Table of Content

Volume 9 Issue 9
26 September 2004

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Research progress on adiponectin

HUANG Yu-Hong, GAO Xiu-Mei, ZHANG Bo-Li

2004, 9(9):  961-965. 

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This article reviews the structure, function and impact factor of adiponectin and summarizes some diseases that relates to the disfunction of adiponectin.

Distribution of penehyclidine hydrochloride raceme and effects of QNB on its four optical isomers in mice brain

XUE Ming, YUAN Shu-Lan, QIAO Jian-Zhong, LIU Ke-Liang, RUAN Jin-Xiu

2004, 9(9):  966-969. 

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AIM: To study the distribution of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) raceme and its four optical isomers in mice and the effects of QNB on distribution of PHC.METHODS: The tissue concentrations of PHC raceme and its four optical isomers in mice were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring (GC-MS/SIM) PHC (m/z 175) and PHC-5 (m/z 180) as internal standard.RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of PHC raceme in mice brain after im a single dose (0.1 mg·kg^-1) were as follows: T_1/2β = 35.16±5.4 h, C_max = 66.98±12.6 ng·g^-1, and AUC = 2.1±0.4 μg·h^-1·g^-1. The distribution concentrations in brain had a significantly persistent level for more than 48 h. PHC raceme and the four optical isomers were high selectively distributed in mice brain. The results showed that the concentration of distribution of R-2 isomer had a higher level. And the isomer with S-configuration in mice brain eliminated fast and isomer with R-configuration eliminated slowly. And the tissue concentration of R-2 isomer had a high level which R-2 isomer had a great affinity with mAChR.The distribution concentration of the four optical isomers in mice brain obviously decreased after or before QNB was given. Among them, the R-2 isomer was influenced more greatly by QNB, which R-2 had the highest biological potency. It suggested that the distribution of R-2 isomer in mice brain was mainly related to mAChR.CONCLUSION: There is a relationship between the tissue concentration of the isomer in mice brain and the affinity of the isomer to mAChR. QNB can affect the distribution of PHC and its four isomers in mice brain.

Correlation of furanocoumarin composition and rat cytochrome P450 3A inhibition among citrus fruit juices

GUO Lian-Qing, BAO Hao, YANG Juan, CHEN Qiao-Yun, LIU Yu-Xiu, LI Jin-Heng, YAMAZOE Yasushi

2004, 9(9):  970-977. 

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AIM: To investigate the existence of these compounds in other citrus fruit juices, and check their inhibitory intensities on activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A.METHODS: Freshly squeezed citrus fruit juices were determined separately for their composition and levels of six furanocoumarins with a gradient highpressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. Inhibition of CYP3A by each juice sample was tested with the activity of testosterone 6β-hydroxylation in liver microsoms of male Sprague-Dawley rats.RESULTS: Comparing with grapefruit juices, the Jaffa sweetie showed almost the same composition and levels of furanocoumarins, and a comparable inhibitory intensity of CYP3A; the Japanese red pommelo, `Guanxi Miyou' and `Jinyou' pommelos showed similar compositions but lower levels of furanocoumarins, and weaker inhibiting intensities of CYP3A; While `Changshan Huyou' pummelos, sweet oranges and mandarins showed less varieties and much lower levels of furanocoumarins, and most of them showed no inhibition of CYP3A.CONCLUSION: Furanocoumarin composition can be an index to predict citrus fruit juice-drug interaction based on CYP3A inhibition; Clinical validations should be conducted on `Guanxi Miyou' pummelo and closely related accessions for their possible drug interactions similar to grapefruit juice.

Changes of caveolin-1 in development of atherosclerosis in apo E-deficient mice

QIN Li, QIN Xu-Ping, ZHU Bing-Yang, LIAO Duan-Fang

2004, 9(9):  978-982. 

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AIM: To observe the changes of caveolin-1 in the development of atherosclerosis (AS) in apo E-deficient mice.METHODS: 40 male C57BL/6J mice and apo E-deficient mice were divided into two groups: control group and apo E-deficient mice group. The latterwere further divided into 3 subgroups depend on the survival weeks (10, 20, and 30 weeks). The serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high and low density cholesterol were determined.The areas of aortic wall and plaque lesion were calculated. Immunohistology and western blotting were used for analyzed caveolin-1.RESULTS: The serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density cholesterol in the apo E-deficient mice group were more significantly increased than those in the control group, the plaque areas and the ratio of plaque areas and aortic areas also increased. But the expression of caveolin-1 in aortic wall of the apo E-deficient mice group was more significantly decreased than those in the control group.CONCLUSION: The expression of caveolin-1 in aortic wall of the apo E-deficient mice decreased, which may be related to the formation of atherosclerosis.

Inhibition of p42/44 MAPK kinase enhances diallyl disulfide induced apoptosis in human CNE2 cells

WEN Jun, Zhang Yi Wei, Nie Ya-Li, XU Ming

2004, 9(9):  983-987. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of p42/44 MAPK signaling on diallyl disulfide-induced apoptosis in CNE2 cells.METHODS: Morphological changes and quantification of apoptotic cells were determined under fluorescence microscope after a 24 h treatment of CNE2 by Diallyl disulfide (DADS ). Cell viability was determined withMTT method. Apoptosis detection which was taken to the cells on flowcytometry. The expression of phosphorp42 44 MAPK was measured by Western blotting.RESULTS: After treatment with DADS at 50-150 μmol·L^-1 for 24 h, DADS elicited typical apoptotic morphologic changes (chromatic condensation and nucleus fragmentation). The amount of apoptosis cells increased in a concentration-dependent manner but cell-cycle arrest was not. At the concentration between 50 and 150 μmol·L^-1, incubation of CNE2 with DADS for 24 h also induced phosphor-p42/44 MAPK expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, DADS induced apoptosis was markedly increased by preincubation with U0126, a specific p42/44MAPK inhibitor, and increased the expression of phosphor-p42/44 MAPK in a concentration-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: DADS activates p42/44MAPK, and phosphor-p42/44MAPK signaling appears to play protective roles in DADS-induced apoptosis in CNE2.

Effects of valsartan on phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) in spontaneously hypertensive rats

ZHANG Jie, LIU Chang-Hui, HE Yong, WEI Chun-Yang, WANG Shao-Hua

2004, 9(9):  988-991. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of valsartan on the cardiac hypertrophy and the expression of PTEN in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).METHODS: Twenty 12-week-old male SHRwere randomly divided into 2 groups: SHR positive control group and valsartan treating group (30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). 10 homogenous Wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats were served as normal control group. Blood pressure and the ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight(LVW/BW) of rats were monitored periodically during the 8-weeks studies. Expression of PTEN in cardiac myocytes was determined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Blood pressure and LVW/BW increased in the valsartan group more than those in the SHR control group, and the expression of PTEN in cardiac myocytes in valsartan group increased more than that in the SHR control group, but the indexes were lower than those in the WKY group.CONCLUSION: Valsartan can not only inhibit the progression of cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats, but also increase the expression of PTEN. PTEN may play a role in cardiac hypertrophy.

Effects and adverse drug reactions of mtrisone in the treatment of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome

WANG Rui, ZHOU Xiao-Qing, DONG Jun, WEI Rong, CAO Xiu-Tang, ZHOU Ya-Chun, WANG Jin, GUO Dai-Hong, CHEN Kun, ZHOU Jian, WANG Jie-Song, ZHU Xiu-Mei, LIANG Bei-Bei, XU Yan-Ping, ZHOU Xian-Zhi

2004, 9(9):  992-996. 

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AIM: To study effects and adverse drug reactions of mtrisone in the treatment of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome.METHODS: The information of the medications in 680 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Xiaotangshan Hospital was collected by HIS system and the effects and ADRs of metrisone were staiated.RESULTS: The kinds of drugs of SARS patients who had been cured by metrisone were more than those which were not cured by metrisone. Condition of SARS patients who had been cured by metrisone was more serious than those which were not cured by metrisone. The ADRs rate, blood glucose and leukocyte of SARS patients who had been cured by metrisone are higher than those which were not cured by metrisone while blood K⁺ is lower.CONCLUSION: The utilization of metrison to SRAS patient should be more cautious to balance the effects and ADRs of metrisone.

Effects of β₁-adrenergic receptor mRNA antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on the hemodynamics and cardiac hypertrophy in renal hypertensive rats

YAN Ling, WANG Jin-Ming, WANG Fang, LIANG Yuan-Hong, XIA Fang, SONG Xiao-Hua

2004, 9(9):  997-1001. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of β₁-adrenergic receptor mRNA antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (β₁-AS-ODN) mediated by the cationic liposomes (DOT-AP/DOPE) on the hemodynamics and cardiac hypertrophy of renal hypertensive rats.METHODS: The two-kidney and one-clip (2K1C) rat models were established and divided into five groups: the sham-operated group, the 2K1C group, the 2K1C +inverted ODN (IN-ODN ) group, the 2K1C + antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) group and the 2K1C +carvedilol group. Single intravenous injection of ODN 0. 5 mg·kg^-1 was given after four weeks of operation and carvedilol 10 mg·kg^-1 ·d^-1 was administrated for 4 weeks. Blood pressure was measured regularly. Hemodynamic parameters, left ventricular weight index (LVWI) and plasma endothelin-1(ET-1) concentration were measured after eight weeks of operation The linear correlation between LVWI and ET-1 were analyzed.RESULTS: Compared with the IN-ODN group, β₁-AS-ODN significantly decreased SBP (P<0.01), increased±d_p dt_max (P<0.01), and had an obvious suppressive effect on LVSP (P<0. 05 ), LVEDP (P<0.01), LVWI (P<0. 05) and ET-1(P<0.01). No significant difference was found between the AS-ODN group and the carvedilol group. In addition, LVWI positively correlated with ET-1 (r =0.749, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: β₁-AS-ODN mediated by the cationic liposomes has an effective long-term antihypertensive effect with single intravenous injection. It can also improve the hemodynamics and attenuate cardiac hypertrophy. These effects may relate to their effect of decreasing the concentration of plasma ET-1.

Clinical evaluation of sulfasalazine in the treatment of patients with mild and moderate ulcerative colitis

CHEN Qi-Kui, YUAN Shi-Zheng, ZHONG Ying-Qiang, LI Cu-Jun, WU Hui-Sheng

2004, 9(9):  1007-1010. 

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AIM: To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of sulfasalazine (SASP) 3 g per day in the treatment of patients with mild and moderate ulcerative colitis (UC).METHODS: 122 patients were treated with SASP (1 g, t.i.d.) for 6 weeks.The data of clinical manifestations, colonoscopic and histological involvements were compared before and after the treatment of UC. The short-period efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated in 110 patients.RESULTS: The therapeutic project was carried out in the 110 out of 122 patients. After 110 patients were treated for 6 weeks, the clinical, colonoscopic and histological remission were 71. 8 %, 21. 8 % and 16. 4 %, respectively. Among the 79 patients with clinical remission, 58. 2 % and 67. 1 % of them remained grade 1 in colonoscopic and histological findings, respectively. The curative rates and the effective rates were 63. 9 % and 82. 0 %, respectively. Among the 122 patients treated with SASP, 21 of them (17. 2 %) had adverse reactions. Except 4 patients suffered urticaria and leukopenia, no patients quitted the treatment because of obvious adverse reaction.CONCLUSION: SASP (3 g per day) can be an effective and safe medicine in treatment of patients with mild and moderate UC, but more than half of the patients in clinical remission still have light inflammation in colonoscopy and histology.

Effects of genistein on expression of nuclear factor-κB and levels of tumor necrosis factor-αin asthma patients

GU Xing-Yu, LIU Xiao-Ju

2004, 9(9):  1011-1015. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of genistein on the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of asthma patients.METHODS: PBMCs were isolated from blood samples of 32 asthma patients and 31 healthy persons, which was divided into control groups, dexamethasonetreated groups and genistein-treated groups. The expression of NF-κB was analyzed by immunocytochemical staining. The level of TNF-αwas measured by radioimmunoassay.RESULTS: The percentage of NF-κB-positive cells in PBMCs and the level of TNF-αin PBMCs culture supernatants were significantly higher in asthma patients than in healthy persons (all P<0. 01). There was a positive correlation between the percentage of NF-κB-positive cells and the level of TNF-αin asthma patients (P<0. 01). Genistein depressed the expression of NF-κB and the secretion of TNF-αof PBMCs in asthma patients. The percentage of NF-κB-positive cells in PBMCs and the level of TNF-αin PBMCs culture supernatants in asthmatic genistein-treated groups were both significantly lower than those of asthmatic control groups (all P<0. 01), but this depression was not so strong as dexamethasone. There was a positive correlation between the percentage of NF-κBpositive cells and the level of TNF-α in asthmatic genistein-treated groups (P<0. 01).CONCLUSION: There are increases in both expression of NF-κB and the level of TNF-α.Genistein can decrease the expression of NF-κB and the level of TNF-αin asthma patients, so it may has a hidalen effect in treating asthma.

Pharmacokinetic study of tropisetron chlorate capsule in healthy volunteers

FU Liang-Qing, HUANG Feng, TANG Xin, QIAN Ping-Li, LIU Ze-Yuan

2004, 9(9):  1016-1018. 

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AIM: To study the pharmacokinetics of tropisetron chlorate capsule in healthy volunteers.METHODS: After the oral administration of 10mg tropisetron chlorate capsule, the blood concentrations of tropisetron chlorate in eighteen male volunteers were measured by HPLC-UV. Concentrations-time profiles were simulated and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3P97 software.RESULTS: Pharmacokinetic parameters of tropisetron chlorate capsule were obtained as follows: T_max was 2. 33±0. 43 h, C_max was 10. 48±2. 70 μg·L^-1, and AUC_{0-24 h} was 111. 89±39. 86 h·μg·L^-1.CONCLUSION: A single dose administration of 10 mg tropisetron chlorate can distribute and eliminate quickly, which is safety in volunteers.

Preventive effects of Ginseng fiber on hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl₄ in mice

FENG You-Hui, HE Kang, ZOU Li-Yi, XU Bi-Lian, LIU Yu-Yu

2004, 9(9):  1019-1022. 

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AIM: To study the effects of Ginseng fiber on hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl₄ in mice.METHODS: Forty PCR Mice were randomly divided into 4 the control group, the NS group, the colchicine group and the Ginseng fiber groups. Rats in control group were treated by daily oral gavage with vehicle. Rats in other three groups were given SC injection of 40 %CCl₄ 10 ml·kg^-1 and treated by either daily oral gavage with vehicle, or colchicine at 0. 1 ml·kg^-1, or Ginseng fiber at 10 g·kg^-1 for 42 d. The liver injury indexes were measured.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the serum enzymes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartic acid aminotransferase(AST)were markedly increased but serum albumin (Alb)and A/G were decreased distinctly in CCl₄ group whose liver slides also showed typical liver cirrhosis. Ginseng fiber markedly prevented CCl₄-induced increases in liverweight, serum ALT and TP. Ginseng fiber lightened the hepatic pathological necrosis resulting from CCl₄. The preventive effect of Ginseng fiber was identical to that of colchicine.CONCLUSION: Ginseng fiber can prevent hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl₄ in mice.

Clinical efficacy and safety of xuesetong pill in the treatment of patients with stroke

ZHAO Yin-Qian, ZHANG Fang-Jian, BA Yuan-Ming, HU You-Zhi, XIANG Nan, FENG De-Xun, SHI Jie

2004, 9(9):  1023-1025. 

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AIM: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of xuesetong pill in the treatment of patients with stroke.METHODS: Xuesetong pill was observed in the paralleled-control, double-blind, and double-simulated clinical trail.RESULTS: Xuesetong pill significantly improved the symptom of patient with stroke. Its total effective rate to the symptom was up to 90. 3 %.After the treatment of xuesetong pill for 2, 3, and 4 weeks, the improvement of traditional medicine symptom, total score of traditional medicine symptom, stroke and total score of stroke were superior to those in the control group (P<0. 05).Its latent period of efficacy was 13. 16±4. 90 days, which was obviously superior to that in the control group (19. 10±6. 78 days)(P<0. 01).No serious side effect was found in the two groups.CONCLUSION: Xuesetong pill has a characteristic of safe, effective, and fast in the treatment of patients with stroke.

Study on the mechanisms of Quyuningtong paster in treating acute soft tissue injury in rats

ZHANG Le-Zhi, MEN De-Sheng, WEN Bao-Shu, LU Jin-Sheng, WEI Bin

2004, 9(9):  1026-1029. 

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AIM: To study the mechanisms of Quyuningtong paster (QYNTP) in treating acute soft tissue injury in rats.METHODS: The models of acute soft tissue injury were established to observe the effects of QYNTP on the indexes of hemorheology in rats caused by strike, the rate of platelet aggregation and the thrombus formation in vitro.RESULTS: QYNTP (0. 3, 0. 9 and 1. 8 g·kg^-1) reduced the viscosity of whole blood, viscosity of plasma, content of fibrinogen, and packed volume of erythrocyte, slowed down the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation, reduced the K value in erythrocyte sedimentation rate equation, and shorten the erythrocyte electrophoresis time. It also inhibited the platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in vitro (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01).CONCLUSION: Improving the hemorheology and inhibiting the platelet aggregation and thrombus formation may be one aspect of the mechanisms of QYNTP in treating acute soft tissue injury in rats.

Protective effects of progesterone and pregnenolone sulfate on memory impairment mice induced by scopolamine

WANG Dan, YU Rong, LU Ying-Qing, YAO Ming-Hui

2004, 9(9):  1030-1032. 

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AIM: To investigate the protective effects of progesterone and pregnenolone sulfate on memory impairment mice induced by scopolamine.METHODS: Pharmacological model of amnesia inmice was induced by scopolamine. Memory result was evaluated by the stepthrough latency in the passive-avoidance task.RESULTS: Animals displayed marked decrease in the stepthrough latency after administration (scopolamine 1 mg·kg^-1, ip). Progesterone (1 mg·kg^-1, 10 mg·kg^-1, sc) and pregnenolone sulfate (1 mg·kg^-1, sc ) significantly decreased performance of animals in the passiveavoidance task.CONCLUSION: Progesterone and pregnenolone sulfate can ameliorate the memory deficit.

Efficacy and safety of xindakang capsules in treatment of patients with angina pectoris

XIANG Nan, HU You-Zhi, SHI Jie, ZHANG Feng, FENG De-Xun

2004, 9(9):  1033-1036. 

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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of xindakang capsules in the treatment of patients with angina pectoris.METHODS: Diaoxinxuekang capsule was taken as a control agent, and xindakang capsule was observed in a random, positive drug parallel contrast, multicenter clinical trail.RESULTS: Xindakang capsule significantly relieved the symptoms of angina pectoris, and reduced the number of times of attack of angina and the doses of nitroglycerin(P<0. 01).The total effective rate of xindakang capsules was 85. 6 %on the symptoms of the traditional Chinese medicine, such as chest pain (88. 9 %), palpitation (84. 8 %), ECG (60. 0 %).The marker of hemorheology, blood viscosity and PCV decreased(P<0. 01)in xindakang group, and the fibrinogen also decreased(P >0. 05).No serious side effects were found on blood-routine, urine-routine, stool-routine, liver function and kidney function in the two groups.CONCLUSION: Xindakang capsule is an effective and safe drug in treating angina pectoris.

Influnce of aminoguanidine on myocardial function and ultrastractue in diabetic rats

FU Li-Juan, WANG Hong-Xin, PANG Dong-Bo, LI Yan-Qin

2004, 9(9):  1037-1040. 

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AIM: To explore the protective effects of the nonenzymation glycosylation inhibitor-aminoguanidine (AG)on the cardiac function and ultrastructure in diabetes-induced rats.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, sreptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic group and aminoguanidine treated diabetic group (150 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 water given after diabetes induced).The serum fructosamine content levels and the cardiac mass index and some related parameters were determined at 12 weeks.RESULTS: The serum fructosamine content levels and the cardiac mass were higher than that in the control group. The value of±dp/dt_max tite was decreased in diabetic group at 12 weeks compared with the control group. Electron microscopic morphometry of heart samples revealed typical diabetic alterations consisting in a focal loss, disorganization of myofibril, mitochondril swelling, and lysis of cistae. In AG treated group, The serum fructosamine content levels and the cardiac mass decreased, the value of±dp/dt_max was increased markedly compared with diabetic rats. Microvascular membrane, proliferation of the collegen in the extracellular matrix and nyocardial ultrastructure were better than diabetes.CONCLUSION: There are changes of myocardial function, ultrastractue abnormalities and ventricular hypertropfhy in diabetic rats. AG can inhibit the progress of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Effects of progesterone on apoptosis and neuroprotective in rats during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

LI Chao, DONG Liang-Li, LU-Na, ZHANG Jian-Kai

2004, 9(9):  1045-1049. 

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AIM: To study the effects of neuroprotective and molecular mechanism of progesterone on ischemia reperfusion injury.METHODS: The rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MACO) were treated by Zea-Longa for 2 h and reperfused for 24 h. 48 male rats were divided into 6 group randomly. There were the sham group, ischmia/reperfusion (I/R), dimethl sulfoxide (DMSO), and pretreatment, posttreatment, pre +posttreament with PROG. The score of neurological deficit was measured by Zea-Longa method and insitu end labeling (ISEL) was used to investigate apoptosis in the brain tissues.RESULTS: The score of neurological deficit was 0 in the sham operation after reperfusion 24 h, 1. 38±0. 92 in the I/R group, 1. 0±0. 53 in the DMSO group, 0. 35±0. 51 in the pretreatment group, 0. 62±0. 52 in the posttreatment group, and 0. 25±0. 46 in the pre +posttreament group. The number of apoptosic cells was 1. 88±0. 25 in the sham group, 41. 38±3. 85 in the I/R group, 38. 13±5. 69 in the DMSO group, 22. 88±2. 70 in the pretreatment group, 25. 63±2. 93 in the posttreatment group, and 20. 88±2. 30 in the pre + posttreament group. There were significant differences in pretreament, posttreament, pre +posttreament and control groups(I/R or DMSO) (P<0. 05).CONCLUSION: PROG may protect the focal ischemia brain on reperfusion injury and reduce the expression of apoptosis and the neurological deficit.

Research on relation between genotype and effect of lamivudine in patient with hepatitis B virus infection

ZHANG Hong-He, SHAO Ting-Jun, YANG Zhong-Guo

2004, 9(9):  1050-1053. 

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AIM: To investigate the relation between the genotype and the effect of lamivudine in patient with hepatitis B virus infection.METHODS: The genotype of hepatitis B virus and the YMDD mutation of 41 chronic hepatitis B patients with lamivudine treatment were detected and analyzed by DNA sequencing and oligochip technology. The DNA of HBV and the levels of ALT were detected before therapy and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months with lamivudine treatment.RESULTS: 21 samples were classified as genotype B (51. 2 %) and 20 as genotype C (48. 8 %) in 41 samples. There were no significant differences on the levels of ALT between genotype B and C before and after lamivudine treatment for 12months (P > 0. 05). After lamivudine treatment, the rate of the transform negative of HBV DNA in genotype C was significantly higher than that in genotype B, and the rate of the bounce of HBV DNA in genotype B was higher than that in genotype C (P<0. 01). There were no significant difference on the rate of mutation in YMDD betmeen genotype B and C (P >0. 05).CONCLUSION: There may be a relation between the effect of lamivudine and the genotype of Hepatitis B virus.The effect of the lamivudine treatment may be better in the patients with genotype C.

L-arginine facilitates the hyperplasia of sebaceous gland in rats

YIN Yan-Ru, WANG Fei, CAO Xu

2004, 9(9):  1054-1056. 

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AIM: To study the effects of L-arginine on sebaceous gland hyperplasia in rats.METHODS: 10 mg·kg^-1 ·d^-11 of L-arginine was poured into the stomach in Sprague-Dawley rats for 7-14 d. The pathology phenomenon was observed in the rat skin.RESULTS: The backside skin of the male SD rats showed dewiness, greasiness and engrained yellow. The incidence was 100 % for 7 d in the male SD rats, 80 %in the female SD rats for 14 d, but 100 % in the immature female SD rats for 14 d.CONCLUSION: L-arg nine can facilitate the hyperplasia of sebaceous gland in SD rats.

Effects of ulinastatin for injection (UTI) on cytokines and ultrastructure of brain tissue after cardiopulmonary-cerebral-resuscitation

HUANG Wei-Jia, LI Zhang-Ping, CHEN Shou-Quan, WANG Wei, WANGMing-Shan, WANG Wang-Tie, LU Zhong-Qiu

2004, 9(9):  1057-1060. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of ulinastatin for injection (UTI) on the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10, and ultrastructure of brain tissue in rats after cardiopulmonary-cerebral-resuscitation (CPCR).METHODS: 24 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n =8 in each): control group, resuscitation group and UTI group. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were quantified by isotope radio immunoassay at different time before and after resuscitation, and the changes of ultrastructure of brain tissue were observed after the experiment.RESULTS: The plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 increased (P<0. 01, or P<0. 05) and the plasma concentration of IL-10 decreased (P<0. 05) after CPCR in the rats. There was no significant change (P > 0. 05) at different time points in the control group and in the plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 after CPCR in UTI group (P >0. 05). The plasma concentration of TNF-αshowed a significant change in 30 minutes, 2 hours and 4 hours compared with the resuscitation group, and the plasma concentration of IL-10 in 30 minutes and 6 hours compared with the resuscitation group. The observation of the ultrastructure in brain tissue showed that the injury was relieved obviously in the UTI group than the resuscitation group.CONCLUSION: UTI may prevent the damage of organs caused by CPCR by inhibiting TNF-αand IL-6, and enhancing IL-10.

Intervention of bennazepril in the patients with impaired glucose tolerance

XIA Li-Bin, HUANG Xiao-Hui, SUN Rui-Yuan

2004, 9(9):  1061-1064. 

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AIM: To explore the intervention of bennazepril in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).METHODS: Seventy patients with first diagnosed IGT were enrolled in this study. The control group involved 35 patients dealt with diet and exercise, and the trial group involved 35 patients dealt with diet, exercise and bennazepril. The changes of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (P2HBG ), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) values were assayed.RESULTS: After the treatment of 12 weeks, the decreased values of fasting blood glucose and diastolic blood pressure were not difference (P >0. 05), but in the trial group, decreased values of 2-hour postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin A_1c decreased (P<0. 05), and systolic blood pressure also decreased (P<0. 01).CONCLUSIONS: Bennazepril can decrease the 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A_1c and systolic blood pressure. It suggests that Bennazepril can improve the metabolic disorder in patients with IGT.

Clinical evaluation of radio-heating-chemotherapy in treatment of patients with malignant pleural effusion

GUO Zu-Feng, ZHANG Bang-Hui, CHENG Jin

2004, 9(9):  1065-1068. 

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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety on the radio-heating-chemotherapy in treatment of patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE).METHODS: 60 patients of MPE were randomly devided into two groups, radio-chemotherapy group (treatment group)and chemotherapy group (control group).The drugs, according to the types of tumor cells, were select to take intravenous injection and pleural cavity administration. The patient' s pleural cavity was drained continuously by pleurocentesis. These treatments were made once two week lasting for 4-6 weeks with NS 30 ml +cisplatin 60 mg by perfusion of pleural cavity. After the perfusin of pleural cavity, radioheating was performed 60-90 min, twice one week for 8-10 times in the treatment group.RESULTS: The response rate was 90 % (CR+PR)in the treatment group, and 67 % (CR +PR)in the control group. The rates were higher than those in the control group (P<0. 05). Karnofsky performance status score (KPS)in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (P<0. 01).The side effects included slight gastrointestinal tract reactions, and myelosupression in the two groups.CONCLUSION: Radio-heating-chemotherapy is an effective way in treatment of patients with malignant pleural effusion.

Dose conversion among different animals and healthy volunteers in pharmacological study

HUANG Ji-Han,HUANG Xiao-Hui, CHEN Zhi-Yang, ZHENG Qing-Shan, SUN Rui-Yuan

2004, 9(9):  1069-1072. 

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In order to obtain equivalent dose, a dose conversion was important among different animals and healthy volunteers in preclinical pharmacology and I phase clinical trials. Body coefficient and standard weight were introduced into the formula to estimate the equivalent dose in this paper.

Statistical approaches for evaluating and dealing with center effects in multi-center clinical trial

YU Hao, CHEN Feng

2004, 9(9):  1073-1076. 

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To search the statistical approaches for evaluating and dealing with the center effects in multicenter clinical trial. Breslow-Day test was used for evaluating the differences of the virtual rating among the centers whose responses were binary, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test for dealing with the center effects whose responses were binary or ordinal, and logistic regression for evaluating and dealing with the center effects simultaneously. The results showed that Breslow-Day test is invalid in evaluating the center effects whose response is ordinal, and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test can not be used for dealing with the effects of other covariates meanwhile.

Single case research designs for clinician

LUO Mei, XIONG Ning-Ning,WANG Xiu-Qin, ZOU Jian-Dong, JIANG Meng, LIU Fang, FU Wei-Min

2004, 9(9):  1077-1080. 

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Single case research design is suitable for raising research hypothesis, and the clinical confirmation of this hypothesis can be gained by other methods afterwards. It is also suitable for the pilot study, which carries on a preliminary assessment to the medicine that will be studied before designing and planning the formal clinical study. The classification of single case research designs includes simplest single-case design, classical reversal design, alternating-treatment design, and multiple-baseline design. The premise of this design is that the treatment can display the most remarkable effect in a shorter time, and the effect is temporarily, once the treatment is stopped, the patient' s condition is reversed. Otherwise, the group design must be considered. Generally, the approach of single case research depends on the “A” stage of stable baseline phase. It means that this research approach is not suitable for carrying on research to the acute or inconstantly diseases, but suitable for carrying on research to the chronic or recurrent diseases which have stable manifestations.