Table of Content

Volume 16 Issue 11
26 November 2011

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Verapamil enhanced the analgesic effect of ketamine in mice

WU Yu-qing, ZHOU Cheng-hua, ZHANG Yong

2011, 16(11):  1201-1204. 

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AIM: To observe the analgesic effects of ketamine combind with verapamil in mice.METHODS: 40 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal saline group (NS), ketamine group (K), verapamil group (V) and verapamil combind with ketamine group (V+K). The method of stretching induced by acetic acid was adopted. In another experiment, 40 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups above. The pain thresholds of mice to hot and ice water were observed through tail-flick experiment.RESULTS: Ketamine prolonged stretching latent time and reduced the stretching times. In addition, ketamine increased tail-flick pain threshold to hot or ice water. These analgesic effects of ketamine were markedly enhanced by verapamil.CONCLUSION: Verapamil can significantly enhance the analgesic effect of ketamine in mouse.

Characteristics of atrial electrical remodeling in rats induced by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

TANG Yi-qun, SUN Shu-juan, YIN Yue-miao, WANG Min-hui, HUANG Lu, SHAN Jiao-jiao

2011, 16(11):  1205-1209. 

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AIM: To investigate the characterisics of atrial electrical remodeling induced by atrial fibrillation(AF) at molecular level.METHODS: Male SD rats were randomized into 2 equal groups. Rats of control group were administrated physiological saline (i.v.) for 7 days. The others were injected ACh-CaCl₂ (i.v.) for 7 days. AF duration and ECG parameters were measured. On day 8, all rats were anesthetized and the atriums were immediately excised for measuring AERP, the expression of Kv 1.5, Kv4.2/4.3, FKBP12.6 and Cx40 protein were detected using western-blot.RESULTS: In model rats, AF duration continually increased from day 1 to day 7 with ACh-CaCl₂ administration. The AERP of model group was shorter than that of control group [(65.3±3.6) ms vs (82.3±0.6) ms; P<0.01]. Western-blot showed that in the atrium, Kv1.5 and Kv4.2/4.3 expression was down-regulated after 7 days of AF induction, model rats expressed lower levels of Cx40 (P<0.05, vs control) and FKBP12.6 (P<0.05, vs control).CONCLUSION: AF induced by Ach-CaCl₂ injection for 7 days, has a stable AF duration, a shortened AERP with atrium ion channel, connexin and calcium regulation protein down-expressed, all of which related closely to the clinical characterics associated with AF.

Experimental study of enhanced cytotoxicity of Gemcitabine to human pulmonary carcinoma PLA-801D cells by hyperthermia

SUN Sheng-jie, WU Zhi-yong, JIAO Shun-chang

2011, 16(11):  1210-1215. 

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AIM: To investigate the sensitivity of hyperthermia at different temperatures to Gemcitabine and its mechanism.METHODS: Growth inhibiting rates of human pulmonary giant cell carcinoma cells (PLA-801D) in simple thermotherapy group, simple chemotherapy group, combined thermotherapy and chemotherapy group were determined by MTT colorimetric assay. Changes in cell cycle after treatment with hyperthermia at 42 ℃ and Gemcitabine were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM).RESULTS: Hyperthermia at 42-43 ℃ suppressed the proliferation of PLA-801D cells (P<0.01). However, hyperthermia at 38-41 ℃ stimulated the proliferation of pulmonary carcinoma cells (P<0.01). Hyperthermia in combination with drugs could achieve best results, and the inhibitory rate was positively correlated with the change of temperature (r＝0.9683, P＝0.0001). Cell cycle analysis showed that the amplitude of cell cycles changed greatly after combined thermotherapy and chemotherapy.CONCLUSION: Simple hyperthermia should be applied in combination with chemotherapy. The higher the temperature of hyperthermia is, the better the effect of hyperthermia is, in the controlled range.

Effects of Notoginsenoside monomer R₁ on the expression of ERK1/2 in PASMCs

TANG Lan-lan, WANG Shu-jun, LI Guan-long, WANG Yuan-yuan, ZHOU Jun-hui, ZHAO Shan, LIU Ya-kun, WANG Wan-tie

2011, 16(11):  1216-1221. 

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AIM: To study the effect of monomer R₁ aleviating HHPV via MAPKs signal pathway.METHODS: To culture pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of male SD rats primarily, PASMCs were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group(N), hypoxia hypercapnia group(H), DMSO incubation group (H_D), R₁ groups(R₈, R₄₀, R₁₀₀). Incubated cells were collected. p-Erk1/2 was investigated through western blot, and ERK1 mRNA and ERK2 mRNA were detected via RT-PCR.RESULTS: The expretion of p-ERK protein was weak in the N group, and in R₈,R₄₀ and R₁₀₀ groups the level of p-ERK was reduced significantly(P＜0.01), declining mostly in R₈ group. The expretion of ERK1 mRNA and ERK2 mRNA was not obvious in N group, and comparing with H and H_D groups it markedly down-regulated in R₈, R₄₀ and R₁₀₀ groups(P＜0.01, P＜0.05), reaching its lowest point in R₈ group.CONCLUSION: ERK1/2 signal pathway may play an important role in HHPV in rat.The effect of R₁ on relaxing HHPV may be related to inhibiting expression of ERK1/2.

Phosphotyrosine phosphatase eta mediates somatostatin's inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation

XU Xiao-bing, ZHANG Xiao-hua, YANG Miao-fang, WU Xiao-wei, LI Min-li, ZHU Ren- min

2011, 16(11):  1222-1226. 

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AIM: To investigate the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase eta (PTPeta) in hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells and to explore its influence on the anti-proliferation effect of somatostatin on hepatocellular carcinoma cells.METHODS: The mRNA and protein expression of PTPeta in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC7721 cells were detected using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The alteration of expression after administration of octreotide was measured by PT-PCR. The effect of octreotide on proliferation of SMMC7721 cells with or without vanadate which was the inhibitor of PTPeta was evaluated by MTT.RESULTS: Immunofluorescence study revealed a mainly membrane distribution of PTPeta in SMMC7721 cells, RT-PCR study found the expression of PTPeta mRNA increased after administration of somatostatin. MTT study showed that somatostatin's anti-proliferation effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cells was antagonized by vanadate.CONCLUSION: PTPeta is expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, its expression is increased after administration of somatostatin, PTPeta mediated somatostatin's anti-proliferation effect on SMMC7721 cells.

Study on effects of novel cationic polymer nonviral vector-mediated wild-type p53 gene transfection in vitro

WANG Wei, WANG Yu, WANG Ruo-ning, XU Su-ying, DING Yang, ZHOU Jian-ping

2011, 16(11):  1227-1233. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of novel cationic polymer nonviral vector urocanic acid-modified chitosan (UAC)-mediated wild-type p53 (wt-p53) gene transfection in human hepatoma cell line HepG2 in vitro.METHODS: UAC packaged the plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-p53 (pEGFP-p53) to form the UAC/pEGFP-p53 complexes which transfected HepG2 cells, and the pEGFP-p53 contained a report gene of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a therapeutic gene of wt-p53. The GFP expression in cells was assayed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy to screen the optimum transfection conditions. The expression of p53 mRNA in cells was analyzed by RT-PCR, cell cycle arrest was assessed by flow cytometry, and the expression of p53 and its downstream cell cycle regulatory proteins was assayed by Western blot.RESULTS: Under the conditions of the low pH (pH=6.9), high N/P (N/P=30), and low chitosan molecular weight (20000), the optimum transfection effect of UAC/pEGFP-p53 complexes in HepG2 cells could be obtained; UAC-mediated wt-p53 gene transfection in cells resulted in the significant G₀/G₁ phase arrest, the obvious upregulation of p53 mRNA and p53/p21/Rb protein expression levels, and the obvious downregulation of cyclin D₁ and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 protein expression levels.CONCLUSION: Wt-p53 gene could be successfully transfected into HepG2 cells mediated by UAC, which induced cell cycle arrest of HepG2 cells.

Study of Prostat on SD rat with nonbacterial chronic prostatitis

YAN Han, ZHOU Li, LI Dong-mei, LIU Xiang-yun, SUN Zu-yue

2011, 16(11):  1234-1238. 

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AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Prostat on two kinds of nonbacterial chronic prostatitis.METHODS: Two kinds of non-bacterial chronic prostatitis models, including chemical and autoimmunity, were established by injecting carrageenan into the rat's prostate and intracutaneous injection protein respectively. The two models were respectively treated with Prostat consistent with clinical way, observed histopathology changes of prostate gland, testicle and epididymis, and sperm activity, hematology, blood serum biochemistry, hormone and prostate gland special antigen were detected.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the levels of serum Ca²⁺ and testosterone (T) in autoimmunity model after treated with Prostat were significant increased (P<0.05), and there were significant decreased (P<0.05) in white blood-cell count in the chemical model group after treated with Prostat. The histopathology changes of prostate in two models showed that congestion and edema reduced obviously.CONCLUSION: Prostat has an effect on the two models of nonbacterial chronic prostatitis, and the mechanism is different.

Protective effects of recombinant human interleukin 10 on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

SI Yu-long, ZHANG Wen-kai

2011, 16(11):  1239-1243. 

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AIM: To evaluate the protective effects of recombinant human interleukin 10 on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its possible mechanisms.METHODS: Rat models of lung ischemia-reperfusion were established by clamping of the left pulmonary arteries,left pulmonary veins and left main bronchus.72 healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: surgical control group (group Control),ischemia-reperfusion group(group IR) and recombinant human interleukin 10 pretreated group(group rhIL-10). Every group included 24 rats (8 rats at 45 min ischemia,60 min and 120 min reperfusion respectively).Rats were sacrificed at relative time point collecting the plasma and lung sample. The plasma contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and TNF-α were determined. Lung pathology were examined.RESULTS: The plasma content of MDA was not different statistically among three groups after 45 min of ischemia (P＞0.05).Both group IR and group rhIL-10 showed significantly increased MDA content relative to group Control, while group rhIL-10 was lower than that of group IR after 60 min of reperfusion and 120 min of reperfusion (P＜0.05). The plasma content of TNF-α in group IR was increasing significantly relative to group Control after 45 min of ischemia (P＜0.05). The content of TNF-α in group rhIL-10 was not different statistically compared with group Control (P＞0.05). Both group IR and group rhIL-10 showed significantly increased TNF-α content relative to group Control while group rhIL-10 was lower than that of group IR after 60 min of reperfusion and 120 min of reperfusion (P＜0.05). Pathological examination showed severe polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration with bleeding. Group IR was worse than group rhIL-10 on the pathological examination.CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with rhIL-10 protected the lungs against ischemia-reperfusion injury possibly by suppressing PMN infiltration,reducing production of oxygen radicals,inhibiting reacting of TNF-α.

Effects of isosorbide dinitrate on contractions of rat urine bladder destrusor in vitro

WANG Zhan-qing, WANG Jin-ping, XU Jing-feng, ZENG Ming, CHEN Yan

2011, 16(11):  1248-1251. 

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AIM: To investigate the dilation effect of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) on the rat urine bladder rings.METHODS: The values of the mean contraction tension, maximum amplitude and frequency of rat urine bladder rings were measured. The activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the content of nitric oxide (NO) were measured in the rat urine bladder tissue pre-incubated with ISDN (10^-4 mol/L) for 1 h.RESULTS: ISDN (10^-5 mol/L, 10^-4 mol/L) could inhibit the mean contractile tension, maximum amplitude and frequency of spontaneous rhythmic contractions of rat urine bladder pre-contracted with ACh (10^-4 mol/L). However, there was no significant change to the rings pre-contracted with KCl (4×10^-4 mol/L). And the activity of NOS and the content of NO were elevated in the rat urine bladder tissue pre-incubated with ISDN.CONCLUSION: ISDN can induce relaxation on rat isolated bladder detrusor muscle rings pre-contracted with ACh, and the mechanism is possibly related to the activation of the nitric oxide synthase and the elevation of NO level.

Effects of losartan on vascular tone of isolated thoracic aortic rings in rats

TIAN Jing, LV Ji-yuan, NIU Long-gang

2011, 16(11):  1252-1256. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of losartan on the reactivity of the aortic rings in male wistar rats.METHODS: The effects of losartan(3×10^-8-3×10^-5 mol/L) on rat isolated thoracic aortic rings' contraction induced by TXA₂ analog U46619(1 μmol/L) and KCl(60 mmol/L)were observed. In addition, the effect of the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME(0.1 mmol/L) and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin(1μmol/L) on losartan were observed.RESULTS: Losartan (3×10^-8-3×10^-5 mol/L) reduced the constriction induced by U46619(1 μmol/L) in a dose-dependent and endothelium-dependent manner. L-NAME(0.1 mmol/L)significantly shifted the concentration-response curves of losartan to the right. Indomethacin (1 μmol/L) did not change the relaxations of losartan. Losartan did not significantly affect the constriction induced by KCl(60 mmol/L).CONCLUSION: Losartan preferentially antagonizes contraction induced by U46619 in a dose-dependent and endothelium-dependent manner. The vasorelaxation of losartan is relevant to the production of nitrogen and not relevant to the production of prostaglandin.

A better method to test bacterial endotoxin in lentinan for injection with the specific Tachypleus Amebocyte Lysate (B,C factor)

YAO Xin-bao, TIAN Xiu-li, WEI Guo-yi

2011, 16(11):  1257-1259. 

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AIM: To study the effect of the method to test bacterial endotoxin in lentinan for injection with the specific tachypleus amebocyte lysate (B,C factor).METHODS: According to the bacterial endotoxin test approved by Chinese phamocopoeia 2005 edition, to test bacterial endotoxin in lentinan for injection with the specific tachypleus amebocyte lysate (B,C factor) and with tachypleus amebocyte lysate respectively.RESULTS: It was accurate, sensitive, and there was no false positive reaction to test bacterial endotoxin in lentinan for injection with the specific tachypleus amebocyte lysate (B,C factor).CONCLUSION: It is a better method with the specific tachypleus amebocyte lysate (B,C factor) to test bacterial endotoxin in lentinan for injection.

Somatostatin-induced hyperglycemia in case of diabetes and pharmacology analysis

WANG Jie-sheng, WANG Qin-xian, CHEN Fu-xin, LI Hong-chun, LUO Ke-xue

2011, 16(11):  1260-1263. 

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One patient of type 2 diabetes and intractable diarrhea was treated with somatostatin.Her glycemic control was good usually,but her blood glucose level significantly was increased during treatment.Considering somatostatin effect on blood glucose levels by inhibiting insulin and glucagon,it is recommended to use somatostatin with caution in patients with type 2 diabetes who treated with insulin secretagogues or good blood glucose control and hypoglycemia.It is needed to strengthen the monitoring of blood glucose during treated with somatostatin.

Comparison on multiple survival rates based on tied and heavy censoring data

LI Chan-juan, WANG Rui, JIANG Zhi-wei, XIA Jie-lai

2011, 16(11):  1266-1271. 

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Logrank test and Cox model were usually applied to compare multiple survival rates. A mistake maybe takes when data are tied or/and all data are censor. How to analyze these data is a problem. Based on a clinical trial example, Discrete, Breslow, Efron and Exact methods were discussed with tied data. Discrete method is best when time is discrete. Otherwise, Exact is best. In addition, data analysis with heavy censoring was explored. When one group is total censor Wald test is unreliable. However, LR test and Score test or logrank test is acceptable. Chi-square test is another choice to analyze survival rates with heavy censoring.

Determination of sidenafil concentration in human plasma by LC-MS/MS with internal standard method

DENG Xiao-lan, TAN Zhi-rong, CHEN Yao, LI Hui, WANG Yi-cheng, HUANG Qi, OUYANG Dong-sheng

2011, 16(11):  1272-1276. 

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AIM: To establish an LC-MS/MS method for determining the concentration of sildenafil in human plasma.METHODS: Diazepam was used as internal standard,the plasma samples extracted by MTBE were separated on a Waters XTerra MS C₁₈ column (150 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase contained methanol and 10 mmol/L Ammonium acetate( 85∶15, V/V) at flow rate of 0.30 mL/min. The electrospray ionization (ESI source) in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) were used for scanning analysis, then, sildenafil and diazepam ion selective channels were: m/z 475.3→58.1 and 285.5→154.0, respectively.RESULTS: The linear range for sildenafil was 1.50-765.90 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantitation was 1.50 ng/mL, and the relative standard deviation of intra-day and inter-day were less than 15%.CONCLUSION: The estalished method is suitable for clinical pharmacokinetic study of sildenafil.

Effects of estradiol valerate supplementation on the pregnancy outcome in patients with endometrial thickness less than 7 mm on the day of embryo transfer

YANG Hai-yan, ZHAO Jun-zhao, LIN Jin-ju, YU Rong

2011, 16(11):  1277-1281. 

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AIM: To explore the effect of estradiol valerate supplementation on the pregnancy outcome in patients with endometrial thickness less than 7 mm on the day of embryo transfer (ET).METHODS: From November 2009 to December 2010, endometrial thickness and pattern on the day of ET were evaluated again with transvaginal ultrasonogrphy in all patients who received in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer ( IVF-ET) treatment at our reproductive medicine center. The patients were treated with estradiol valerate supplementation if whose endometrial thickness were less than 7 mm.RESULTS: During the study period, a totle of 60 patients with endometrial thickness less than 7 mm underwent 66 transfer cycles, and 148 embryos were transferred. The mean endometrial thickness was(6.21±0.51)mm. The mean number of embryo transfer was (2.14±0.63). Among 66 cycles, there were 16 ongoing pregnancies, the clinical pregnancy rate was 24.2%, the embryo implantation rate was 11.5%. One patient was pontaneous, one patient was ectopic pregnancy.CONCLUSION: Estradiol valerate supplementation treatment can also receive certainly pregnance in patients with endometrial thickness less than 7 mm on the day of embryo transfer.

Effects and mechanism of probucol on cardic function in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy heart failure

REN Ning, TANG Hui-fang

2011, 16(11):  1282-1287. 

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AIM: To explore the effects and mechanism of probucol on cardic function in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) heart failure.METHODS: 36 patients with ICM heart failure were randomly divided into probucol group and conventional therapy group (n=18 in each group). Both groups were given therapy of regulating blood lipid, antiplatelet, anti-ischemia and conventional anti-heart failure therapy. Probucol group was additionally given with probucol. The following changes of both groups were determined before and after treatment for six months respectively: cardiac function classification; blood lipids: total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); oxidative stress indices: oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD); markers of inflammation: high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); echocardiography parameters: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).RESULTS: After six months of treatment, compared with the conventional therapy group, probucol decreased the levels of MDA (P<0.05), decreased the level of ox-LDL (P<0.01), increased the level of SOD (P<0.01), and increased the improving rate of cardiac function in observation group (P<0.05). Compared with the conventional therapy group, there was a growing trend towards LVEF in the observation group, but there was no significant difference between two groups. After six months of treatment, compared with the conventional therapy group, the changes of TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, hs-CRP, ESR, LVEDD and LVESD by Probucol had no statistical significance.CONCLUSION: The effect of probucol on ICM heart failure may be related with anti-oxidation and may not be related with lipid-lowering efficacies.

Effects of dexmedetomidine on patients with anesthesia hypertension about stress reaction between the extubation period

ZHANG Ling-bin, FAN Li-hua, LU Xiang-hong, LOU Tian-zheng, HE Ren-hong, CHEN Qin, YOU Min-ji, DING You-fa

2011, 16(11):  1288-1291. 

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AIM: To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine on patients with anesthesia hypertension about stress reaction between the extubation period.METHODS: 60 patients with previous history of hypertension, stable blood pressure control, gastric cancer surgery were enrolled in the research. The patients were randomly divided into dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg group (group D₁), dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg group (group D₂) and saline control group (group C), n=20. All the patients were used inhalation anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg,1 μg/kg, and normal saline 20 mL were given with micro-pumps intravenous inject at 60 min before the end of surgery,the infusion time was 30 min. Before anesthesia, before extubation, after extubation 1,3,5,10 min ,the hemodynamic parameters were recorded,the levels of plasma epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), cortisol (COR), glucose (GLU), blood lactate (LAC)were determined, and the levels of lanesthesia time, wake time, extubation time were recorded.RESULTS: The levels of MAP, HR,plasma E, NE, COR, GLU, LAC in three groups were significantly higher than those of before anesthesia (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The levels of MAP, HR,plasma E, NE, COR, GLU, LAC in group C were higher than those of group D₁, group D₂ (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The levels of wake-up time, extubation time in group D₂ were higher than those of group C , group D₁ (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine can inhibit the stress response which is caused by tracheal extubation,and the appropriate dose is 0.5 μg/kg.

Effects of analgesia and adverse reaction of parecoxib sodium on patients after epidural analgesia surgery

WU Ping-lei

2011, 16(11):  1292-1296. 

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AIM: To investigate the analgesic effects of parecoxib sodium patient after surgery.METHODS: 100 patients undergoing surgery were randomly divided into two groups (n=50):group P(parecoxib sodium combined with PCEA) and group C(tramadol 0.5 g combined with PCEA).All patients received PCEA after surgery respectively.VAS(visible analgesia score) was performed within postoperative 4,6,8,12 and 24 hours respectively,meanwhile,using frequency of PCA and the side effects were recorded as well.The levels of IL-6,TNF-α were detected at each time spots.RESULTS: Within postoperative 4,6,8,12 and 24 hours,the VAS scores were all less in group P than those in group C(P<0.05).The using frequency of PCA and the side effects were all less in group P than those in group C within 24 hours(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Parecoxib combined with PCEA after anorectic surgery has better analgesia effects and less side reactions.It reduces the ascension of IL-6,TNF-α in the perioperative period.

Efficacy comparison on insulin with subcutaneous therapy four times a day and twice a day in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients

CHENG Zi-an

2011, 16(11):  1297-1299. 

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AIM: To observe the clinical effect on insulin with subcutaneous therapy four times a day and twice a day in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients whose fasting blood glucose larger than 13.0 mmol/L.METHODS: 48 patients with fasting plasma glucose ≥13.0 mmol/L of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into Groups A and B. The patients were given continuously subcutaneously insulin treatment for 2 weeks. The body weight changes, blood glucose, fasting C-peptide , blood glucose time, average daily dose of insulin, hypoglycemia cases times were compared before and after treatment.RESULTS: The fasting plasma glucose and 2 h postprandial blood glucose after treatment were descended (P<0.05), the fasting C-peptide was increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). But there were no statistical significant differences of these data between the two groups after treatment (P>0.05). There were also no statistical significant differences on weight change , blood glucose time, daily insulin dosage after treatment between two groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The clinical effect of treatment with twice-daily subcutaneous injection of insulin on newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients with blood glucose ≥13.0 mmol/L may have the same efficacy with the short-acting subcutaneous insulin therapy four times a day.

Clinical observation of montelukast sodium for treatment of wheezing infants of non-specific symptoms

MA Lu, GUO Xiao-yuan, PI Wen-xia

2011, 16(11):  1300-1303. 

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AIM: To observe the prevention of montelukast sodium on wheezing infants of non-specific symptoms.METHODS: A total of 80 infants (Eosinophil＜0.04, the serum total IgE was normal) were randomly divided into two groups: the treatment group (40 patients) and control group (40 patients). The patients in montelukast sodium treated were taken 4 mg once daily by routine complex treatment for 4 months. The two groups were followed up for 1 year. The serum total IgE and eosinophil of all patients were determined, the recurrent wheezing was observed.RESULTS: The serum total IgE and eosinophil were same in both groups (P>0.05), there were significant decrements in wheezing infants in 1 year (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Oral administration montelukast sodium is effective, and it can reduce course of the illness and prevent recurrent wheezing in infants.

Development of microRNA-dependent control of cytochrome P450

WEN Chun-jie, FU Li-juan, WU Lan-xiang, CHEN Wang, ZHANG Tao, ZHOU Hong-hao

2011, 16(11):  1304-1308. 

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, non-coding RNAs of 19-25 nucleotides that negatively regulate gene expression by inducing translational inhibition or cleavage of their target mRNAs through binding to the 3′-untranslated regions of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Since miRNAs regulate every aspect of cellular function, their dysregulation is associated with a variety of diseases.Therefore, miRNAs are now considered new therapeutic targets.However, the roles of miRNAs in pharmacogenetics have only recently been revealed. The miRNA expression is readily altered by chemicals, drugs, hormones or diseases, and the dysregulation of specifc miRNAs might lead to changes in the drug pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics changes. This review describes the current knowledge on the post-transcriptional regulation of cytochrome P450s and nuclear receptors by miRNAs.

Study on pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin and its drug interactions with other drugs

WEN Jin-hua, XIONG Yu-qing

2011, 16(11):  1309-1314. 

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Rosuvastatin, a new generation of statins , has better liver selectivity, less metabolism and long elimination half-life.It has more lipid-lowering effect and a wide range prospects of clinical applications. Moreover, rosuvastatin has good tolerability and the incidence of adverse reactions was similar to other kind of statins. In this paper, rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic interactions with other drugs are reviewed. In order to lay down a solid theory foundation for the guidance in clinical usage of Rosuvastatin, ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical usage, achieving individualized therapy in its true sense.

Progress of the pharmacokinetics of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus

DONG Min, LIU Zhao-qian

2011, 16(11):  1315-1320. 

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Pharmacogenetics indicates that genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzymes, receptors, and transporter are the major causes for individual difference in drug response. Metformin is regarded as insulin sensitizing drugs and the first-line agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with overweight or obesity. Metformin is also used for treatment polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO_S). Considerable individual differences in metformin efficacy are reported. Organic cation transporters (OCT_S) play the important roles in the individual difference of metformin response rather than drug metabolizing enzymes and drug receptors. Thus we reviews the effects of the polymorphisms of OCT_S on metformin response and the progress of the pharmacokinetics of metformin in T2DM.