Table of Content

Volume 14 Issue 3
26 March 2009

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Advances in targeted induction of DNA methylation and cancer therapy

MA Ai-niu, WANG Yong-xiang, ZHOU Xiang-jun

2009, 14(3):  241-244. 

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DNA methylation is one of the important events in epigenetic regulation.It inhibits gene expression in the transcription level resulting in gene silencing.Recent studies revealed that DNA methylation not only occurs naturally in organism, but also targeting induced by special RNA DNA.Oncogenesis exist abnormally low methylation in tumor cells, which is considered to be one of the pathogeneses of tumors.Thus inhibition of the expression of oncogenesis and the growth of tumor by targeted induction of DNA methylation provides a new way for cancer therapy.This review summarizes the effects of targeted induction of DNA methylation on cancer therapy in preclinical studies.

Approach of the molecular mechanisms and the oxidative stress levels on pioglitazone improving insulin resistance condition

LI Lan-fang, HUANG Xiu-qing, YUAN Hui-ping, LI Miao, WANG Shu, MAN Yong, LIJian

2009, 14(3):  245-249. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of pioglitazone on oxidative stress levels and insulin resistance and initially approach the molecular mechanisms of pioglitazone improving insulin resistance. METHODS: The insulin resistance cell models were induced by TNF-α(4 ng mL) to stimulate human hepatoma carcinoma cell HepG2.The cytotoxicity of HepG2 was observed by MTT.The concentrations of glucose in cell culture fluid of HepG2 were detected using a glucose oxidase assay kit.The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species were detected by DCFH-DA fluorescent probe and flow cytometry.The expressions of JNK, p-JNK, IRS1 were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS: After HepG2 was stimulated by TNF-α, the glucose uptake was blocked, the glucose concentrations were significantly increased in cell culture fluid, the active oxygen levels were significantly increased in cells, the JNK was activated, the expression of IRS1 was decreased.Pioglitazone could significantly decrease the active oxygen levels, inhibit JNK phosphorylation, promote the expression of IRS1, improve insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone could improve the insulin resistance condition by degrading oxidative stress levels and inhibiting JNK passway.

Study on mechanism of changes of catecholamine content in insulin-resistance rats

LI Shan, DING Qi-long

2009, 14(3):  250-255. 

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AIM: To observe the changes of catecholamine content in the center and periphery of insulin-resistance rats induced by high-fat diet. METHODS: The formation of insulin-resistance model was assessed with serum glucose, serum insulin, index of insulin sensitivity and index of insulin resistance.The role of mifepristone antagonizing glucocorticoid was checked by the change of serum corticosterone.The blood pressure was measured by the tail cuff method. Activities of the catecholamine sympathetic nervous in the center and periphery of insulin-resistance rats were investigated by the measurements of dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline in hypothalamus, brainstem, serum and adrenals. RESULTS: Administration of 8 weeks of high-fat diet induced insulin-resistance rats model with increase of systolic blood pressure and catecholamine contents in the center and periphery (P<0.01).Mifepristone significantly improved blood pressure and catecholamine in the center and periphery (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Increased catecholamine contents in the center and periphery might be related to the changes of glucocorticoid in serum of insulin-resistance rats induced by high-fat diet.

Effects of rosiglitazone and atorvastatin alone or combination on aortic atherosclerotic area and TNF-αin hypercholesterolemic rabbits

WU Xu-bin, ZHOU Sheng-hua, LIN Ying-zhong, XU Guang-ma, HU Chang-xin, WEI Kai-fu

2009, 14(3):  255-260. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone and atorvastatin alone or combination on aortic atherosclerotic area and TNF-αsynthesis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. METHODS: Thirty male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into normal diet group (n =6) and high-cholesterol diet group (1 % cholesterol diet, n =24).After 8 weeks, hypercholesterolemic rabbits were randomly fed with starch (starch group, n =6), atorvastatin (atorvastatin group, 5 mg·kg ^-1 ·d ^-1, n =6) or rosiglitazone (rosiglitazone group, 3 mg·kg ^-1·d ^-1, n =6), rosiglitazone plus atorvastatin [combination group, atorvastatin (5 mg·kg ^-1 ·d ^-1), rosiglitazone (3 mg·kg ^-1 ·d ^-1), n = 6].Four weeks later, all rabbits were killed, and monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood monocytes of these rabbits, then were cultured for 24 hours. TNF-αantigens in plasm and monocytes were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Compared with normal diet group, levels of TNF-αwere increased in plasma and monocytes of high-cholesterol diet groups.Compared with starch group, the area of atherosclerotic lesions and the levels of TNF-αin plasma and monocytes of hypercholesterolemic rabbits were decreased in rosiglitazone, atorvastatin, or rosiglitazone plus atorvastain groups, furthermore, which had a more significant reduction in rosiglitazone plus atorvastain group (P<0.01).There was a positive correlation between the area of atherosclerotic lesions and the levels of TNF-αin plasm and monocytes (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin combined with rosiglitazone assuage atherosclerosis through suppressing TNF-α secretion in peripheral blood monocytes.Synergistic administration of rosiglitazone and atorvastatin exerts a better anti-atheromatous effect.

Effects of melatonin on acute necotizing pancreatitis associated lung injury and the expression of macrophage migration inhibition factor

DONG Le-mei, WU Jian-sheng, JIA Guo-bao, FANG Pei-pei, SUN Xue-cheng, NI Yin

2009, 14(3):  261-264. 

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AIM: To clarify the effects of melatonin on acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP)associated lung injury and the expressions of macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF)and TNF-αin the lung of rats. METHODS: A total of 36 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(SO), acute necrotizing pancreatitis group (ANP) and melatonin group (MT).ANP was induced by the injection of sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct.Rats inMT group were injected intraperitoneally with MT 30 min before the induction of ANP.Rats were sacrificed at 4 and 24 hours after the induction of ANP(n =6 for each time point).RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA levels of MIF and TNF-αin the lung.Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed on the lung tissues to detect MIF.The histopathological changes of the pancrea and the lung were also observed. RESULTS: Compared with the SO group. the pancreatic and pulmonary pathological changes in ANP group and MT group were significantly aggravated. the mRNA levels of MIF and TNF-αin the lung were markedly up-regulated(P<0.05), Compared with the ANP group. the pulmonary and pancreatic pathological changes in MT group were alleviated. the mRNA levels of MIF and TNF-αin the lung of MT group were decreased significantly (P<0.05).Positive immunostaining for MIF was observed predominantly within the bronchial epithelial cells in the lung. CONCLUSION: MIF may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ANP associated lung injury. MT can reduce its expression and alleviate the lung injury.

Effect of Yiqiyangyin Fang on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in tumor cells transplanted on chick chorioallantoic membrane

SUN Jing

2009, 14(3):  265-268. 

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AIM: To study the role of Yiqiyangying Fang on angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor cells transplanted on chick chorioallantoic membrane(CAM). METHODS: The chicken CAM model with tumor cells transplanted was adopted.The drug-contained serum was prepared using serum pharmacological method.The effect of CAM angiogenesis induced by tumor cells was observed in serum containing drugs and normal sodium serum as control group.The expression of VEGF in tumor cells transplanted on CAM was investigated by immunohistochemical analytics methods. RESULTS: The rat blood serum containing Yiqiyangying Fang inhibited angiogenesis in chicken CAM induced by tumor cells transplanted.The expression of VEGF in Yiqiyangying Fang group was lower than that in control group, there was statistical difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Yiqiyangying Fang has significant inhibitory effects on angiogenesis induced by tumor cells in CAM.The down-regulation of VEGF expressions may be one of its mechanisms for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.

Renal protective effect of rosiglitazone in hypertensive rats

DUMi-wen, HUANG Hong-chun, LIU Shu-hua, YAN Han, ZHANG Li-li, ZHU Gang-yan, ZHAO Zhiming, WANG Fu-liang, LI Li

2009, 14(3):  269-273. 

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AIM: To observe the expression of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) in renal interstitium of two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats and the relationship between CTGF and renal damage, and to investigate the influnece of rosiglitazone on the expression of CTGF in renal interstitium and the mechanisms of renal protection of rosiglitation. METHODS: Twokidney one-clip hypertensive rats were divided randomly into the positive control group(group B) and the rosiglitazone therapy group(group C), sham operated group were fed as the negative control group(group A).The changes of blood pressure were monitored in each stage of experiment of all groups.The urine β2-MG, blood urea nitrogen (Bun) and serum creatinine (Cr) were detected, the expression of CTGF in the nephridial tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, the pathological changes and the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis respectively were judged. RESULTS: Compared with group A the contents of β2-MG were markedly increased in group B and C(P<0.01) before the treatment, there was no significant difference between group B and C (P >0.05).Compared with group B, the contents of β2-MG in group C were decreased significantly(P<0.05) after the treatment.The expressions of CTGF in group B and C were significantly increased compared with A (P<0.01), the expressions of CTGF were decreased in group C (P<0.05) compared with group B.There was a significant positive correlation between the expressions of CTGF, the contents of β2-MG and the scores of renal interstitium fibrosis (r = 0.734, P<0.01 ;r =0.777, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Rosiglitazone can delay the development of renal interstitial fibrosis by reducing blood pressure and albuminuria, and downregulating the expressions of CTGF in renal interstism so it educes kidney protection.

Separation and purification of the anti-clotting protein component from venom of Agkistrodon and its acute toxicity testing

HUAI Jian-guo, RUI Jing

2009, 14(3):  274-278. 

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AIM: To separate and purify a new anti-clotting protein component(ACPF-7221)from the venom of Agkistrodon.The acute toxicity experiment of ACPF-7221 and the death rate were studied and the LD50 and 95 % confidence interval were determined in mice. METHODS: The venom of Agkistrodon was separated and purified using ion-exchange chromatography of DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow, molecular sieve filtration through Sephadex G75, SP-Sepharose Fast Flow and molecular sieve filtration through Sephadex G50, the anticoagulation components were recalled using activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)activity assay.ACPF-7221 was given to mice by intravenous injection, and the dosage was determined according to the body weight of mice.The LD50 and 95 % confidence were calculated by the death outcome. RESULTS: ACPF-7221 was separated and purified, which was a trimer consisted of three kinds of protein and their relative molecular mass were 25000, 30000 and 50000, and the protein level was 65 %.The LD50 of ACPF-7221 was 7.848mg kg, and its 95 % confident interval was 7.353-8.375 mg kg. CONCLUSION: A new anti-clotting protein component ACPF-7221 was extracted from the venom of Agkistrodon by ion-exchange chromatography, which is a trimer consisted of three kinds of protein.The critical orga of acute toxicity is lung, empsyxis asphyxia deduces death.

Effects of tea polyphenols on the serum lipid and inflammation factor in experimental atherosclerosis rabbits

DENG Zu-yue, KANG Hua, XIN Yan-fei, KUANG Rong

2009, 14(3):  279-282. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of tea polyphenols (TP) on the serum lipid, the anti-oxidant system and inflammaory factor in experimental atherosclerosis (AS) rabbits. METHODS: Experimental AS model of rabbits was made by feeding high fat diet (HFD).All rabbits were treated with TP (i.g., 100 mg·kg ^-1 ·d^-1) or vehicle for 12 weeks.The contents of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, NO, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, SOD and GSH-Px in serum were measured.And the pathomorphological changes of aorta were observed. RESULTS: TP could effectively reduce the area of atherosclerotic plaques in HFD treated rabbits.It also decreased the plasma levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in hyperlipemia rabbits(P<0.01).At the same time, TP treatment lead to the up-regulation of plasma HDL-C levels(P<0.01) and SOD, GSH-Px activity.Moreover, it could decrease the plasma levels of NO, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-αin HFD treated rabbits(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The anti-atherogenic effect of TP seems to be related to reducing serum lipids, preventing lipid hyperoxidation and inhibiting the production of inflammatory factor.

Anti-oxidative effect of Jiangtang compound recipe on subacute agingmodel mice

ZHANG Juan, WU Guan-zhong

2009, 14(3):  283-286. 

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AIM: To study the effect of antioxidation in subacute aging model mice with Jiangtang compound recipe which composed of kudzuvine root, heartleaf houttuynia herb and Evonymus alatas. METHODS: By using the D-galactose-induced aging mice, the body weight, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutarse(SOD) and glutothine peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum and tissues were determined. RESULTS: To the model mice, Jiangtang compound recipe (14, 7 g kg, i.g.) reduced the content of MDA, enhanced the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum and tissuses, inhibited the decrease of body weight. CONCLUSION: Jiangtang compound recipe shows a remarkable anti-oxidative effect on the D-galactose-induced aging mice.

Study on in vitro antimicrobial activity of Colistin and other antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii

LI Ran, SHI Lu-wen, WANG Rui, LIANG Bei-bei, SONG Xiu-jie, CAI Yun

2009, 14(3):  287-291. 

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AIM: To investigate the antimicrobial activity of Colistin and other antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii. METHODS: The agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)of Colistin and other antibiotics against 70 Acinetobacter baumannii collected from PLA General Hospital, Peking Hospital and Beijing Union Hospital.The sensitive rate was judged by CLSI stan-dard. RESULTS: The resistant rates of 70 Acinetobacter baumannii to penicillins and cephalosporins, carbopenems (meropenem and imipenem cilastatin), aminoglycosides(netilmicin and amikacin), fluoroquinolones(ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin)were 71.4 %-82.9 %, 75.7 %-77.1 %, 71.4 %-75.7 %, 32.8 %-82.9 %.Fifty-five multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated.All Acinetobacter baumannii in the study were sensitive to Colistin, the MIC50 and MIC90 were both 1 μg mL. CONCLUSION: Acinetobacter baumannii in the study were resistant to many antibiotics including penicillins and cephalosporins, carbopenems, aminoglycosides.Colistin has good antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii.

Effects of erycin on NF-κB and Th2 in rats with asthma

ZHANG Jin-bo, WU Cheng-yun, LI Zhi-qiang1, DAI Yuan-rong

2009, 14(3):  292-295. 

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AIM: To explore the effects of erycin on the expression of cytokines such as NF-κB and Th2 in asthmatic rats. METHODS: The peripheral blood monouclear cells(PBMCs) were separated and cultured from rats in bronchial asthma, normal control and erycin-treatment groups.The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in plasma, the expressions of NF-κB mRNA and NF-κB protein in PBMCs were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with normal group the expressions of NF-κB mRNA and NF-κB protein in PBMCs and the concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in supernatant were higher in asthmatic group (P<0.05).Compared with the asthmatic group, the above indexes were decreased significantly in erycin-treatment group (P<0.05).There were positive correlations between the expression of NF-κB protein in PBMCs and the concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in supernatant (r =0.78, 0.86 and 0.71, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: NF-κB may play a role in patho-physiological course of asthma.Erycin could effectively treat asthma by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB.

Effect of Exendin-4 on the glucose tolerance and serum glucose level in normal animals

YUAN Lin, YAN Tian-hua, WANG Qiu-juan, GUO Qing-long

2009, 14(3):  296-299. 

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AIM: To study the effect of Exendin-4 on the glucose tolerance and serum glucose level in normal animals. METHODS: The fasting blood glucose concentration was tested at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 h and 2, 4 week after the first administration of Exendin-4 (0.1, 0.3, 0.9 g kg, 4 weeks, qd) in Wistar rats, taking insulin as positive control.Before intragastric administration 2.5 g kg glucose, Exendin-4 (0.2, 0.6, 1.8 g kg) were subcutaneously injected, then the fasting blood glucose concentration was tested at 0.5, 1, 2 h after the glucose loading.After hypodermic administration of Exendin-4 (0.2, 0.6, 1.8 g kg), half of the mice were subcutaneously administrated 2.5 g kg glucose 15 min later, and the insulin was tested at the end of the experiment. RESULTS: Exendin-4 could not significantly change the fasting blood glucose concentration at different times.The fasting blood glucose concentration was significantly decreased after glucose loading by administration Exendin-4.Exendin-4 could increase the serum insulin concentration remarkably after glucose loading and could not change much without glucose loading. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the blood glucose regulation of Exendin-4 was related to the concentration of glucose.

Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus

HE Jun, ZHOU Wei, WANG Lian-ci, HE Ting-ye, WANG Dan, FAN Lan, ZHANG Wei, ZHOU Hong-hao

2009, 14(3):  300-306. 

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AIM: To identify the frequencies and distributive characteristics of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 in Chinese type 2 diabete mellitus. METHODS: The functional allele CYP2C8^＊3, CYP2C8P404A,CYP2C9^＊ 3 were detected by PCR-RFLP and DHPLC methods in 222 T2DM patients.The CYP2C8IVS 2 (-5insert t)whose function remains unclear was also detected.The frequency of all these alleles were calculated. RESULTS: The alleles of CYP2C8^＊3 and P404A were not found in 222 T2DM patients.The allelic frequency of CYP2C8IVS2 (-5insert t)and CYP2C9^＊3 were 43 % and 2.48 %, respectively.There was no significant difference between the male and female on CYP2C8 IVS2 (-5insert t)and CYP2C9^＊3 alleles. The allelic frequency of CYP2C8IVS2 (-5insert t) combined with CYP2C9^＊1^＊3 was 6.3 %.There was no significant difference between the male and female on it, too. CONCLUSION: The frequency of CYP2C9^＊3 was 2.48 % in Chinese T2DM patients. The alleles of CYP2C8^＊3 and P404 were not found. The incidence of CYP2C8IVS2 (-5insert t)mutant was 43.0 %, and whether it has influences on CYP2C8 metabolism activity needs further study.

Study on essential metabolites of Epothilone D in human urine by liquid

ZHANG Chun-ling, ZHU Xiao-xia, QI Wen-yuan, LIU Jiang-lin, MENG Zhi-yun, WANG Yan-lin, WU Zhuo-na, SUN Guo-xiang, DOU Gui-fang

2009, 14(3):  307-312. 

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AIM: To investigate the essential metabolites of Epothilone D in human urine. METHODS: The urine samples of six volunteers after intervenous drop infusion of 125mg m2 were collected within 0-72 h, the samples were purified and separated through C18 solid-phase extraction column and analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.The potential metabolites were analyzed through comparing the TIC and SIM chromatograms of the blank urine and sample urine, and the structure of the metabolites were identified through the correlation of the full scan MSn spectra of Epothilone D and the metabolites. RESULTS: Eleven metabolites were found in human urine.There were three kinds of structure of metabolites, the metabolic ways of oxidation, hydrogenise, hydrolization and association reaction. CONCLUSION: The method was proved sensitively and selectively, and it is possible to supply a reliable reference for further study on the metabolites of Epothilones.

Effects of wuzhi-capsule on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam and its metabolite 1′-hydroxy midazolam in healthy volunteers

WU Xiao-chun, XIN Hua-wen, LI Qing, YU Ai-rong, XIONG Lei

2009, 14(3):  313-318. 

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AIM: To assess the effect of wuzhicapsule (WZ) on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam, a probe drug of CYP3A4, and its metabolite 1′-hydroxymidazolam in healthy volunteers so as to study the effects of wuzhi-capsule on CYP3A4. METHODS: The study was divided into two stages.On the first stage, 12 healthy male volunteers were orally treated with 15 mg midazolam and then with 3 capsules twice daily for 7 days.On the second stage, the volunteers took another 15 mg midazolam followed by 3 capsules of wuzhi-capsule.Blood samples were taken after midazolam was given on each stage.The midazolam and 1′-hydroxy midazolam concentrations in plasma were determined by LC MS MS, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic parameters of midazolam before and after coadministration with wuzhi-capsule were as follows: AUC0-24 were (578 ±227), (1186 ±320) μg·L^-1 ·h, t₁ 2 were (3.4 ±1.0), (3.6 ±1.1) h, CL (s) were(31 ±17), (14 ±6) L h, t_max were (0.8 ± 0.5), (1.6 ±1.2) h, C_max were(171 ±70), (282 ± 152) μg L,V F(C) were (149 ±98), (67 ±24) L. The pharmacokinetic parameters of 1′-hydroxy midazolam before and after coadministration with wuzhi-capsule were as follows:AUC0-24 were (141 ±699), (129 ±49) μg·L^-1·h, t₁ 2 were (5.6 ±3.3), (5.0 ±2.1) h, CL(s) were (130 ±68), (134 ±72) L h, t_max were (0.8 ±0.3), (1.6 ±1.2) h, C_max were (48 ±23), (36 ±28) μg L, V F(C) were (918 ±499), (935 ± 544) L. CONCLUSION: AUC0-24 and C_max were increased by 119.4 % and 85.6 % after midazolam administration, respectively.The CL(s) is decreased by 52.1 %.The t_max is one time longer.Wuzhi-capsule can markedly increase the blood concentration and bioavailability of midazolam.Wuzhi-capsule or some of its ingredints may be an inhibitor of CYP3A4.

Influence of creatinine clearance on serum methotrexate concentration in high-dose methotrexate therapy

LIN Xiao-wen, SHAO Hong, NIE Xiao-yan, SUN Ying-qi, ZHANG Le-ping, LI Yu-zhen, GU Jian

2009, 14(3):  319-322. 

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AIM: To study the influence of creatinine clearance on serum methotrexate(MTX)concentration in high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX)therapy. METHODS: The data was collected from 44 children who were diagnosed of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and were administered with 106 doses of HDMTX from Feb, 2006 to May, 2008.The association between creatinine clearance and serum methotrexate concentration at 24 and 42 h were retrospectively analyzed, by SPSS 12.0 format. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between creatinine clearance and 24 h serum methotrexate concentration (P<0.05).while was no significant correlation between creatinine clearance and 42 h serum methotrexate concentration(P >0.05). CONCLUSION: Creatinine clearance can be related with 24 h serum methotrexate concentration, and can be referenced in estimating 24 h serum methotrexate concentration.

Effects of Shaolingxiaozeng Tie on serum levels of NO and MMP-9mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cell on knee osteoarthritis patients

LI Heng, SHEN Lin, LI Li-qin, SHUAI Bo, GUO Xiang-hei

2009, 14(3):  322-327. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of Shaolingxiaozeng Tie on serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) on knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and further to study its mechanism. METHODS: Healthy group (n =21) was established with a randomized, double-blind, placebo, clinical trial research method.Sixty outpatients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into Shaolingxiaozeng Tie(n =39) and placebo (n =21) groups. The treatment lasted for 2 weeks.The serum levels of NO and MMP-9mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cell were measured before and after treatment.The changes of articular genu symptoms such as knee pain at rest and movement, tenderness, knee swelling, morning stiffness and the improvement of walking ability were scored by Lequesne's index before and after treatment. RESULTS: The serum levels of NO and MMP-9 mRNA in PBMC in Shaolingxiaozeng Tie and placebo groups were higher than those in healthy group, there were significant differences (P<0.05). After two weeks'treatment, the serum levels of NO and MMP-9 mRNA in PBMC and Lequesne's score in Shaolingxiaozeng Tie group were lower compared with the foundmental values, there were significant differences (P<0.05).There was signifcant positive correlation between the serum levels of NO and MMP-9 mRNA in PBMC and the knee pain at rest and movement, tenderness, knee swelling, morning stiffness, the walking ability and total Lequesne's score. CONCLUSION: Decreasing the concentration of serum NO and inhibiting the expression of MMP-9 mRNA in PBMC by various ways may be the action mechanisms of Shaolingxiaozeng Tie, so the clinical symptom of osteoarthritis is improved and relieved by inhibiting the apoptosis of chondrocytes and the degradation of cartilage matrix.

Clinical observation of clopidogrel resistance and clinical outcomes on patients with acute coronary syndrome

CHEN Bi-lian, XIE Qin-zhi, LI Qing

2009, 14(3):  328-332. 

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AIM: To detect ADP (adenosine diphosphate)-induced platelet aggregation rate of patients with acute coronary syndrome before and after clopidogrel treatment and survey the main cardiovascular events. METHODS: ADP-induced platelet aggregation rates of 88 cases stable angina pectoris patients and 102 cases acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients were detected before and after 5 days clopidogrel treatment.Patients were divided into three groups:nonresponders, low responders and normal responders according to inhibition degree.The main cardiovascular events were recorded during a month among using simple drug treatment and ACS patients. RESULTS: ADP-induced platelet aggregation rate with ACS patients was much higher than that of patients with stable angina pectoris[(80.4 ±7.8) % vs (56.2 ± 12.1) %, P<0.05] before clopidogrel treatment.Incidence rates of nonresponders and low responders were 21.6 % and 27.4 % respectively during using clopidogrel treatment. CONCLUSION: Patients with ACS have a higher platelet aggregation state.Inhibition levels of platelet aggregation rate have significant inter-individual difference after clopidogrel treatment.Incidence rates of diaphragmatic angina in nonresponders and low responders were obviously higher than that in normal responders(P<0.05).Incidence rate of angina pectoris using drug-eluting stent implantation was lower than that using simple drug treatment (P<0.05).

Compound of vitamin D and Calcium or combining with bisphosphonates in preventing bone loss induced by glucocorticoid

DING Xiao-kai, LIU Yi, XU Yu-lan, LIN Fan, WANG Yan-fei

2009, 14(3):  332-336. 

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AIM: To compare the effects of vitamin D and calcium compound alone or in combination with alendronate on preventing the loss of bone mineral induced by glucocorticoid. METHODS: 40 cases patients, diagnosed osteoporosis or osteopenia were divided into two groups.Group A were treated with a tablet of Caltrate D 0.6 g d and group B were treated with a tablet of Caltrate D 0.6 g d plus alendronate 70 mg week.The clinical painful symptoms, common biochemical indicators, the bone mineral density (BMD) changes of quantitative CT lumbar vertebra were observed at starting point and after 6 months treatment. RESULTS: There was no significant differences between two groups both in general indexes of basal level and in the total effective rates of pain relieveing.After treatment, the BMD of lumbar vertebra were decreased in group A (P<0.05), which were increased significantly in group B (P<0.01), the BMD of lumbar vertebra in group B was higher than that in group A (P<0.01).The changes of general biochemical indicators showed no difference in two groups before and after treatment (P >0.05). CONCLUSION: Long-term use of glucocorticoid induce loss of bone mineral continually.Compared with treated with compound of calcium and vitamin D alone, combination with alendronate can effectively prevent the loss of bone mineral content induced by long-term use of glucocorticoid.

Clinical observation of combination lornoxicam and Dexamethasone on preemptive analgesia in lower limbs operation

GUO Wei, JIN Xiao-ju, GUO Jian-rong, CHEN Xiao-fei, YUAN Xiao-hong

2009, 14(3):  337-341. 

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AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combination lornoxicam and Dexamethasone on preemptive analgesia in perioperative of lower limbs. METHODS: 100 patients undergoing lower limbs operation were randomly divided into four groups:group A (n =25) received lornoxicam 8 mg and Dexamethasone 10 mg, group B (n =25) received lornoxicam 8 mg and normal saline, group C (n =25) received dexamethasone 10 mg and normal saline, group D (n = 25) received only normal saline.The corresponding medicines were given at 30 min before anesthesia by intravenous injection, the epidural anesthesia were used during operation, and the. four groups received postoprerative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA).The visual analogue scores (VAS) after operation 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 h were recorded and the pointed pain degree (PD), the medium pain degree (MD) after operation 48 h and the Bruggrmann comfort scale (BCS), the somnus scale (SS) were utilized to evaluate analgesia effect and the degree of patients analgesia satisfaction.After operation, the utilization imformations of aid drugs were recorded and the correlated side-effects were observed, such as nausea, disgorging, Itch of skin, drowsiness, infection of incisional wound, delay unrecovery. RESULTS: There were significant differences on group D in the VAS pain scores and Bruggrmann comfort scale at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 after the operation compared with group A and B (P<0.05). The VAS pain scores in group A decreased at 2, 4, 8, 12 h after the operation (P<0.05) compared with group B, and the PD, MD, SS scores in group A decreased after the operation (P<0.05) compared with the other groups.The consumed aid drugs in group A, B were less than that in group C, D(P<0.05).The incidence rates of nausea, disgorging in group A were lower than that in group B and C and D (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of lornoxicam and Dexamethasone gets more satisfactory analgesia effects and less correlated adverse effects in perioperation of lower limbs.

Effects of Bacille Calmette Guerin on immunological function of infants with bronchiolitis

HUANG Hui, LIU Ya-li

2009, 14(3):  342-345. 

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AIM: To approach the effects of Bacille Calmette-Guerin(BCG) on immunological function of infants with bronchiolitis in vitro. METHODS: The monocytes were segregated from the peripheral blood of infants with acute bronchiolitis and healthy infants as control.The cytokines of IL-10 and IL-12 were measured by ELISA after interfered with different concentrations of BCG in vitro.IL-4, produced by lymphocytes treated with the cultural supernatant of BCG-stimulated monocytes were determined by ELISA.Acute bronchiolitis infants and health children treated with normal saline were as control. RESULTS: BCG stimulated IL-10 and IL-12 production in a dose response manner in a certain concentration range.The higher level of IL-10 was observed when BCG concentration reached 50 μL mL, while IL-12 had no significant increase.The level of IL-4 was markedly decreased compared with pre-treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Proper concentrations of BCG could induce a TH1 cytokine response effectively, the level of IL-4 was degraded after BCG intervention, presuming concerned with regular T cells(CD4 +CD25 +Tr) induced by IL-10.

Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of chemotherapy induced diarrhea

FANG Qing-fang

2009, 14(3):  351-355. 

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Chemotherapy induced diarrhea(CID) is one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy, it could not only impair the body constitution and life quality of patients, but also result in chemotherapy interruption and less efficacy.Many chemotherapeutic drugs could induce diarrhea, especially fluorouracil and irinotecan have the highest incidence rates.The article reviews the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of CID as well as explores the effective clinical treatments for cancer patients suffered with CID.

Research progress of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy

XUE Jia-rui, LANG Ping, WU Chang-fan

2009, 14(3):  356-360. 

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Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common and serious chronic complications.Recently, great quantities of researches show that there are correlations between the oxidative stress and the diabetic retinopathy.Hyperglycemia causes the oxidative stress, and it damages the retina through injuring the endothelial cells and mitochondria, generating abnormal metabolism pathway and promoting the inflammatory response, then the serious consequences have been caused such as retinal ischemia or even detachment.In clinic the antioxidant treatment has achieved some results.So this paper focuses on the relationship of the oxidative stress and the incidence of the diabetic retinopathy.