Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been widely applied in the clinical treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and achieved good therapeutic effects. However, vascular restenosis caused by postoperative vascular remodeling still needs attention, which seriously affects the long-term efficacy of PCI. The prevention of vascular restenosis is of great significance for cardiovascular diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine natural products, with their characteristics of multiple targets, low toxicity and high safety, have attracted increasing attention in recent years. More and more studies have found that traditional Chinese medicine natural products have the effect of preventing and treating vascular restenosis and can effectively control its occurrence and development. This article reviews the effects and mechanisms of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and glycosides, polysaccharides and polyphenols and other traditional Chinese medicine natural products in preventing vascular restenosis, and analyzes and summarizes the differences in the effects and mechanisms of various natural products, providing new ideas for the development of safe and effective drugs to prevent vascular restenosis.