Table of Content

Volume 20 Issue 4
26 April 2015

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Effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on the expression of myocardial ATP-sensitive potassium channel

XU Lin, ZHANG Deng-wen, YANG Shi-jie, TIAN Xue-bi, WANG Yu, HAN Ai-di, ZHANG Chuan-han, TIAN Yu-ke, WANG Xue-ren

2015, 20(4):  366-369. 

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AIM: To investigate the expression of sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium channel in cardiomyocytes after remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC).METHODS: Rat models of remote ischemic preconditioning were established by clipping bilateral femoral artery 5 minutes and opening 5 minutes for 3 cycles. Then, the expression of K_ATP channel in cardiomyocytes was evaluated in control group and groups at 1h, 4h, 24h and 48h postoperatively.RESULTS: The relative protein expression level of sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium channel in cardiomyocytes was increased after RIPC.CONCLUSION: The expression of sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium channel was increased after RIPC, the change of expression in ATP-sensitive potassium channel may play a role in the cardiac protection of RIPC against ischemia.

Effect of varying pneumoperitoneum carbon dioxide pressures on adhesive and invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells

WEI Xiao-jun, SHI Liang-hui

2015, 20(4):  370-373. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of varying pneumoperitoneum carbon dioxide pressures on adhesive and invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells.METHODS: With an artificial CO₂ pneumoperitoneum model vitalize in vitro, human gastric cancer cell line (SGC-7901) was exposed to CO₂ at different pressures for 3 h in each case:6 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),9 mm Hg,12 mm Hg , 15 mm Hg and under conventional cell culture conditions. The expressions of mRNA of E-cadherin,ICAM-1,MMP-2 and CD44v6 were measured by Real-time PCR.The expressions of protein of E-cadherin,ICAM-1,MMP-2 and CD44v6 were measured by WB.RESULTS: With the increase in pressure,RT-PCR showed that there was a downward trend in the expression of E-cadherin mRNA while there were upward trends in the expressions of ICAM-1,MMP-2 and CD44v6 mRNA.Western-blot analysis showed that the expression level of protein was consistent with the result of genetic testing.When the pressure was 15 mm Hg,the expressions of CD44v6, MMP-2 and E-cadherin had significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: When the pressure is not higher than 12 mm Hg , the adhesive and invasive capacity of SGC-7901 are not affected, indicating that pneumoperitoneal CO₂ pressure may not increase tumor metastasis.

Determination of glyco-gambogic acid and its pharmacokinetics in rat plasma by UPLC

CHEN Ya-jun, WANG Shu-jun, WANG Shan-shan, WANG Dian-lei, HE Li-qin, LI Jun-yao, YAN Dan-dan, WANG Xue-qi, LI Jie, PENG Zhao-liang

2015, 20(4):  374-378. 

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AIM: To develop an UPLC method for the determination of plasma concentration of glyco-gambogic acid (Glyco-GA) and study the pharmacokinetics of Glyco-GA in rat plasma.METHODS: An UPLC method was established for the determination of Glyco-GA in rat plasma and using Gambogenic acid as the internal standard. The plasma concentration of Glyco-GA in rats was determined by UPLC after intravenous administration of Glyco-GA at a does of 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.1.RESULTS: Calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.05-14.0 mg/L(r=0.9999). The lower limit of quantification was 0.05 mg/L. The extraction recoveries were higher than 87%. The intra-day and inter-day precision(RSD%) was lower than 10%, respectively. This method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study after i.v. administration of Glyco-GA in rats at a does of 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg. The T_1/2 of Glyco-GA was (16.66±1.56), (16.81±2.21) and (17.88±2.05) min, the AUC_0-t was (12.92±13.14), (37.3±18.58) and (68.22±20.91) min·mg·L^-1, respectively.CONCLUSION: A simple,rapid and specific UPLC method for the analysis of Glyco-GA was successfully developed and applied to a pharmacokinetic study of Glyco-GA in rat plasma.

Mechanism investigation of low dose ethanol intervention on myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats

YU Ying, ZHANG Guan-jun, ZONG Qiao-feng, WANG Xiao-mei, LI Zhen-hong, GAO Qin

2015, 20(4):  379-383. 

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AIM: To study the effects of low dose ethanol intervention on myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats and analyze its underlying mechanism.METHODS: Male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (Con), diabetes at 4th week group (DM 4w), diabetes at 8th week group (DM 8w) and ethanol + diabetes at 8th week group (EtOH+DM 8w). After 8 weeks, the hemodynamic parameters were recorded, heart weight/body weight ratio and hydroxyproline content in myocardium were measured. The changes of collagen morphology in myocardial tissue were observed with Masson staining, collagen volume fraction (CVF) was measured by image analysis. The expression of ALDH2 at mRNA level of myocardium were detected by Real-Time PCR analysis, and the protein expressions of p-JNK and JNK were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: In contrast with Con group, there were no differences about hemodynamic parameters in DM 4w group, but in DM 8w group, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were decreased, the ratio of heart weight/body weight, hydroxyproline content and CVF were markedly increased, ALDH2 mRNA expression was decreased, while the ratio of p-JNK/JNK were increased. Compared with DM 8W group, the above indexes were improved in EtOH+DM 8w group.CONCLUSION: Low dose ethanol ameliorated myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats by up-regulating ALDH2 expression and down-regulating JNK expression.

Experimental study on anti-tumor effect of Centelase on lung cancer induced by A549

YAO Jin-ying

2015, 20(4):  384-387. 

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AIM: To discuss the anti-tumor effect of centelase on lung cancer induced by A549.METHODS: The lung cancer naked mouse models were established by A549 tumor cell. The mouse were randomly divided into five groups: the normal control group, the model group, the high dose group of centelase, the middle dose group of centelase and the low dose group of centelase and continuously treated and given drugs for 21 d after modeling. Blood and tumors were collected and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated. The morphological changes of tumor cells were observed by HE staining. The levels of IL-2,TNF-α were determined by ELISA.RESULTS: Compared with the model group, centelase could inhibit tumor cell significantly, make part of the tumor cell necrosis, dissolution, disappear and increase the levels of IL-2、TNF-α significantly(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Centelase shows its anti-tumor effect by increasing the levels of IL-2,TNF-α.

Inhibitory effect of aspirin on the expression of MMP-9 and its mechanism in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells

ZHANG Ping, SHEN Chen-lin, LI Lin, ZHANG Wei, YAO Cheng-zeng, HUANG Xiao-hui

2015, 20(4):  388-393. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of aspirin on the expression of MMP-9 and its mechanism in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.METHODS: The cytotoxic effect of aspirin on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells was detected by MTT assay. MMP-9mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein expression level of MMP-9, p38MAPK and Phospho-p38 (P-p38) were examined by western blotting. After the inhibition of p38MAPK pathway by specific inhibitor SB203580, the gene and protein expression of MMP-9 was measured by Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting separately.RESULTS: The gene and protein expression of MMP-9 were inhibited by aspirin in dose-dependent manner.The protein expression of P-p38 was significantly inhibited by aspirin as compared with LPS treatment group. However, the protein expression of p38MAPK was not significantly different. The expression of MMP-9mRNA and protein were obviously decreased after inhibiting p38MAPK pathway.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that aspirin has potent anti-atherosclerotic action with inhibitory action on MMP-9 production by blocking p38MAPK pathway in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.

Experimental study of the effect of Cough Ning on chronic bronchitis

HUANG Shi-fu, CHEN Han, YE Shou-shan, JIA De-yun, LUO Sheng-yong

2015, 20(4):  394-398. 

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AIM: To study the effect of Cough Ning on Chronic bronchitis.METHODS: The test of xylene-induced ear edema and the abdominal blood permeability in mice were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Cough Ning. While smoke-induced chronic bronchitis in rats was used to investigate the effect of Cough Ning. The pathomorphological changes in the bronchus and lung tissues were assessed by using an electron microscope. The content of MDA,SOD and NO in blood and lung tissues were measured.RESULTS: Compared with the model group, Cough Ning could significantly inhibit the edema induced by xylene, decrease abdominal blood capillary permeability of mice and reduce the pathological damage of bronchus and lung tissues in rats. It reduced the content of MDA but improved the content of SOD and NO in blood and lung tissues.CONCLUSION: Cough Ning has therapeutic effect on Chronic bronchitis, and the mechanism could be linked to its anti - oxidant effect.

Protective effect of QBFFTSG on the wound healing of skin burns in rats

ZHANG Hai-yan, LI Ting-ting, FAN Man-li, LV Xin-rui, SU Yu, ZHANG Jun-yan, ZHOU Lan-lan

2015, 20(4):  399-403. 

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AIM: To investigage the effects of Qin bai fu fang tang shang gao (QBFFTSG) on burn wound healing in rats.METHODS: The model of deep grade Ⅱskin burn wounds in rats was established. A total of 130 model rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: high, middle and low concentration of QBFFTSG treatment group, non - treatment group, Shi run shao shang gao (SRSSG) treatment group was used as positive control. Scab area, healing time of burn wound and wound tissues were taken at different times after wound induction for analysis and assessment of each parameter. Histopathology of wound tissues and microvascular density (MVD) with factor Ⅷ immunohistochemistry staining were measured. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined.RESULTS: QBFFTSG (0.4, 0.2, 0.1 g extract/g crude drug) could decrease the scab area and healing time, improve the histopathological changes of burn wound, increase the MVD density, decrease the elevated serum MDA content and increase the serum SOD level in rats at varying degrees during wound healing.CONCLUSION: QBFFTSG produces an enhanced protective effect on wound tissues of rats which could obviously promote the wound healing and improve the histopathological changes of wounds. The mechanism of action of QBFFTSG may be attributed to wound angiogenesis and anti-lipid peroxidation in rats.

Effects of total triterpenoids of prunella vulgaris L. on acetaldehyde-stimulated hepatic stellate cell-T6 and partial mechanisms

ZHANG Sheng-peng, LIU Xiao-ping, SHEN Jie, XIE Jia-li

2015, 20(4):  404-408. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of total triterpenoids of prunella vulgaris L.(TTP) on proliferation and apoptosis in hepatic stellate cell-T6 (HSC-T6) stimulated by acetaldehyde and its partial mechanisms.METHODS: HSC-T6 cells were stimulated by acetaldehyde and treated with different doses of TTP (10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 μg/mL), the HSC-T6 proliferation were detected by MTT, the apoptosis rate were analyzed by flowcytometry, and the expression of mRNA levels of α-SMA, ProcollagenⅠ, smad2, smad3, smad7 were detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS: As compared with the model group, TTP could inhibit HSC-T6 stimulated by acetaldehyde and induce the apoptosis. Furthermore, TTP reduced the mRNA expression of α-SMA, ProcollagenⅠ, Smad2, Smad3 and increase Smad7.CONCLUSION: TTP can inhibit the proliferation of HSC-T6 stimulated by acetaldehyde and induce the apoptosis, down-regulate the expression of α-SMA, ProcollagenⅠ, which might be associated with the inhibition of the expression of Smad2、Smad3 and the increase of Smad7

Effects of buqihuoxue particles on glucose and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in mice

CHEN Yong-rong, ZHONG Kai-long, HONG Hao

2015, 20(4):  409-413. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of buqihuoxue particles on glucose and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes in mice.METHODS: Mice were intravenously injected once with STZ (170 mg/kg) to induce experimental type 1 diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia(Fasting blood glucose, FBG≥11.1 mmol/L). After grouping, diabetic mice were intragastrically administered with buqihuoxue particles for 4 weeks. FBG was measured every week, and serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined after 4 weeks of treatment.RESULTS: During the 4 weeks of treatment, the FBG level of all drug treatment groups gradually decreased but the decrease was statistically insignificant(P>0.05) compared with vehicle treatment group. Treatment with buqihuoxue particles led to a trend toward decreases in the levels of TG and LDL-C but increase in HDL-C level (P>0.05). Importantly, buqihuoxue particles (middle dose and high dose) significantly decreased TC level in type 1 diabetic mice (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Buqihuoxue particles have a trend toward amelioration of glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, especially, it significantly decreases TC level.

Relationship between related factors of canonical Wnt pathways and colorectal cancer staging

TAO Kun, ZHAO Guo-hai, ZHANG Yi-sheng, XU Hua-ping, CHEN Fang-zheng, ZHANG Xiao-feng, WU Ze-hui

2015, 20(4):  414-419. 

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AIM: To evaluate the relationship between the related factors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and the stages of colorectal cancer.METHODS: We collected the clinical data, serum specimens and pathological tissue samples of 46 cases of patients with colorectal cancer who admitted in gastrointestinal surgery of the first affiliated hospital of Wannan Medical college from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2014. According to the Dukes staging, these was divided into four groups. 10 cases of normal intestinal mucosa specimens were recruited as control group 1. The protein expression of Wnt-2, β-catenin, Axin, APC were detected by using immunohistochemical methods. 15 serum samples of healthy individuals were recruited as control group 2. The concentration of Wnt-2, β-catenin, Axin, APC in serum were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: The protein expression of Wnt-2 and β-catenin in colorectal cancer tissue were significantly higher than that in the normal intestinal mucosa, while the Axin and APC were lower than that in the normal intestinal mucosa, and the differences between different colorectal cancer stagings were statistically significant. The concentration of Wnt-2 in 46 cases of colorectal cancer patients serum was significantly higher than that in healthy people, and the differences between different colorectal cancer staging have statistical significances. The serum concentration of Axin was lower than in the healthy people, but there was no statistical difference between different colorectal cancer stagings.CONCLUSION: The expression of the related factors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways was associated with colorectal cancer Dukes staging. The related factors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways can be used as auxiliary serum examination index, contributing to improve colorectal cancer detection sensitivity.

Effects of examining prescriptions on rational application of antibiotics in diabetes patients combined with urinary tract infection

ZHANG Wen, WANG Lin, XU Wen-ke

2015, 20(4):  420-424. 

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AIM: To discuss the effects of examining prescriptions on rational application of antibiotics in diabetes patients combined with urinary tract infection.METHODS: 139 cases of patients with diabetes combined with urinary tract infection were collected in Department of endocrinology from June 2012-May 2014. And then the cases were divided into control group and experimental group according to whether the clinical pharmacists intervention. The pathogen distribution, drug resistance of bacterial, and the rationality of antimicrobial usage of two groups were comparatively analyzed.RESULTS: E. coli and enterococcus were more common detected by urine culture. Resistance of bacterial of ampicillin and levofloxacin were high. The dug resistance of gram-negative bacteria to ampicillin- sulbactam in experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05),while the dug resistance of gram positive bacteria to azithromycin in experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). The number of cases of rational use of antimicrobial drugs in experimental group was significantly increased than that in the control group(P<0.05). The number of cases of not collecting urine culture, no adjustment of antimicrobial agents according to drug sensitive test, inadequate treatment and no combination indications in experimental group was significantly decreased than those in the control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacists promote the rational use of antimicrobial agents of diabetic patients with urinary tract infection by examining prescriptions.

Meta analysis on the efficacy of capecitabine in the chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer

LAN Ke, LI Wen-han, XU Zi-sen, DANG Cheng-xue

2015, 20(4):  425-429. 

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AIM: In recent years, the conclusion about the efficacy and toxicity of capecitabine in the chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer was discordant. This Meta analysis was to ascertain the efficacy and toxicity of capecitabine in metastatic or advanced breast cancer.METHODS: By searching the Cochrane, Pubmed, EMbase, Medline, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang databases, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs about chemotherapy with or without capecitabine before March 2014 were included. Date were merged and analysed by RevMan 5.2.RESULTS: Nine RCTs and one quasi-RCT involving 1 449 patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer were included. Results showed that the chemotherapy which included capecitabine had higher overall survival (OR)(RR=1.61;95%CI:1.29-2.02,P<0.0001), complete survival (CR)(RR=1.68;95%CI:1.04-2.71,P<0.03), gastrointestinal reaction, hand-foot syndrome rate and lower myalgia rate, myelotoxicity rate when compared with chemotherapy without capecitabine.CONCLUSION: This Meta analysis shows that chemotherapy which included capecitabine can increase the OR and CR in the metastatic or advance breast cancer. Correspondingly, people should pay more attention to some of the adverse events such as hand-foot syndrome.

Establishment of pyrosequencing method for detection of k-ras mutation

ZHOU Xia-hui, WU Cheng-jiu, XIAO Le-dong, SUN Li-xian, CAO Zhong

2015, 20(4):  430-434. 

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AIM: To establish a pyrosequencing method for detecting k-ras mutation and to investigate the frequency and characteristic of k-ras of patients with colorectal cancer.METHODS: A total of 10 DNA specimens from the ministry of health clinical test center of China for external quality assessment were prepared for k-ras mutation detecting method verification. A total of 230 DNA specimens from patients with colorectal cancer were used for k-ras mutation detection.RESULTS: The overall positive rate of k-ras gene mutations obtained by pyrosequencing was 14.34% (33/230), and the positive rate of mutations was 10% (23/230) at codon 12 [5.22% (12/230) for 35G>A, 3.04% (7/230) for 35G>T, 1.74% (4/230) for 34G>T] and 4.34% (10/230) at codon 13[0.43% (1/230) for 37G>A, 3.91% (9/230) for 38G>A].CONCLUSION: This pyrosequencing method to detect k-ras mutation is proved to be a rapid, accurate and high throughput method alternative to conventional method, and it can be a preferred option in research and clinical application.

URAT1 allele 6092(T/C) polymorphism influence uricosuric action of losartan in hyperuricemia patients with hypertension

HUANG Xu-hui, SUN Hong, CAI Jia-qin, JU Ming-yu

2015, 20(4):  435-440. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of URAT1 6092(T/C) polymorphism on uricosuric action of losartan in Chinese hyperuricemia patients with hypertension.METHODS: A total of 101 patients and 117 healthy controls were enrolled to identify 6092T/C genotypes by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.All patients received orally losartan as a single-dose therapy (100 mg/d p.o.) for 2 weeks. The blood pressure,serum creatinine(Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum uric acid(Ur), total cholesterol(CHOL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglyceride(TG) were determined before and after losartan treatment.RESULTS: After treatment,patients with the T6092C polymorphism TC/CC genotype showed significant lower levels. Compared with patients with the TT genotype,the decreased value and percentage of Ur, Cr was low ,moreover, patients with CT/CC genotype also showed significant lower levels of decreased percentage of Ur (1.34%±2.12%,-0.2%±3.8%) compared with patients with the TT genotype (22.58%±14.46%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: These results suggest that URAT1 6092(T/C) polymorphism can influence the uricosuric action of losartan and it is potential genetic markers for the optimization of losartan uricosuric action.

A clinical observation of hepatic vein pressure gradient and flow rate after Octreotide treatment of bleeding esophageal varices

WU Chun-song, ZHANG Ling, ZHOU Wei, FENG Yi-zheng, ZHU Peng-wu

2015, 20(4):  441-444. 

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AIM: To observe the change of hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG) after Octreotide treatment of bleeding esophageal varice (BEV).METHODS: BEV patients were randomly assigned to low dose Octreotide group (group A, n=18); high dose octreotide group (group B, n=18) and control group (n=18). The three groups were treated by the same basic method (abrosia, transfusion, blood transfusion and symptomatic treatment). Patients in group A and B were administered octreotide at a rate of 25 μg/h and 50 μg/h respectively. HVPG and other clinical parameters of patients in all the groups were observed and comparatively analyzed.RESULTS: The HVPG of patients in group A and B were significantly different before and after 24 h and 72 h post-octreotide treatment compared with that of group C (P=0.00,P=0.00). There was a significant difference between group A and group B after 24 h octreotide treatment also(P=0.00), but There was no significant difference after 72 h (P=0.14).CONCLUSION: Octreotide is effective in the treatment of BEV by reducing HVPG and its effect is significantly different from omeprazole monotherapy.

Progress in thrombomodulin researches

LI Chen-yu, SUN Xiao-hong, WANG li, LI Hua

2015, 20(4):  445-449. 

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Thrombomodulin(TM)is expressed mainly in vascular endothelium. The injury on endothelium causes the abnormal expression of TM and secretion of TM into blood. Therefore, TM is accepted as the marker for endothelial injury and associated with the initiation and developments of many kinds of disease. The present review summarized the recent advances of TM on anti-inflammation, maintaining epithelial morphology, improving hematopathy and transplantation, and anti-tumor effects. These findings suggest that TM not only possess diagnostic and prognostic significance, but also become the important therapeutic target or agent for many kinds of diseases.

Progress in umbilical cord blood transplantation for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and ischemic stroke

YE Zhuang , LI Zhi-qi

2015, 20(4):  450-454. 

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Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) is abundant with immature stem cells. These stem cells have the potential to repair damaged tissue. HUCB transplantation can produce various effects in animal models such as neuroprotection, nerve regeneration, anti-inflammatory, and vascular regeneration effect.At present, it is generally acknowledged that HUCB stem cells transplantation plays an important role in the treatment of blood diseases, but it can also be applied to neurological disorders, and has made great progress on the basis of clinical trials. This review briefly expounds the therapeutic mechanism of HUCB transplantation and research in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and ischemic stroke.

Applications of Eculizumab, a humanized anti-complement factor C5 monoclonal antibody

WANG Yan, LV Li

2015, 20(4):  455-459. 

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The complement system is an important part of the innate immune system. Complement plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of many disorders. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a refractory hemolytic disease caused by acquired hematopoietic stem cell gene mutation. Eculizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits complement factor C5. It was approved as the only recognition of directional drug for the treatment of PNH by the US FDA and the European Commission in 2007. In this article, the applications of Eculizumab in treating PNH and other complement related diseases in recent years will be reviewed.

Epigenetic modulation——A novel therapeutic strategy for tamoxifen resistance

LOU Xiao-ya, SUN Hong, ZHOU Hong-hao

2015, 20(4):  460-465. 

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Tamoxifen (TAM) is a synthetic non-steroid anti-estrogen drug, which is widely used to treat estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer patients. However, about 40% ER positive patients develop acquired-resistance of TAM. Epigenetics is a totally new research direction. In this review, we will focus on the current progress of epigenetic regulation of mechanisms underlying TAM resistance, in order to get a better understand of TAM resistance and provide a new strategy for breast cancer therapy.

Research progress on the clinical resistance to tigecycline

LUO Dan, HAO Gang, LIN Si-si, GUO Wen-jing, XIA Yu-xuan, LV Liang-zhong

2015, 20(4):  466-468. 

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As a new glycylcycline antimicrobial agent, tigecycline (TIG) has been proved an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of adult complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated skin and skin structure infections. However, increasing evidence of drug resistance has been reported following the clinical treatment with TIG. This article offers an update overview of TIG pharmacological investigations, clinical applications, current microbial resistance and relative mechanisms.

Research progress on the pharmacokinetic profile of borneol

TENG Yi, YANG Hai-ling

2015, 20(4):  469-475. 

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In recent years, the research for their own properties of borneol and its impact on the rest of the drug in vivo is more. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the research of borneol in recent years. This paper reviews the progress of borneol and promote other drug on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of pharmacokinetic aspects. The results showed that the borneol can change the blood brain barrier (BBB) ,cornea, skin and other mucous membrane structure, and to promote other drugs through these structures to reach the site of action. But the study of metabolism of borneol is still inadequate,in synthetic borneol is vented or prototype components to be converted into camphor discharge are divided on the issue. More serious problem is that a lot of research ignores the composition owing to the different varieties of characteristics of borneol, making it is impossible to refer to each other, and even inconsistencies between the various research results. These problems are to be solved.

Research progress in association of the DIO2 and UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms with Levothyroxine dose

XU Jiao, CHEN Bin, JI Cheng

2015, 20(4):  476-480. 

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Hypothyroidism occurs as a result of underproduction or underutilization of thyroid hormone due to various causes. It is one of the most common endocrine disorders. Oral levothyroxine (L-T₄) is the drug of choice for the management of hypothyroidism. But approximately 10% of hypothyroid patients are dissatisfied with the outcome of L-T₄ replacement. Several factors can affect achieving the goals with L-T₄ therapy; in addition to age, concurrent medications, patient compliance and so on, genetic factors are also important, such as the type 2 deiodinase gene (DIO2) and the uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 gene polymorphisms. To understand the association between gene polymorphisms and L-T₄ dose in patients with primary hypothyroidism will be further improved patient outcomes and provide reference for clinical use.