorectal malformations (ARM),and to provide evidence for developing effective interventions and improve QOL of children with ARM. Methods A total of 100 children who had ARM surgery 2 and 5 years ago were investigated by using the Chinese version of PedsQL^TM4.0 Scale.The scores of QOL were compared between children with ARM and healthy children. Results 1)QOL score of the emotional function among children with ARM aged 2 years old was higher than that of healthy children (P<0.05).QOL scores of the 4 dimensions and total scale among children with ARM aged 5 years old were higher than those of healthy children (P<0.05),the difference of QOL scores in emotional function was most significant.2)QOL self-report scores of children with ARM aged 5 years old were higher than those of caregiver proxy-report (P>0.05).QOL self-report scores of the 4 dimensions of healthy children at the same age were higher than those of caregiver proxy-report (P<0.05).3)QOL scores of the corresponding dimensions among ARM children aged 2 and 5 years old who had bowel disorders were lower than those who had not bowel disorders (P<0.05). Conclusion 1)By reducing psychological pressure and giving more love and care can improve quality of life.In addition,parents pay special attention on the emotional function of their children.2)Bowel disorders have negative impact on QOL of ARM children aged 2 and 5 years old.

Relevant study on late-preterm birth and developmental coordination disorder in preschool children.

JIN Hua,WANG Jing,QIN Zhi-qiang,BAI Dan-dan,MA Yu-jie,GU Gui-xiong.

2015, 23(10):  1084-1086.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-23

Asbtract ( )   PDF (476KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the relationship between late-preterm birth and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in children aged 3 to 6 years old. Methods A total of 6 811 children aged 3~6 were randomly selected from 25 kindergartens of 5 cities located at southern,northern,middle areas of Jiangsu Province,respectively.A questionnaire was used to investigate their birth history and health condition.Children who submitted the questionnaire without missing items took part in the motor ability test by Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2). Results A total of 6 147 children finished all the tests.No evidence showed that late-preterm birth had an effect on DCD and manual dexterity impairment,but it may be related to children's aiming & catching ability,and late-preterm birth children did have dramatic lower balance skill ability than full term birth children. Conclusion Late-preterm birth is harmful to balance skills as well as aiming & catching skills in preschool children,and impairment on different part to the growing brain may be the possible reason.

Etiology and clinical analysis of 35 cases of 46,XY disorders of sex development.

DONG Hong,LIANG Li-yang,OU YANG Ying,ZHANG Li-na.

2015, 23(10):  1087-1089.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-24

Asbtract ( )   PDF (467KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the etiology and clinical manifestation of 46,XY disorders of sex development(DSD). Method The clinical data were analysed,DNA fragments of related genes from parts of patients were directly sequenced to detect gene mutation. Results The social genders of 25 cases were male,and the others were female.Including 3 cases of androgen insensitivity syndrome,3 cases of ovotesticular DSD,8 cases of 5 α-reductase deficiency,2 cases of Kallmann syndrome and 2 cases of 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis.Sequencing analysis of SRD5A2 revealed 8 cases with mutations.One case carried a mutation of AR and another one had a mutation of FGFR1. Conclusions Early diagnosis and treatment of 46,XY DSD is greatly import,which can help to reduce the impact of the disease on patient's physiology and psychology.Direct DNA sequencing analysis of candidate genes would be valuable to identify etiology.

Analysis of the characteristics and influencing factors of unintentional burns among school-aged children in rural area of Zunyi city.

SHI Shang-peng,HUI Ya,YANG Hua-jun,QI Yong-hong,CAO Bo-ling,YANG Cheng,SHI Xiu-quan.

2015, 23(10):  1090-1092.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-25

Asbtract ( )   PDF (443KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of unintentional burns among school-aged children in rural Zunyi,and to provide a basis evidence for the prevention strategies. Methods A total of 465 children from 2 primary schools and 1 middle school were recruited into this study by using a multi-stage cluster sampling method in Zunyi city,the status of burns in one recent year were surveyed with a self-designed questionnaire.The relative factors of burn injury were analyzed by univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression. Results Following facts were discovered:the incidence of burns in school-aged children was 8.82%; 36.6% of the burn injuries was caused by hot liquid (including hot water and hot oil);Burn injury mainly occurred in the palms/arms (53.7%);Home was the place that most of burn injury (75.6%) took place;And occurred mainly in the summer (46.3%).Data from the multivariate unconditional Logistic regression showed that the risk of occurrence of burns,boys were higher than those of girls(OR=5.38),being the single child (OR=11.05),left-behind children (OR=8.61).While good performance record (OR=0.45) and the knowledge of treatment of burns master well (OR=0.83) were protective factors on burn injury. Conclusions The incidence of burns of school-aged children in rural areas of Zunyi is still high,it should be strengthened that the popularization of knowledge of burns,and pay more attention to left-behind children so as to reduce the incidence of burns in school-age children.

Study on the levels of serum vitamin A,D,E in 67 children.

LI Na,WANG Jian-hong,JIN Chun-hua,ZHANG Yue,ZHANG Li-li,WANG Xiao-yan,WANG He-ru,SONG Wen-hong,GAO Hai-tao,NI Jun-jun.

2015, 23(10):  1093-1095.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-26

Asbtract ( )   PDF (581KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To identify the status of serum vitamin A,D,E levels of infants and young children and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Totally 67 healthy infants and young children were recruited for the study from January to March in 2013.Serum vitamin A,25-hydroxy vitamin D[25(OH)D],vitamin E were determined.Basic situation,feeding methods,physical and other aspects of the information were collected. Results Altogether 67 children,included 40 boys and 27 girls.The mean serum vitamin A was (0.23±0.07) mg/L,the rate of lack was 34.33%.Stratified analysis showed serum levels of different age had differences (F=5.866,P=0.001).Serum vitamin A deficiency rate gradually decreased with the month age increase.The 0~4 months of age group was the lowest with (0.17±0.04) mg/L,the lack rate was high as 68.75%.There were also differences in serum vitamin levels of different feeding methods (F=2.838,P=0.045),serum levels of exclusively breastfed infants was minimum with (0.18±0.03) mg/L,the lack rate was 60.00%.Serum 25(OH)D level was (102.26±90.54) nmol/L,the lack rate was 13.33%.There were differences between the different feeding methods (F=2.951,P=0.038).Serum levels of exclusively breastfed infants was low with (96.93±20.42) nmol/L,the higher rate of lack was 33.34%.Serum vitamin E level was (10.09±2.76) mg/L,rate of insufficient was only 13.4%,and there were no children.Vitamin E was better overall nutritional status. Conclusions Children's nutrition of vitamin A and 25(OH)D situations were not optimistic.The attention of the government should be improved to timely applying intervention to prevent vitamin deficiency for high-risk groups.

Analysis of malnutrition status and influencing factors among the preschool children in the suburb of Zhengzhou.

ZHANG Jun,YANG Guo-jun,LIU Jian-tao,LI Yan.

2015, 23(10):  1096-1098.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-27

Asbtract ( )   PDF (459KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the prevalence of malnutrition among the preschool children in the suburb of Zhengzhou,analyze the realted influencing factors,and to put forward the effective control measures. Method A total of 3 042 children aged 3～7 years old were selected from 16 kindergartens in the suburb of Zhengzhou by cluster sampling method,and were investigated with questionnaire. Results The boy's prevalence rate of malnutrition was 6.03%,the girl's was 4.92%,the average prevalence rate was 5.52%.There was no significant difference between boys and girls(χ²=3.052,P>0.05).The father's body mass index (BMI) was positively correlated with the nutritional status of children.Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors included disease history(OR=2.064)and partial eclipse(OR=2.175),protective factors included normal birth weight(OR=0.618),breast feeding(OR=0.704),father's normal BMI(OR=0.674),parents' higher nutrition knowledge(OR=0.567),good appetite(OR=0.780),drink milk(OR=0.682). Conclusions Malnutrition prevalence rate of preschool children in the suburb of Zhengzhou is lower than that in the rural.As the result of various factors,malnutrition should take comprehensive measures of prevention.

Clinical study on the related factors of the intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants.

DONG Yan,DU Kai-xian,JIA Tian-ming,ZHANG Xiao-li,XU Fa-lin.

2015, 23(10):  1099-1100.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-28

Asbtract ( )   PDF (420KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate a variety of related factors for intracranial hemorrhage(ICH) in premature infants. Methods A case-control study was performed between cases with ICH and cases of non-ICH premature infants.All the subjects were the in-patient newborns from April 2013 to March 2014.Data of the related factors were processed with both χ² test and multiple Logistic regression analysis. Results The statistic analysis showed that fetal distress,gestational age ＜34 weeks,mechanical ventilation and electrolyte disturbance were significant risk factors for ICH.Prenatal application of dexamethasone was a favorable factor. Conclusions In order to prevent and cure ICH at an early stage,monitoring of high risk gravida,correct management of complications,prenatal application of dexamethasone and so on should be advocated.

Analysis of the test results of 25- hydroxy vitamin D in 5 017 children in Nanhai District of Foshan City.

ZENG Zhen,GUO Yan,MA Mei-mei,LIU Shao-lan,TIAN Hui.

2015, 23(10):  1101-1103.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-29

Asbtract ( )   PDF (453KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the nutritional status of 25-hydroxy vitamin D[25-(OH)D] and the relationships with age and season in 0~6 years old children in Nanhai district of Foshan city. Methods A total of 5 017 children aged 0~6 years old for physical examination in Nanhai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in 2014,and venous blood samples were collected from subjects before breakfast in the morning.Their test results of 25-(OH)D were detected by the high efficiency liquid chromatography- tandom mass spectrometer. Results The average level of 25-(OH)D was 69.07 nmol/L in 5 017 children aged 0~6 years old in Nanhai District in 2014.The percentage of 25-(OH)D famine was 0.09%.The percentage of 25-(OH)D deficiency was 18.71%.The percentage of 25-(OH)D insufficient was 31.01%.The percentage of 25-(OH)D sufficient was 50.16%.The detection level decreased with age(P＜0.05).The detection level of summer and autumn was higher than that in spring and winter(P＜0.05). Conclusions The level of 25-(OH)D in children in Nanhai district is low.Vitamin D preparation can be supplement from the neonatal period until the child and adolescent stage.

Study on viral pathogen of acute respiratory infection of 741 children.

XIE Fei,CAI Yong-yan,YANG Lei,YUE Bin.

2015, 23(10):  1104-1105.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-30

Asbtract ( )   PDF (458KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the infection state of virus in hospitalized children suffered with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Cangzhou district from May 2012 to July 2013. Methods The 7 common respiratory viruses,including respiratory syncitial virus (RSV),adenovirus (ADV),influnenza (IFV) A and B,and parainfluenza (PIV 1,2,3),were detected using direct immunofluorescence viral antigen rapid diagnosis in nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPS) of children with ARI. Results In totally 741 samples,28.6% ( 212/741) was shown to be viral positive.There were no significant differences in the infection rates between genders(P=0.753).Among the seven kinds of virus,the highest infection rate was 16.1% of RSV,followed was 4.5% of PIV3.The highest total infection rate was 45.0% in winter,and the lowest total infection rate was 15% in autumn.The infection rate in ≤3-year-old children group was significantly higher than that of ≥3-year-old children group(P<0.01). Conclusions RSV is the most common viral pathogen in children hospitalized with ARI in Cangzhou.The epidemic of respiratory viruses could be with obvious seasonal characteristics,and the highest rate of respiratory virus infection might be in winter and spring.The infection rate of different virus could be different in children at different age.

Clinical research of conductive education combined with auditory integration training on mental retardation in preschool children.

YANG Li-xing,ZOU Lin-xia,CHEN Wei-hua,SONG Xiong,LIN Xiao-miao.

2015, 23(10):  1106-1108.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-31

Asbtract ( )   PDF (654KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the effect of conductive education combined with auditory integration training on mental retardation (MR) in preschool children. Methods A total of 61 preschool children with MR were randomly divided into two groups.In control group,the children were assigned to receive family training at home,such as sensory integration,living skills and social adaptation ability training.In treatment group,the children received family training and a comprehensive rehabilitation treatment of conductive education combine with auditory integration.Curative effects were compared with after six months treatment between treatment group and control group. Results The total efficiency was 96.77% in treatment group and 70.00% in control group.After the intervention,the intelligence quotient (IQ) in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).And the IQ difference before and after intervention in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Conductive education combine with auditory can improve the intellectual development and elevation more significantly in preschool children with mental retardation than only received family training at home.

Changes in nutritional status of serum vitamin A and serum iron content before and after the treatment of children with pneumonia.

LI Li,XUE Ji-hong,REN Hua.

2015, 23(10):  1111-1113.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-33

Asbtract ( )   PDF (473KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the changes in nutritional status of serum vitamin A and serum iron content before and after the treatment of children with pneumonia,which would provide a new idea for clinical treatment of them. Methods A total of 80 children with pneumonia hospitalized were selected in our department,and were divided into conventional treatment group and vitamin A treatment group.While 30 health check-up children were selected as the control group,respectively detect the levels of retinol binding protein and serum iron content,within 24 hours after admission,10 days after drug treatment.The control group was detected on the day of physical examination,the detection results were compared among 3 groups. Results The retinol binding protein and serum iron content of all pneumonia children within 24 hours after admission was significantly lower than those of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Compared the conventional treatment group with the vitamin A treatment group,the difference of retinol binding protein and serum iron content were not statistically significant (P>0.05).10 days after drug treatment,the levels of retinol binding protein and serum iron content were increased significantly of all pneumonia children,but there were statistically significant between the conventional treatment group and the control group (P<0.05),and there were no statistically significant between the vitamin A treatment group and the control group(P>0.05). Conclusion There are significant vitamin A deficiency and serum iron content decreased in acute term of pneumonia,with pneumonia is improved,the lever of vitamin A and serum iron content gradually rise.There is a certain relationship between vitamin A deficiency and the occurrence and development of pneumonia,the vitamin A supplement should be noted in the course of treatment of pneumonia.

Combined effect of health guidance and family care in improving efficacy and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy.

LIANG Qiu-ye,QIN hua-tao.

2015, 23(10):  1114-1116.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-34

Asbtract ( )   PDF (466KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To research the combined effect of health guidance and family care in rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy (CP),in order to provide reference for improving the therapeutic effect and the life quality in children with CP. Methods A total of 120 children with CP,who had rehabilitation therapy in outpatient rehabilitation from January 2012 to January 2014,were retrospectively enrolled in the present study.All the children with CP were divided into observation group(60 cases ) and control group(60 cases).Children in control group were given routine rehabilitation,observation group developed family education and rehabilitation on the basis of routine rehabilitation.The families emotional response,rehabilitation treatment adherence and therapeutic effect of two groups were compared through the education guidance combined with family rehabilitation.A self-designed questionnaire,Trait Coping Questionnaire (TCSQ) and GMFM88 Term Gross Motor Function Assessment Form were used in this study. Results No statistical differences in positive coping (PC) and negative coping (NC) score of families TCSQ before health education in the two groups (P>0.05).But after health education,there were statistical differences in positive coping (PC) and negative coping (NC) score of families TCSQ,and family rehabilitation treatment adherence (P＜0.05).No significant difference in the evaluation score of the two group of children with CP after the first course of treatment.The observation group got a higher evaluation scores compared with the control group at the end of the second and third course,respectively.After all of the three courses of treatment,statistically significant differences in the total effective rate and the effective rate between the two groups were showed.There was 97% of total effective rate and 25% of effective rate in the observation group,but 86.6% of total effective rate and only 8.3%of effective rate in the control group. Conclusions With the help of combination of healthy guidance and family rehabilitation mode,the rehabilitation treatment compliance can be improved,so that can promote the children rehabilitation effect and improve the quality of life in children with CP.

Study on body length-chest circumference index of newborns in different gestational age of Shenzhen City,China.

HUANG Xiao-yun,LIU Hui-long.

2015, 23(10):  1117-1120.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-10-35

Asbtract ( )   PDF (575KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To create body length-chest circumference index of newborns in different gestational age,and to provide a reference data for fetal growth evaluation. Methods By cross-sectional time cluster sampling fact-finding investigation method,the data of 8 357 newborns of Shenzhen Bao'an Maternal and and Child Health Care Hospital (2005-2006) were carried out the site measurements for birth weight,length,sitting height,head and chest circumference,create body length-chest circumference index. Results 1)The gender-specific body length-chest circumference index (BCI),Ververck index (VI) and Elisma index (EI)(x-±s) of newborns in different gestational age (28~44 weeks) were created on Shenzhen City (2005).The BCI,VI and EI were increased with gestational age,indicating that the gestational age increased the body density and enrichment degree.2)BCI and VI of male were lower than those of female.The male fullness and thorax developments were lower than female.EI was higher for female before 34 weeks at birth,but higher for male after 35 weeks.There was an obvious gender-specific difference.3)The plata of Shenzhen (2005 ) compared with Chinese 15 city (1986),the BCI mean of 35~43 weeks newborn had great increased.There was an obvious time period growth trends (P＜0.001). Conclusions The BCI,VI and EI of newborns in different gestational age are increased with gestational age.BCI and VI show differences of male lower than female.There is an obvious gender-specific difference.There is an obvious time period growth trends on BCI of different gestational age newborn of our country.