Table of Content

01 January 2016, Volume 24 Issue 1

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Pilot study on the correlation between maternal misperceptions of their preschool child's weight status and their feeding practice.

CHEN Chu-lin,SONG Dao-ping,KONG De-hui,DING Ye,LI Fang-fang,ZHU Da-qiao.

2016, 24(1):  4-7.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-02

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Objective s To analyze the impact of maternal misperceptions of their preschool child's weight status on their feeding practice,and to provide theoretical support for new interventions regarding parents to take reasonable feeding practices. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 250 mothers of preschool-aged children from two kindergartens at Pudong new area of Shanghai was conducted by using the questionnaire,which included social-demographic characteristics,perceived weight status of child and maternal feeding practice. Results 53.54% of the investigated mothers perceived their child's weight status correctly,and mothers who underestimated their children's weight status were much more than those who overestimated the weight status.In the group of normal-weight children,mothers who perceived their child's weight correctly were more likely to concern about children weight (t=3.793,P=0.000,β=0.435);In the group of overweight children,mothers who underestimated their child's weight status were unlikely to concern about their child's weight,and were more likely to force their child to eat instead of monitoring their child's eating (concern about overweight,t=2.823,P=0.008,β=0.681;monitoring,t=2.142,P=0.039,β=0.539;pressure to eat,t=-2.006,P=0.052,β=-0.376). Conclusions The accuracy of mothers' perceptions of their child's weight status is poor,and a tendency to underestimation of the preschool child's weight status is identified.Maternal misperceptions of their child's weight status might cause mothers to take improper feeding practice.

Reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire developed for children and adolescents in Beijing.

WANG Wen-peng,CHENG Hong,ZHAO Xiao-yuan,ZHANG Mei-xian,CHEN Fang-fang,HOU Dong-qing,MI Jie.

2016, 24(1):  8-11.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-03

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Objective To evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among children and adolescents in Beijing. Methods A total of 130 school children and adolescents aged 10~17 years old were enrolled in Beijing,China.Two FFQ surveys and four 24-hour recalls were collected over a 6-month period.Reproducibility was evaluated by comparing two FFQ surveys; validity was evaluated by comparing the 24-hour recalls against FFQ data. Results Except for protein,phosphorus and zinc,intakes of the other nutrients were not significantly different between two FFQs (P>0.05).Nutrient intakes between two FFQs showed positive correlation (P<0.01).Pearson correlations ranged from 0.32 (for calcium) to 0.52 (for zinc);and better in girls than in boys (0.49 vs 0.32).Regarding the FFQ's validity,nutrient intakes from FFQs were greater than 24-hour recalls (P<0.01).After adjusted for total energy and intra-individual variation,all nutrient intakes showed positive correlation (P<0.05),and the correlations became stronger.The adjusted correlations ranged from 0.27 (for vitamin A) to 0.53 (for zinc),with a mean of 0.38.For quartiles of the intakes,rates of FFQs and 24-hour recalls agreement were between 66.2% (for vitamin E and calcium) and 79.2% (for iron),and misclassification to an extreme quartile was low (6.2%). Conclusions The reproducibility and validity of the FFQ are modest and acceptable.It is feasible to use FFQ to assess the target population's dietary intakes.

Study on relationship between nutritional quality and psychological health of left-behind children in rural areas of Xuzhou city.

SHEN Ling-yu,XU Ji-cheng,WANG Feng,XUE Jing,HUANG Shao-hua,ZHANG Xiao-li,CAO Li-na.

2016, 24(1):  12-14.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-04

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Objective To research the relationship between nutritional quality and psychological health of left-behind children in rural areas of Xuzhou city,and to take comprehensive measures and improve rural left-behind children nutritional quality and psychological health level. Method A total of 203 left-behind children and 572 un-left-behind children were investigated with Nutrition Education Comprehensive Evaluation Questionnaire and Mentality Health Test (MHT) scale. Results Nutritional quality and psychological health of left-behind children were poorer than those of un-left-behind children (P<0.05),girls' score of nutritional quality was higher than boys' (P<0.001),secondary school group scored significantly higher in nutritional quality than primary school group (P<0.001).Psychological health of left-behind children were correlated with nutritional quality (r=0.001~0.321),dietary behavior and social aspects. Conclusions Nutritional quality and psychological health of left-behind children are pessimistic in rural areas of Xuzhou city.There are internal consistency between nutritional quality and psychological health,so strengthen level of psychological health needs to improve level of nutritional quality at the same time.

Study on effect of assistant weaning intervention for infants with nutritional anemia in China north rural area.

ZHANG Shu-yi,LI Ye,SUN Xing-lei,ZHANG Hai-feng,MA Yu-xia,ZHU Zong-han,ZHANG Ting.

2016, 24(1):  15-18.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-05

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Objective To explore the effects of assistant wean feeding interventions on anemic infants of 6 to 11 months age to increase hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and anemia-correct. Methods A total of 223 nutritional anemic children of 6~11 months age were enrolled and assigned to intervention group (n=136) and control group (n=87),and completed the whole 12 months of investigation.Besides 3 months of iron supplement for all children,intervention group provided wean feeding counselling for caregivers once a month by village health workers conducting.The effect was evaluated via Hb and feeding practices indicators (WHO 2008 version) during follow up at 1,3 and 12 months. Results The main effects of Hb increasing in the two groups were (14.85±14.85)g/L (P=0.000) vs (8.07±12.90)g/L (P=0.000) in 3 months,and (17.17±16.44)g/L (P=0.000) and (5.77±13.87)g/L (P=0.000) in 12 months,the differences between two groups were significant (P=0.002,P=0.000).The proportion of anemia-corrected in the two groups were 52.2% and 32.3% (P=0.004) in 3 months,56.6% and 31.0% (P=0.001) in 12 months.RR of experimental intervention on children's anemia-correction was 1.62 in 3 months and 1.83 in 12 months,while the AR was 19.9% and 25.6% respectively. Conclusion This study implies effects on Hb increasing and anemia correction for nutritional anemic infants in weaning period via feeding counselling in China rural areas,which could consolidate and strengthen the short-term and long-term effect of iron supplement.

Polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene Bsm I and Fok I of the Han nationality children in Shenzhen city.

WANG Yue-juan,LU Yan-qiang,LI Hui-juan,LI Ying,ZHU Ping,CHEN Chun-bao.

2016, 24(1):  19-21.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-06

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Objective To explore the polymorphism distribution of vitamin D receptor(VDR)gene Bsm I and Fok I in Han nationality children in Shenzhen,improve the compliance of children's scientific calcium and promote children's growth and development. Methods A total of 233 Han nationality children were recruited and collected oral epithelial cells.Genome DNA for fluorescence quantitative PCR to detect SNPs of Bsm I and Fok I were extracted.The Results were compared with the distribution frequencies of Bsm I and Fok I in other regions. Results The frequencies of Bsm I ( bb,Bb,BB ) in Han nationality children were 88.4%,11.6%,0 in Shenzhen,respectively.The frequency of Fok I ( ff,Ff,FF ) in Han nationality children were 18.6%,52.0%,29.4% in Shenzhen respectively. Conclusion Bsm I and Fok I polymorphism distribution in Han nationality children of Shenzhen city exhibit the own characteristics.

Study on pressure pain threshold in 135 growing pains preschool children.

LI Fan-ling,ZHANG Hui-jia,LI Xin,SHI Tao,FANG Ke,LIU Hong,
WEN Jie,ZENG Ming,TANG Zhong-wen,CAO Shu.

2016, 24(1):  22-25.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-07

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Objective To investigate the difference of lower pain threshold between children with and without growing pains,and to provide evidence for the mechanism research of growing pain. Methods The pain threshold of 135 children,aged 3~7 years old with growing pains and 133 controls were measured by use of a dolorimeter with pressure applied to lower limbs associated with the usual region of pain in children with growing pains.Non-parametric rank test and Chi-square tests were used to compare the pain threshold and number of tender points in patients and controls. Results The pain thresholds in lateral epicondyle of femurus,medial condyle of tibia,lateral condyle of tibia and medial patella in children were clower than those of control group(P<0.05);children with growing pains had a significantly greater number of tender point on lateral epicondyle of femurus,medial condyle of tibia,lateral condyle of tibia and medial patella in response to an applied pressure below 3 kg/cm²(P<0.05). Conclusion Children with growing pains are more likely to feel pain in knee joint,and appear correspondent clinic sign.

Effect of mental abacus calculation training on spatial location of children:an event-related potential study.

GAO Wei-xing,SUN Yan-chao,LIU Xiao-qin,LI Xiu-yan.

2016, 24(1):  26-29.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-08

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Objective To explore the impact of abacus calculation on children's perception of the graphic location,to provide the evidence for mental abacus calculation training promoting brain function and mental abacus calculatio teaching. Method A sample of fourteen children trained with abacus mental calculation and fourteen children trained without abacus mental calculation were taken.The brain wave of the children was researched when they judged the graphic location by using the event related potential technique and recorded the amplitude and latent period. Results 1) The difference of the amplitude in two groups' right occipital temporal N170 was significant (F=10.51,P<0.05) and the amplitude of the later was higher.2) The difference of the amplitude of P2 emerging on the forehead was significant (F=5.09,P<0.05) and the data of the children who did not be trained was higher.3) The difference of P3 head latent period was significant (F=9.98,P<0.05) and the latency of the abacus calculation trained children was longer. Conclusion Abacus training has a certain impact on the children's perception of the graphic location.

Association between pubertal timing and body content and fat distribution among children in Zhengzhou.

WANG Xian,LOU Xiao-min,SUN Jing,ZHANG Yan-qin,GUO Wei-wei,LI Lan.

2016, 24(1):  30-32.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-09

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Objective To identify the association between pubertal timing and body fat content and distribution among children in Zhengzhou. Methods Using the cross-sectional survey method,7~18 years old students were selected from four urban schools and five rural schools.By means of physical examination and the examination of secondary sexual characteristics development,5 140 samples were available. Results The number of boys in early-timing pubertal group was 286(13.0%),and 1 052(47.9%) boys were grouped into on-time pubertal group.The number of girls in early-timing pubertal group and on-time pubertal group was 301(11.8%) and 1 174(46.2%),respectively.The overweight(with obesity) detection rate of boys in early-timing pubertal group was higher than that in on-time pubertal group (χ²=35.372,P＜0.001).The same was true of girls (χ²=31.485,P＜0.001).Body fat percentage and waist-hip ratio of boys and girls in early-timing pubertal group were higher than those in on-time pubertal group,the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion Excessive body fat content and body fat distribution are related to the early pubertal timing of children.

Research on vitamin D level of 0~7 years old children of Baoji.

GAO Gai-lan,LI Jie,TANG Shu-bin,LI Wei-na,YANG Yan,PAN Jian-ping.

2016, 24(1):  33-36.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-10

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Objective To study the serum 25(OH)D levels of 0~7 years old children in Baoji,and to provide a scientific basis for taking vitamin D reasonable. Methods A total of 1 874 patients in Children's Health Department of Baoji Second People's Hospital were selected from January 2011 to June 2014.1 005 were male,869 were female.Using the high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry which was international advanced methods,serum 25(OH)D levels were determined of all the children. Results 1)The average level of serum 25(OH)D in 0～7 years old children in Baoji was (21.02±13.27) ng/ml,there were 996 children (53.15%) lake of serum 25(OH)D,390 children (20.81%) shortage in serum 25(OH)D,the value of serum 25(OH)D in zero month children was minimum,that in 3 years old children was maximum.2)The level of serum 25(OH)D was in ascending order form downtown,Chen-cang area,surrounding counties and the field.3)The levels of serum 25(OH)D in summer and autumn were significantly higher than those in spring and winter,and children's deficiency rate and inadequate rate of serum 25(OH)D in summer and autumn were significantly lower than those in spring and winter.4)The values of serum 25(OH)D in overweight and non-overweight children were (24.67±10.61)ng/ml and (20.11±11.57)ng/ml,the values of serum 25(OH)D in obese and non-obese children were (25.37±10.25)ng/ml and (20.56±10.74)ng/ml,there were significant differences in the serum 25(OH)D content between the two groups.5)Here was no significant difference in the serum 25(OH)D content between different sex. Conclusion The general lack of serum 25(OH)D exists in 0~7 years old children in Baoji area,the positive and effective measures should be taken for vitamin D supplement in 0~7 years old children.

Effects of weanling zinc supplementation on insulin of rats after adulthood obesity induction.

WANG Xue-lian,ZHANG Yun-lei,JIANG Xin-zeng,Nuramine·Yusayyin,ZHU Yang,DING Hong.

2016, 24(1):  37-39.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-11

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Objective To investigate the effects of high zinc intake in early life on insulin levels in adulthood with high fat diet. Methods Totally 85 male SD weanling rats were randomly divided into basic diet group,high zinc group,medium zinc group and low zinc group.After 4 weeks,all rats were fed with basic diet for 1 week,then Fasting plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin were detected,and the insulin sensitively index were calculated.The basic diet group then were randomly divided into obesity induction group and normal control group.Three zinc supplementation groups and obesity induction group were fed with high fat diet for 8 weeks.All rats were then put to death,the above indicators were detected and calculated. Results After high fat intervention,1)the body weight of three zinc supplementation groups were significantly lower than that of obesity induction group (P＜0.05);2) fasting plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin of three zinc supplementation groups were significantly lower than those of obesity induction group (P＜0.05),and the insulin sensitively index was significantly higher (P＜0.05). Conclusion Appropriate zinc supplement in early life can play a continuous function,it can maintain the fasting plasma glucose and fasting insulin at normal levels to a certain extent after adulthood with high fat diet and prevent insulin resistance.

Research progress in the association of milk fat globule membrane with infants’ brain development and health

ZHANG Bo, SU Yi-xiang, YANG Yu-feng

2016, 24(1):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-13

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Case-control study of association between obesity and asthma incidence in children.

CHEN Zhi,ZOU Qing.

2016, 24(1):  54-56.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-16

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Objective To explore the association between obesity and astnma in children of Chongqing city. Methods This case-control study included 360 (120 asthmatic children and 240 healthy children) aged 6~13 years old.Anthropometric measures and blood samples for analysis of metabolic factors were determined and compared between the two groups. Results Body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with current asthma (t=8.64,P=0.000).Exposure to secondhand smoking was significantly associated with asthma among obesity children (χ²=7.38,P=0.007).Total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels,C- reactive protein (CRP) levels were all increased progressively in the asthmatics group and obese asthmatics group than control( all P<0.05). Conclusion Higher BMI,elevated serum lipid and CRP levels are associated with increased incident risk of asthma in children.

Awareness of childhood obesity and its related diseases in Shanghai parents:a cross-sectional study.

FENG Hai-xia,WAN Yan-ping,ZHOU Yi-quan,XU Ren-ying,ZHANG Xiao-min,LU Li-ping,
CHEN Zhi-qi,WU Ying-jie,JIANG Ying,TAN Tao,TANG Mo-lian.

2016, 24(1):  57-60.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-17

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Objective To understand the awareness of childhood obesity and its related disease in parents from Gaohang town,Shanghai. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in five schools in Gaohang town in 2013.Physical examination and liver ultrasoundgraphy were made for 2 047 students entered this study.Furthermore,a self-completed questionnaire was also made in parents. Results The rank of well known diseases related with childhood obesity were non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),high blood pressure,precocious puberty,abnormal blood glucose,obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS),joint pain respectively in the views of parents.And the reasons for childhood obesity were unreasonable diet,less exercise,genetic factors,other disease,psychological factors respectively in the view of parents.According to the survey,more than half of 595 overweight children's parents underestimated the children's weight status.Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that parents of overweight children were more prone to underestimate the weight compared with the obese children's parents(OR=5.44,95%CI:3.75~7.90,P<0.001).Likewise,it was similar Results when compared parents whose children without obesity related diseases with parents whose children with obesity related diseases(OR=2.03,95%CI:1.40~2.97,P<0.001).Interestingly,parents without chronic diseases were easier to wrongly estimate their children's weight status compared to parents with chronic diseases(95%CI:1.20~7.90,P=0.004). Conclusions The parents are lack of the knowledge related with childhood obesity.They are prone to underestimate the weight status of the overweight or obese children.

Prevalence and associated factors of anemia for children aged 6~23 months in Zhao county,Hebei province.

ZHANG Yan-feng,YU Yang,LIU Cai-fang,WANG Xian-hua,WANG Wei,WU Qiong,
ZHANG Shu-yi,LI Ye,CHEN Li,ZHANG Ting.

2016, 24(1):  61-64.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-18

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Objective To determine the prevalence and associated factors of anemia for children aged 6~23 months in Zhao county and provide evidence for intervention. Methods Participants were children aged 6~23 months in rural Zhao county.All 16 townships were included and 160 villages were randomly selected using Proportional to Population Size (PPS) method according to villages' population.In each village,7 children were randomly selected.The questionnaires were adapted from Maternal,Newborn and Child Health Household Survey tool by the World Health Organization and a smartphone software was used for data collection.Hemoglobin,serum ferritin and C-reaction protein were measured. Results The concentration of hemoglobin for 1 109 children averaged (106.0±14.0) g/L,and anemia prevalence was 55.9%.The anemia prevalence was significantly different among age groups,with 9~11 months being the highest (72.7%) and 18~20 months being the lowest (41.4%).Mild,moderate and severe anemia accounted for 78.4%,20.0% and 1.6% respectively.The median of serum ferritin for 290 children was 7.35 g/L,and the prevalence of iron deficiency was 93.5%.Male,9~11 months,cesarean section,not weaning,not eating iron-rich food or iron medication and lass than recommended dietary frequency were more likely to be anemic. Conclusions The prevalence of children age 6~23 months is very high and most of them are mild anemia and iron deficiency anemia.Inappropriate feeding is an important factors associated with anemia,therefore,effective measures are needed to improve the feeding practice of caregivers and hence to reduce the prevalence of anemia.

Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue on relationship between somatotropin axis function and growth velocity of girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty.

LIN Cui-lan,WEI Wan-jian,HE Wan-yi,LIU Yu-ling.

2016, 24(1):  65-67.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-19

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Objective To recognize the effects and relationship between somatotropin axis function and growth velocity in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa),and provide a theoretical basis for new treatments to cure growth deceleration after GnRHa therapy. Methods A total of 27 girls with ICPP treated with GnRHa were studied prospectively.Their height,bone age (BA),serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations at the beginning and the end of one year of GnRHa treatment were measured.The standard deviation scores (SDSs) of their height,BA,IGF-I,and IGFBP-3 concentrations according to their age at the beginning and the end of one year of GnRHa treatment were calculated. Results After one-year GnRHa treatment,height SDS for CA(HtSDSCA) significantly decreased from 1.03±0.74 to 0.83±0.73 (P<0.001),but height SDS for BA(HtSDSBA) increased from (-0.56±0.78) to (-0.26±0.65) (P<0.001).There was no significant change in serum IGF-I SDS,IGFBP-3 SDS,and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio(P>0.05).The advanced BA was the factor most strongly correlated to the height velocity (R=0.291,P<0.05). Conclusions There is no significant change in serum IGF-I SDS,IGFBP-3 SDS,and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio after GnRHa treatment.The height velocity affected by GnRHa treatment may due to other mechanism than suppression of the IGF-I secretory axis.

Investigation on the infection of helicobacter pylori in preschool children in Suzhou.

SONG Yuan,XU Yue-e,GAO Xin,WU Li,LI Shu-xiang,WANG Xian-ping.

2016, 24(1):  68-71.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-20

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Objective To realize the situation of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in preschool children in Suzhou and provide the technical support and theoretical basis of clinical for children health service. Methods Basic informations of 204 preschool children through questionnaires were collected.The children were given a physical examination to acquire height,weight,hemoglobin index,oral caries situation,and detected of Hp infection in oral and stomach by using ¹³C-urea breath test(¹³C-UBT) and HP saliva test kit (HPS). Results In total 204 cases,children with ¹³C-UBT positive were 37 cases (18.13%,19 male,18 female);HPS positive were 158 (77.45%,84 male,74 female);and both ¹³C-UBT and HPS positive were 28 cases (13.72%,14 male,14 female).There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between each gender.The rate of oral HP infection was significantly higher than that of the stomach HP infection (P<0.01),the coincidence between ¹³C-UBT and HPS was 31.86%.Oral HP infected children's parents had more stomach problems than those without disorder of stomach (P<0.01).The relationship between Oral HP infection and dental caries was not statistically significant (P>0.05).There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in height,weight and hemoglobin between infected and uninfected children. Conclusion The rate of preschool children's oral infection is significantly higher than that of the stomach infection in Suzhou.Children whose parents had a history of stomach disorder have a higher incidence on the prevalence of their children's oral HP.Discovering HP infection early and accurately and taking positive and effective interventions can reduce the occurrence of diseases caused by HP infection.

Clinical application of the nutritional risk screening and nutrition assessment in critically ill children.

ZHOU Fang,LI Xiao-qin.

2016, 24(1):  72-74.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-21

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Objective To investigate the nutritional risk and malnutrition occurrence,and to provide clinical basis for nutrition support in critically ill children. Method Nutritional risk screening tool STRONG kids was applied to 326 cases of critically ill children with nutritional risk screening,and physical measurement assessed children's nutritional status. Results All patient's assessments of nutritional risk screening were completed.The incidences of nutritional risk and malnutrition was 51.53% (168 cases)and 23.01% (75 cases) respectively.Digestive disease occurred with severe nutritional risk and malnutrition was far higher than other diseases (P<0.05).According to pediatric critical illness score(PCIS) criteria,three groups including extremely critical group (≤70 scores),critical group(71~80 scores),and non-critical group(81~100 scores) were recruited.The detection rate of nutritional risk in the extremely critical group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups(P<0.01). Conclusions Nutritional risk and malnutrition are common among critically ill children.STRONGkids is a valid tool and recommended for nutritional risk screening in critically ill children and early nutrition support.

Malnutrition status of children aged 6~23 months in poor rural counties in Yunnan province.

TANG Yan-bin,SUN Jing,HUO Jun-sheng,SUN Yan-chun,ZHANG Yu-ju,QIAO Li-mei,WANG Er-rui.

2016, 24(1):  75-77.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-22

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Objective To understand nutrition and growth status of infants aged 6~23 months in two of poorer counties,Lanping county and Heqing county in Yunnan province. Methods An observation was conducted by measurements of questionnaires,anthropometriy and hemoglobin concentration with 642 infants aged 6~23 months sampled by a stratification method.HAZ,WAZ and WHZ were calculated with WHO standards and the data was analyzed by software SPSS 17.0. Results Only less than 6% of nursing mothers fed their baby within 1 h,and the breastfeeding rate was 72.1% in Lanping and Heiqing counties.The stunting prevalence of infants aged 6~23 months in the counties was 14.2%,the underweight prevalence was 7.9% and the wasting prevalence was 5.1%,which the overall Results were lower than the 2002 poverty level in rural areas.Meanwhile,the stunting prevalence was significantly different among the three age groups,and the severe wasting and underweight still existed in various age groups,which had some impact on the caregiver's educational level.The anemia prevalence was 35.2%,which was lower than the Results (45.9%) in central and western regions of 46 counties.In addition,the anemia prevalence of infants aged 6~11 months was higher than that of the other two age groups,and with increasing age,that showed a gradual decreasing trend. Conclusions The Results indicate that the malnutrition of infants aged 6~23 months in the two poor counties in Yunnan province is high.There needs comprehensive intervention measures to improve the nutrition and health status of the infant in the region.

Application of symbolic play test on clinical evaluation for children with abnormal language development.

CUI Ji-hua,ZHANG Yi-wen,HUANG Min-hui,YAN Jv-hua.

2016, 24(1):  78-80.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-23

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Objective To explore value of symbolic play test for assessment of children's language development,and to promote children's language development and provide proof for the formulation of language therapy treatment goals. Methods A total of 263 children were divided into four groups .All children were evaluated by symbolic play test (SPT),Gesell developmental scale,the infant screening scale of language development,and autism behavior checklist (ABC). Results The development age in symbolic play test was all less than chronological age in four groups.Along with age increasing,the gap between development age and chronological age became grow.Partial correlation analysis showed that positive correlations existed between symbolic play test raw score and developmental quotients in four areas of Gesell developmental scale and the infant screening scale of language development,negative correlations existed between the symbolic play test raw score and the total score of ABC. Conclusions Symbolic play test Results can prompt concept formation for children with abnormal early language development,use easiest way to deal with symbols,express the life experience and ability to imagine,help identify different causes of abnormal language development,promote children's language development and provide proof for the formulation of language therapy treatment goals.

Study on the prevalence of anemia condition and its impact factors relating to complementary food consumed among the 6-month-old infants.

HUANG Jun,LI Yun,ZHANG Ying,ZHANG Yue,KANG Shu-rong,CHEN Min,YAO Yi.

2016, 24(1):  81-83.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-24

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Objective s To study the association between the prevalence of anemia condition and the impact factors relating to complementary food consumed among the 6-month-old infants,and to provide the basis for the formulation of health care strategy. Methods The full term infants with hemoglobin Results at 6-month-old were recruited.They resided in Minhang district and took physical health care services at primary health care centers.Feeding patterns,types of complementary food,physical growth condition,diseases condition were surveyed. Results The prevalence rate among the infants without complementary food consumed was higher,and there were no significant differences between the infant groups with different feeding patterns.Odd ratio of complementary food consumed more than 2 types group towards infant anemia was 50% higher than the only one type group.Baby boy,baby of nonlocal household register,birth weight lower than 2 500g or higher than 4 000g,without egg yolk consumed,without any complementary food consumed were the risk factors of infant anemia. Conclusion Knowledge and practice relating to infant complementary food consumed are supposed to be taught among the parents,especially for those whose babies have been diagnosed with infant anemia.More types of complementary food consumed can also lower the risk of infant anemia happened.

Analysis of the situation of lipid levels among in the pupils of Hui and Han ethnic groups in Yinchuan.

WU Wan-jun,ZHAO Rui,WU Wen-jun,TIAN Yan-jun,ZHAO Hai-ping.

2016, 24(1):  84-85.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-25

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Objective To discuss the differences of lipid levels between Hui and Han ethnicity students in the downtown of Yinchuan,and provide a basis data for students of different ethnic groups to prevent cardiovascular disease. Methods In September 2013,7~12 years old children were randomly selected from three primary schools of Yinchuan using stratified cluster sampling method,the students' fasting blood were collected,and measured plasma lipid indicators including total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein protein cholesterol (HDL-C). Results 1)The dyslipidemia detection rate of 1 403 students was 28.2%,the dyslipidemia detection rates of Hui and Han were 37.8% and 24.6% respectively,Hui was significantly higher than Han (P<0.01);About the detection rate of abnormal plasma lipid of Hui and Han students,differences of the LDL-C and HDL-C abnormal rates were statistically significant (P<0.01),Hui was higher than the Han.2)Comparison of different ethnic groups of the same sex lipid levels,except the TG,the remaining three' differences in the boys were statistically (P<0.01),Hui's TC and HDL-C levels were lower,and LDL-C level was higher than Han's.And in the girls,four lipid levels were significantly different (P<0.05),Hui's TG,TC and HDL-C levels were lower than Han's,and LDL-C level was higher than Han's.3)Comparison of the same ethnic groups of different sex,in addition to the Han between male and female students,difference of TG,HDL-C had statistically significant (P<0.05),the remain differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion The detection rate of dyslipidemia is different among students of Hui and Han,and we should consider the impact of different ethnic genetic factors and lifestyle to prevent and treat dyslipidemia of children in the area.

Prevalence and influence factors analysis of obesity among the preschool children aged 3 to 6 years old in rural areas of Zhengzhou.

ZHANG Jun,LIU Jian-tao,YANG Guo-jun,LI Yan.

2016, 24(1):  86-88.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-26

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Objective To understand the prevalence of obesity among the preschool children aged 3 to 6 years old in rural areas of Zhengzhou,analyze the realted influence factors,and to put forward the effective control measures. Method A total of 1 042 children aged 3～6 years old were selected from 6 kindergartens in rural areas of Zhengzhou by stratified cluster sampling,and investigated with questionnaire and physical measurement. Results The boy's prevalence rate was 6.94%,the girls was 4.08%,the average obesity rate was 5.66%.There was significant difference in prevalence rate between boys and girls(χ²=3.964,P<0.05),the obesity rate of boys was higher than that of girls,parents' BMI influenced their children's body.Multivariable logistic regerssion analysis showed that risk factors included mother was overweight or obese(OR=3.674),heavy birth weight(OR=2.987),the high frequency of meat food intake(OR=2.313),eating fast(OR=1.736),protective factors included mother with high education level (OR=0.762),breast feeding(OR=0.783),reasonable exercise time(OR=0.640). Conclusions Preschool children's obesity rate in rural areas of Zhengzhou has been close to the level of some city of Henan.Obesity is the result of various factors,comprehensive measures of prevention is should be taken.

Oral feeding performance and its influencing factors in premature infants.

MA Lan,JIANG Pan-hua,TAO Ya-qin,LING Hui.

2016, 24(1):  89-92.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-27

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Objective To evaluate the influencing factors of oral feeding performance in premature infants. Methods Totally 103 premature infants with oral feeding problems hospitalized in the department of newborn infants were into the experiment group.The postmenstrual age (PMA) and the total intake volume were recorded.Then,Neonatal Medical Index (NMI) and Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) were applied to assess oral feeding performance in premature infants.Moreover,feeding efficiency,feeding proficiency,oral intake of milk than feeding,the progress and performance of oral feeding,the daily increase in weight,the time of body weight regain,the time of assisted ventilation and length of hospital stay were calculated. Results The means of efficiency,proficiency,and consumed at initiation of oral feeding were (4.599±2.555)ml/min,(63.209±30.086)%,(67.808±29.692)%,respectively.A Logistic regression analysis applied to determine factors affecting feeding performance indicated that birth gestational age(OR=5.251,P=0.017),oral motor skills in normal and disorganized categories(OR=3.516,P=0.002)(OR=0.308,P=0.025),and feeding readiness behaviors(OR=0.091,P=0.049)had statistically significant impacts on feeding performance. Conclusions The premature infants with small gestational age at birth,bad oral motor skills,and no feeding readiness behaviors demonstrated poor oral feeding performance.Nurses should take timely risk assessment and interventions to effectively improve their oral feeding performance.

Analysis of physical examination results from children entering kindergarten in Xicheng district,Beijing in 2014.

GU Li-jin,CHEN Hui-yan,JIA Yan-hong.

2016, 24(1):  93-95.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-28

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Objective To understand the growth and development condition of children entering kindergartens in Xicheng district,to analyze the main health problems of them,and to provide basis for improving their health levels. Method With cluster sampling method,children entering kindergarten who performed physical examination in Xicheng Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from June 1th to September 1th,2014 were selected. Results The rates of stunting,low weight and wasting were respectively 0.19%,0.60% and 1.79%,with above the average of Beijing.The incidences of overweight and obesity were high,being 8.94% and 4.25% respectively,with higher incidence in boys than in girls.The rate of mild anemia in children was 2.39%. Conclusion The status of physical growth among children entering kindergarten is satisfied on the whole,but malnutrition,over-nutrition and anemia in children still exist,so nutrition problems should not be ignored.

Analysis and countermeasure study on the physical examination results of preschool and kindergarten children.

JING Xin-miao,ZHANG Li-mei,PAN Cheng-cheng.

2016, 24(1):  96-98.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-29

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Objective To investigate the health status and promote improvements of preschool and kindergarten children. Method Data analysis on the physical examination Results of preschool and kindergarten children were analysed in Beibei district from 2012 to 2014. Results In Beibei district,more than 98.93% preschool and kindergarten children reached the qualified rates of children's height and weight.The incidences of emaciation,underweight and growth retardation were 0.83%,0.68%,0.95% respectively and was declining.The rates of obesity,tooth decay and poor vision increased to 6.04%,57.72% and 29.33% respectively in 2014 from 5.15%,31.67% and 24.03% in 2012.The incidences of underweight,growth retardation,tooth decay and anaemia of children in private nurseries were significantly higher than those of public kindergartens.The rates of obesity and overweight of children in public kindergartens were significantly higher than those of private preschools,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).Boys had higher rates of obesity and overweight than girls (P<0.01).While,the incidences of dental caries,poor vision and nutritional anemia of girls were higher than boys with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusions Preschool and kindergarten children in Beibei district are in good health.The incidences of overweight and obesity,dental caries,poor vision are unoptimistic.The focus of the health management of preschool and kindergarten children in Beibei district should be on the five sense organs.For MCH institutions,supervision on the health-care of private nurseries should be intensified.

Analysis of bone mineral density of 2 083 infants aged 0~3 years old.

ZHANG Ying,SHEN Ming-qiang.

2016, 24(1):  99-100.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-30

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Objective To analyse the Results of bone mineral density( BMD) of 0~3 years old infants in different ages and gender and to provide evidence for the prevention of insufficient BMD. Methods A total of 2 083 healthy children were enrolled in the study.All the infants were tested the z scores of the middle point at the tibia with ultrasound techniques.The Z scores and BMD were compared according the ages and gender. Results Z scores in male were significantly much higher than those in female.The incidence of insufficient BMD in males was significantly lower than that in females (P<0.05).The Z scores of BMD decreased with ages.There was significant difference in different ages(all P<0.05). Conclusion The BMD Results of infants are influenced by ages and gender.Infants,especially below 6 months,need growth surveillance and the test of BMD periodically to prevent insufficient bone mineral density at later age.

Investigation on collective children's growth deviation in Yangzhong city from 2010 to 2014.

ZHU Hong-lian.

2016, 24(1):  101-102.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-31

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Objective To investigate the collective children's changes of deviation rate in growth in Yangzhong city in the past 5 years,find the problems existed in children health management and provide the base for making decision in children health care management. Methods The medical data of collective children's height and weight were evaluated from 2010 to 2014.Taking the WHO recommended weight for age,height for age,weight for height value of the 2006 edition as diagnostic criteria. Results The deviation rate in the past 5 years of collective children in Yangzhong city averaged 8.84%,11.10% for boys,6.56% for girls;Obese children examination rate was higher,up to 8.09%,the detection rate of malnutrition was 0.74%. Conclusion The deviation rate of collective children's growth in Yangzhong city is higher,taking effective and comprehensive actions is an important task of kindergarten health care.

Epidemiologic features and trends of infectious diseases in child care children in Jinan city from 2005 to 2014.

WANG Wei-ru,WANG Chuan,GENG Xing-yi,SUN Zhan.

2016, 24(1):  105-107.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-33

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Objective To explore the occurrence rule and epidemiologic feature of infectious diseases in child care children in Jinan from 2005 to 2014,provide the scientific basis for making the control strategies and measures of infectious diseases in preschools. Method The descriptive study was conducted to analyze the infectious diseases in preschools in Jinan during these periods. Results From 2005 to 2014,39 217 cases of 23 species of infectious diseases of child care children were reported,the average annual reported rate was 1 957.73/10⁵.69.15%(27 119/39 217) of total cases were enteric infectious diseases.The top five diseases were hand-foot-and-mouth disease,varicella,epidemic parotitis,scarlatina and bacillary dysentery which accounted for 96.95%.The cumulative peak of each year was from May to July. Conclusions The reported incidence shows a increasing tendency the prevention and control of enteric infectious diseases should be as the focus in preschools,strengthen surveillance and report of the infectious diseases among child care children especially in epidemic seasons.Strengthen health education work pertinently,do well in the morning and noon inspection to reduce the spread of diseases.

Effects of hand-arm bimanual intensive training on the children's upper limb function and ability of daily activity with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.

SUN Rui-xue,JIANG Zhi-mei,XU Lei,TANG Jing-hua,ZHU Lin.

2016, 24(1):  108-110.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-01-34

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Objective To watch the effects of Hand-arm Bimanual Intensive Training (HABIT) on the children's upper limb function and ability of daily activity with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Methods A total of 60 cases in children with hemiplegia type cerebral palsy were randomly divided into three groups:experimental A group (20 cases) and B group (20 cases) and control group (20 cases).On the basis of routine rehabilitation therapy,the control group accepted conventional OT treatment,the experimental test group treated by HABIT of 0.5 hours and 1 hour per day in experimental group A and B training intensity respectively.Three groups respectively had the upper limb skills Quality Test Scale (QUEST),Peabody Develop Getting Motor Scale-Fine Motor (PDMS-FM),Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) before treatment and the 8^th week and the 12^th week after treatment. Results The scores of QUEST,Peabody-FM and PEDI of all children after the 8^th week,the 12^th week treatment were better than those before treatment (P<0.05),the experimental groups were better than control group (P<0.05),the experimental group B was better than the experimental group A (P<0.05);The scores after treatment of experimental A and B groups all improved,but the score of the 12^th week after treatment and that of the 8^th week had no difference (P>0.05). Conclusion HABIT treatment on children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy upper limb dysfunction can effectively improve the structure and function of hand-arm,hands collaboration performance,ability of daily life activities,higher strength HABIT training have better effect,effect of the 8^th week treatment is most significantly improved.