Table of Content

Volume 9 Issue 1
26 January 2004

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Mutant selection window and mutant prevention concentration for antimicrobial agents

LI Yan-Yu, PEI Fei, ZHAO Xi-Lin, WANG Rui

2004, 9(1):  1-7. 

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Mutant prevention concentration (MPC) is the lowest concentration threshold that restricts the selection of all single-step (next-step) mutant subpopulations; and mutant selection window (MSW) is a concentration range extending from MIC to MPC, within which resistant mutants are predominately enriched. When serum drug level is below MIC, no mutant will be enriched because selective pressure is absent, and it will be hardly selected while above MPC mutants because double mutations are required for growth;when within MSW however, mutants are most likely to be selectively enriched even though the clinical treatment may be effective. This theory may provide new approaches for drastically reducing selection of resistance and formulating new strategies for proper antimicrobial use during therapy.

Progress in research of brain natriuretic peptide and heart failure

CHEN Xie-Xing, HONG Hua-Shan, WANG Yi-Bo

2004, 9(1):  8-12. 

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Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is synthesized and secreted chiefly from heart. It is a cardiac neurohormone specifically secreted from the ventricles in response to volume expansion and pressure overload. BNP is also a plasma marker for diagnosis, therapy and prognosis in patients with heart failure.

Application of drug-eluting stents in percutaneouse coronary interangioplasty

LONG Bo, CHEN Yu-Cheng, ZENG Zhi

2004, 9(1):  13-16. 

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Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a common gerontal disease, and percutaneouse coronary interangioplasty (PCI) has already become a main treatment in CHD. However, restenosis to some extend has limited clinical application of PCI. The advent of drug-eluting stents brings optimistic prospect in preventing restenosis.

Immunoloregulation of fungi from paecilomyces

DING Bao-Jin, QIU Xiang-Jun

2004, 9(1):  17-19. 

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The fungi from paecilomyces have show some effects in the immunoloregulation to the immune organs, immunocytes and immune molecules. They can activate the mononuclear phagocyte system, enhance the function of T, B and NK cells, and increase the concentration of serum antibody and cytokines. All these effects were related to the component and dosage and the behavior of animals.

Effects of iptakalim hydrochloride on apoptosis of primary cultured cortical neurons induced by hypoxia

ZHANG Ying-Li, FENG Hua-Song, WANG Hai

2004, 9(1):  20-24. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of iptakalim hydrochloride (Ipt) on apoptosis of primary cultured cortical neurons induced by hypoxia.METHODS: Apoptosis was measured using electron microscope and flow cytometric analysis technique.The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was revealed by immunocytochemistry.RESULTS: Ipt 10 μmol·L^-1 was found to improve ultrastructural features of apoptosis of primary cultured cortical neurons induced by hypoxia;up-regulate Bcl-2 expression with no influence on Bax expression.Ipt (0.1-10 μmol·L^-1)was shown to decrease the percent of apoptosis dose-dependently.These effects were antagonized by KATP blocker glibenclamide (Gli).CONCLUSION: Ipt showed inhibitory effects on apoptosis of primary cultured cortical neurons induced by hypoxia and its mechanisms may be related with KATP and Bcl-2 expression.

SIB-1893 reversed 6-OHDA-induced inhibitory effect on glutamate uptake of astrocytes

ZHANG Yun, DING Jian-Hua, HU Gang

2004, 9(1):  25-28. 

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AIM: To study the effect of (E)-2-methyl-6-(2-phenylethenyl) pyridine, the metabotropic glutamate receptor5 (mGluR5) antagonist, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on astrocytic glutamate uptake activity.METHODS: Rat cortical astrocytes from 1 to 2 days old rats were separated for primary culture.Glutamate uptake activity of astrocytes was determined, using isotopic techniques, by intracellular 3H-labeled D, L-glutamate concentration. In addition, the extracellular glutamate concentration was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Cell viability was assessed with the Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity released into the incubation medium.RESULTS: 6-OHDA decreased astrocytic glutamate uptake in a concentration-dependent manner, but it had no effect on inducing glutamate release from astrocytes. Cell viability was also decreased in a concentration-dependent manner while LDH activity increased. SIB-1893 had no effect on normal astrocytic glutamate uptake, but increased glutamate uptake of impaired astrocytes caused by 6-OHDA.CONCLUSION: The neurotoxic mechanism of 6-OHDA may be associated with the decrease of astrocytic glutamate uptake activity. SIB-1893 can reverse the inhibitory effect induced by 6-OHDA on astrocytic glutamate uptake and therefore have neuroprotective effects.

Antiaging effect of ginsenoside Rg1 is related with the expression of p16,cyclin D1 and CDK4

JIN Jian-Sheng, ZHAO Chao-Hui, CHEN Xiao-Chun, ZHU Yuan-Gui, ZHENG Yu-Qi, LI Yong-Kun, PENG Xiao-Song, SHI Guang-Bin

2004, 9(1):  29-34. 

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AIM: To investigate the antiaging effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and the possible mechanism of cell cycle in senescence model induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP).METHODS: WI-38 cells were divided into 4 groups and randomly added with different concentrations of Rg1.From 30 population doubling (PD), WI-38 cells were exposed to t-BHP for 1 h at every two PDs. Four stresses were induced to reach premature senescence.The changes of cells of were observed by microscope and flow cytometric assay, and the SA-β-galactosidase staining was used to investigate the antiaging effect of ginsenoside Rg1.The expression of CDK4, cyclin D1 and p16 was detected by Western blot.RESULTS: Cells of Rg1 groups were smaller and less flat than those in the group only treated with t-BHP. In addition, the number of secondary lysosome, cells in G₁ phase, and activity of β-galactosidase decreased.Futhermore it showed higher expression of CDK4 and lower expression of cyclin D1 and p16 in comparison with cells only treated with t-BHP.CONCLSION: The possible mechanism of antiaging effect of Rg1 is to regulate the expression of p16, cyclin D1 and CDK4 In senescence model induced by t-BHP.

Effects of iptakalim hydrochloride on association and dissociation kinetic processes of [³H] P1075 binding with ATP-sensitive potassium channels in artery smooth muscles

LONG Chao-Liang, HE Hua-Mei, WANG Hai

2004, 9(1):  35-38. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of iptakalim hydrochloride (Ipt) on the association and dissociation kinetic processes of [³H] P1075 binding with sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) in artery smooth muscles derived from Wistar rats.METHODS: The experiments of the association and dissociation kinetic processes of KATP opener [³H] P1075 binding with endothelium-denuded aorta smooth muscles were used.RESULTS: When artery smooth muscle preparations were preincubated with Ipt 100 μmol·L^-1, the association kinetic processe of [³H]P1075 binding with SUR was retarded.The apparent association rate constant (KA) of [³H] P1075 binding with SUR was 28.3 % as much as that of control group (P<0.01).The dissociation kinetic processes of bounded [³H] P1075 with SUR was accelerated.The apparent dissociation rate constant (KD) were 3.53-fold as much as that of control group (P<0.01).Under the same experimental conditions, the effects of KATP opener Pin were similar with those of Ipt.The values of KA and KD were 35 % and 2.88-fold as much as those of control group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The effects of Ipt are similar with those of KATP opener Pin.Both of them have allosteric modulatory effects on KATP.They can inhibit the association kinetic processes and accelerate the dissociation kinetic processes of openers binding with KATP.

Therapeutic effects of tinidazole membrane on experimental periodontitis and its oral mucosa irritation in rats

WANG Lin-Hui, JI Hui, REN Ping, LI Dong-Xia, WEI Dong-Zhi

2004, 9(1):  39-43. 

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AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of tinidazole membrane(TM)on experimental periodontitis and its irritation on oral mucosa in rats.METHODS: SD rats were ligated with silk floss on the first molar of right upper jaw, injected (im)with hydrocortidelt and fed with special food to induce experimental periodontitis.Model animals were treated with TM by pasted on the lesion region for 7 days in succession(once a day), then the therapeutic effects were observed.The irritation of TM on the oral mucosa in rats was observed after TM were administrated 7 days.RESULTS: TM 0.075, 0.175 and 0.375 mg per rat had significantly therapeutic effect on the soft tissues inflammation of experimental periodontitis, and their effects were as same as or superior to tinidazole 100 mg·kg^-1 (ig).After TM 1.5 mg·cm^-2(0.5 cm×0.5 cm)were treated for 7 days in succession through pasted on the inside cheek, and the oral mucosa had no significant change.CONCLUSION: TM has significantly therapeutic effect on experimental periodontitis and no significant oral mucosa irritation in rats.

Influence of nicotine on protein kinase A and protein kinase C activities in the rat brain

SUN Xiu-Lan, LIU Yue, HU Gang, WANG Hai

2004, 9(1):  44-47. 

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AIM: To determine the effects of nicotine treatment on protein kinase A and protein kinase C activities in the rat brain.METHODS: Treated with nicotine, nicotinic receptors were in activated state, subacute desensitized state, acute desensitized state or chronic desensitized state, respectively. PKA and PKC sample were abstained from the rat whole brain. PKA and PKC activities were assayed by transferring phosphorus (³²P) into the biotinylated peptide Neurogranin and Kemptide, the most specific substrate for PKC and PKA substrates. In addition, using GeneChip to analyze the changes in genes expression of PKC and PKA related proteins after chronic treatment with nicotine.RESULTS: There were no differences in activities of PKA and PKC between control rats and nicotine-treated rats when nicotinic receptors were activated, but PKA and PKC activities were decreased when nicotinic receptors were in subactue, acute or chronic desensitized states induced by nicotine. After chronic treated with nicotine, PKC Ⅲ was up-regulated, and there were 9 transcripts no changed, such as PKC α, γ, ζand CREB, CREM, etc.CONCLUSION: The desensitized nicotinic receptors as a result of nicotine administration, can down-regulate the PKA and PKC activities, and induce the adaptation changes in signal transduction system, which might be responsible for the mechanism of nicotine tolerance.

Comparison of in vitro activity of gatifloxacin and other four fluoquinolones against clinical isolates

LIANG Bei-Bei, LIU Qing-Feng, ZHAO Tie-Mei, ZHU Man, FANG Yi, WANG Rui

2004, 9(1):  48-51. 

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AIM: To compare in vitro activity of gatifloxacin against 182 clinical isolated pathogens with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin and sparfloxacin.METHODS: The MICs of 182 clinical isolated pathogens were determined by the two-fold agar dilution method.RESULTS: The MIC90 of gatifloxacin against staphylococcus species was lower than the other four fluoquinolones. The ratio of sensitivity of staphylococcus species to gatifloxacin was higher than the other four fluoquinolones;the MICR of gatifloxacin against other gram-positive cocci was lower than the other four fluoquinolones.The ratios of sensitivity of gram-negative bacilli, such as Escherichia species and Enterobacter species to gatifloxacin were higher than the other four fluoquinolones;The MIC90 of gatifloxacin against escherichia species and enterobacter species was 2 fold lower than levofloxacin and 8 fold lower than the other 3 fluoquinolones.The ratios of sensitivity of pseudomonas species, klebsiella species and other gramnegative bacilli to gatifloxacin had no significance with levofloxacin and were higher than ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and sparfloxacin.CONCLUSION: In vitro activity of gatifloxacin against common clinical bacterium is strong.

Free radical scavenging activity by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide on peritoneal macrophages in mice

YOU Yu-Hong, LIN Zhi-Bin

2004, 9(1):  52-55. 

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AIM: To investigate the free radical scavenging activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide (GLPP) on peritoneal macrophages in mice.METHODS: Alloxan and tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH) were used as an oxidant to injury peritoneal macrophages in vivo in mice or in vitro, respectively. 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHF-DA) was used as fluorescent probe.The fluorescence from cells was observed under the laser confocal microscope. Time series scan of conforcal microscope was used to observe the changes of fluorescence by GLPP in mice peritoneal macrophages over time.RESULTS: The results of confocal microscopy showed that GLPP (100 mg·kg^-1, ig for 5 d) lowed fluorescence in the mice macrophages injured by alloxan (75 mg·kg^-1 iv).GLPP (10 mg·L^-1)also lowed fluorescence in the mice macrophages injuredby tBOOH (7.76 ×10^-5mol·L^-1) in vitro as well. Time series scan showed that GLPP (10 mg·L^-1) lowed fluorescence in the mice macrophages at rest state or during the respiratory burst induced by PMA (50 nmol·L^-1).CONCLUSION: GLPP shows antioxidant effects and might have free radical scavenging effects on peritoneal macrophages in mice.

Experiment study on antiallergic effects of norstemizole

LIU Chang-Xiao, WANG Rui-Zhi, LIU Ning, LI Jing, CHENG Xiao-Xiang

2004, 9(1):  56-58. 

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AIM: To study the antiallerergic effects of norastemizole.METHODS: Antiallergic effects of norastemizole were study using rats and guinea pigs.RESULTS: Norastemizole (10^-9-10^-8 mol·L^-1) caused inhibition effect on the hisitamine-induced contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum.Its IC50 was 4.42 ×10^-9mol·L^-1.Norastemizole at oral doses of 0.1, 0.5,1 mg·kg^-1, norastemizole caused a significant inhibition on the histamin-phosphate induced shock in guinea pigs (P<0.01).At doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg·kg^-1, it significantly inhibited homologous PCA (P<0.01).At oral doses of 0.05, 0.5 and 1.0 mg·kg^-1, norastemizole caused a significant inhibition on the increase of skin vascular permeability induced by histamine.CONCLUSION: Norastemizole is a third-generation antihistamine drug, and shows significant advantages over the parent compound astemizole in potency.

Antitumor effect of hydrochloride 4-methyl-piperazine-1-carbodithioc acid 3-cyano-3, 3-diphenyl-propyl ester

GUO Wei, RAN Fu-Xiang, WANG Rui-Qing, CUI Jing-Rong, LI Run-Tao, CHENG Tie-Ming, GE Ze-Mei

2004, 9(1):  59-62. 

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AIM: To study the inhibition effects of the hydrochloride 4-methyl-piperazine-1-carbodithioc acid 3-cyano-3, 3-diphenyl-propyl ester (Hyd) on the growth of transplant carcinoma in mice.METHODS: The growth of tumor was observed by models of transplant tumor in mice.RESULTS: The inhibition rates of Hyd against tumor growth of S180 and H22 implanted human gastric carcinoma were 46.4 %-59.6 %, 39.3 %-51.6 % and 18.1 %-59.0 %, respectively in nude mice.CONCLUSION: Hyd can inhibit the growth of transplanted hepatocyte carcinoma 22, sarcoma 180 in mice, and implanted human gastric carcinoma in mice and nude mice.

Clinical study of protection and treatment of leech compound eye drops on senile cataract by the lens opacities classification system Ⅲ

HUANG Xiu-Rong, QI Ming-Xin, ZHANG Song-Qing, CHEN Sheng, KE Fa-Jie, PAN Jie

2004, 9(1):  63-66. 

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AIM: To investigate the protection and treatment of compound leech (Co-SZ) eye drops on senile cataract by the lens opacities classification system Ⅲ (LOCS Ⅲ).METHODS: Co-SZ eye drops were compounded by adding composition full of zinc and vitamin C to SZ eye drops.Pirenoxine sodium eye drops of imported agent were set as control.The protection and treatment of two eye drops on senile cataract were observed and compared by LOCS Ⅲ.RESULTS: The improve rate (76 %) of vision, letdown rate (59 %) of lens opacities and efficiency (66 %) in Co-SZ eye drops group were significantly higher than those in pirenoxine sodium eye drops group (2.0 %, 0.0 % and 2.0 %).CONCLUSION: Co-SZ eye drops is a safe and effective anti-cataract agent.

Protection of iptakalim hydrochloride against brain anoxia in mice

LIU Wei, LONG Chao-Liang, CUI Wen-Yu, WANG Hai

2004, 9(1):  67-69. 

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AIM: To study the protection of iptakalim hydrochloride (Ipt) against brain anoxia in mice.METHODS: The models of brain anoxia were made in mice after the administration of Ipt (0.5, 2.0, 8.0 mg·kg^-1, n =12, ig) for 3 wk.NS and vitamin E were set as controls.The glutathione proxidase (GSH-PX) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the lipid peroxide (MDA) content were determined in the brain homogenates of models, and the values of erythrocyte membrane fluidity were measured by the fluorescence polarization technique with DPH fluorescence probe.RESULTS: Compared with the control groups, Ipt (0.5, 2.0, and 8.0 mg·kg^-1, ig) markedly prolonged the breathing time and increased the fluidity of erythrocyte membrane in a dwse-dependent manner, but had no apparent effects on the activity of GSH-PX and SOD.CONCLUSION: The protection of Ipt against brain anoxia is related to increasing the fluidity of erythrocyte membrane and decreasing blood viscosity.

Tolerability of gatifloxacin mehanesulfanae orally for 10 days in Chinese health volunteers

FANG Yi, WANG Rui, PEI Fei, CHAI Dong, ZHU Man, LIANG Bei-Bei, WANG Xi-Ping

2004, 9(1):  70-73. 

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AIM: To evaluate the tolerance of gatifloxacin mehanesulfanae after taking orlly multi-dose in Chinese healthy volunteers.METHODS: The protocol was designed according to GCP principle.After physical examination and laboratory tests, 10 volunteers (18-40yr) were invited to attend the clinical trial to evaluate the tolerance of gatifloxacin mehanesulfanae in 400 mg qd in continuous 10 days.Clinical symptoms, vital signs, routine blood tests, clotting function, routine urine tests, hepatic function, renal function, blood electrolytes, electrocardiogram, and electroencephalogram were observed or examined before and after administration.RESULTS: There was no significant clinical change in the 10 volunteers before and after administration.There was no serious ADRs during the trial, and only 2 volunteers were found the slightly increase of GPT and GOT which maybe associated with the tested drug.CONCLUSION: It is safe and tolerable that Chinese healthy volunteers were treated by gatifloxacin mehanesulfanae in 400 mg qd.in continuous 10 days.

Protection and mechanism of sodium ferulate on CCl4-induced liver injury in mice

HU Xiao-Ling, WANG Hui, WU Ji-Liang

2004, 9(1):  74-76. 

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AIM: To study the protective efficacy and mechanism of sodium ferulate on CCl4-induced liver injury in mice.METHODS: CCl4-induced acute liver injury model was made in mice.Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) criteria, activities of catalase (Cat), glutathione S-transferase (GST), monoamine oxidase (MAO), Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺-ATPase and membrane fluidity in liver cytosol and mitochondrion were measured.RESULTS: Based on the condition that serum levels of ALT and AST increased in mice induced by CCl4, the activity of mitochondrional MAO significantly increased, and the activities of cytosol Cat and GST, the values of mitochondria fluorescence polarization, and mean microviscosity decreased.Meanwhile, the activities of Na⁺, K⁺- and Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺-ATP ase showed the increasing tendency. Pretreatment with sodium ferulate (50-150 mg·kg^-1 ip, qd ×9)could inverse these alterations above obviously, and showed the dose-dependent changes.CONCLUSION: The hepatic-protective action of sodium ferulate may be related with the reinforcement of liver glutathione conjugation catalyzed by GST, the recoveries of mitochondria membrane fluidity and ATPase activities as well as its antioxidative effect.

Reverse effects of composite lactogenic decoction on hypoprolactinemia induced by L-dopa in rats

LI Lin, YANG Shu-Qin, SUN Li-Sha, XU Jiang-Ping

2004, 9(1):  77-79. 

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AIM: To study the effects of the composite lactogenic decoction (CLD) on milk secretion of hypoprolactinemia induced by L-dopa in rats.METHODS: The models of hypoprolactinemia were established with Ldopa in rats. The weight of young rats was recorded during 15 days. Levels of serum prolactin were detected by ELISA and the mammary gland histology was observed by electron microscop.RESULTS: The administration of CLD (3, 6 and 20 g ·kg^-1) by the way of ig increased serum prolactin (PRL) level significantly (P<0.05 or 0.01) induced by L-dopa in rats at a dose-dependent manner.CLD increased the weight of young rats (P<0.05) and promoted the mammary grand growth of rats.CONCLUSION: CLD can reverse the symptom of hypoprolactinemia induced by L-dopa and promote the secretion of milk in rats.

Timed number of nitric oxide synthase-positive cells in brain of rats with intracerebral hemorrhage and influence of sodium magnesium fructose diphosphate

CHEN You-Xiang, DONG Zhi, ZENG Fan-Xin

2004, 9(1):  80-82. 

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AIM: To study the timed number of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-positive cells and the effects of sodium magnesium fructose diphophate (FDPM).METHODS: Rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was induced by collagenase, the timed number of NOS-positive cells and the effects of FDPM on it was determined by NADPH histochemical staining.RESULTS: After the onset of ICH, the number of NOS-positive cells increased obviously at 2 hours, decreased lightly at 6 hours, increased again at 12 hours, peaked during from 24 hours to 3 days, and decreased again at 7 days, but was till higher than that of normal condition.Application of FDPM decreased significantly the number of NOS-positive cells after ICH, and the effect of FDPM was superior to that of fructose-1, 6-diphophate or magnesium sulfate.CONCLUSION: The change of NOS activity shows two peaks after ICH, and inhibition of NOS activity may be one of the important protective mechanisms of FDPM from ICH.

Expressions of glutamate and EAAC1 glutamate transporter in neonatal rat after hypoxia-ischemia and their changes after administrated ganglioside GM1

HU Zhi-Bing, LU Xue-Fen, ZHENG De-Shu

2004, 9(1):  83-86. 

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AIM: To study the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanism of ganglioside GM1 on neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy (HIE).METHODS: A rat model of neonatal HIE was established, then the pathological changes and expressions of glutamate and EAAC1 glutamate transporter in the brain tissues were investigated in different periods after hypoxiaischemia (HI)and the subsequent changes of the above results after GM1 administrated were studied too.RESULTS: The damages of the brain by exposed to HIwere alleviated remarkably afterGM1 administrated.The levels of glutamate neuron expressions in the brain tissue decreased after HI but EAAC1 increased.GM1 could partly prevent glutamate neuron reduction induced by HI and increase EAAC1 expression.CONCLUSION: GM1 may have some protective effects on glutamate neuron in neonatal HIE, and the possible mechanism is related to the partial increasing of EAAC1 expression.

Effect of azelastine hydrochloride on experimental asthma and its mechanism in guinea pigs

JIANG Shi-Qin, YU Guang-Qing

2004, 9(1):  87-91. 

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AIM: To probe the effect of azelastine hydrochloride on experimental asthma and its mechanism.METHODS: Experimental asthma models of guinea pigs induced by histamine and acetylcholine in vivo as well as guinea-pig tracheal spirals in vitro were used in this experiment.RESULTS: Azelastine hydrochloride inhibited asthma induced by histamine and acetylcholine in guinea pigs in a dose-dependent manner, prolonged the incubation period of histamine and acetylcholine induced asthma (P<0.05), and decreased the rate of tic of guinea pigs.The mean effective dose (ED50) was 0.216 mg·kg^-1 and its 95 %of confidence limit was from 0.214 to 0.219 mg·kg^-1.Azelastine hydrochloride also apparently inhibited the bronchi muscle contraction induced by histamine in a dose-dependent manner and caused histamine dose-effect curve a right shift, and the pA2 was 8.99.CONCLUSION: Azelastine hydrochloride can significantly inhibit the experimental asthma induced by histamine and acetylcholine.

Role of tumor necrosis factor in reperfusion injury following hepatic ischemia and effects of L-arginine

WANG Wan-Tie, LIN Li-Na, XU Zheng-Jie, XIE Ke-Jian, WANG Zong-Min

2004, 9(1):  92-95. 

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AIM: To explore the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in rabbits and patients with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) and the effects of L-Arginine (L-Arg) on the injury.METHODS: Changes of the several parameters and the effects of L-Arg were observed during HIRI in 20 rabbits and 18 patients who were scheduled for elective hepatic surgery.The parameters included TNF, alanine aminotrasferase (ALT) and changes of hepatocytes morphologically.RESULTS: TNF content and ALT activities increased (P<0.05 and P<0.01), and the abnormal changes of hepatocytes morphologically were obvious during HIRI.There was positive correlation between the changes of TNF and ALT (rabbits, r =0.912, P<0.01 and patients, r =0.535, P<0.01) during HIRI.With the treatment of L-Arg, the abnormal changes of all parameters as above and hepatocytes morphologically were all alleviated remarkably (P<0.05 and P<0.01).CONCLUSION: TNF may be one of the primary causes for HIRI, and L-Arg can alleviate HIRI by eliminating TNF.

Combined effects of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide on relaxing tracheal muscle in vitro

LI Hui-Ping, BAI Chun-Xue, WU Gan-Tong, LU Zhong-Qiu

2004, 9(1):  96-99. 

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AIM: To study the effects of ipratropium bromide (IB) with and without salbutamol (Sal) on the contraction of guinea pig tracheal strips induced by acetylcholine, histamine and potassium chloride in vitro.METHODS: The contraction of guinea pig tracheal strips induced by His, ACh and KCl before and after being incubated with ipratropium bromide;the contraction of guinea pig tracheal strips induced by His, and KCl before and after being incubated with salbutamol;the inhibitory effect of ipratropium bromide with salbutamol on the contraction of guinea pig tracheal strips induced by histamine and KCl.RESULTS: ACh (0.01^{- 1} mmol·L^-1) caused concentration-dependent contractions of tracheal strips and the resulting concentration-response curve was classical, the values of pD2 were 5.97 ±0.21, 6.48 ± 0.54, respectively.IB depressed the concentration-response curve with pD′2 values of 7.99 ±0.34 and 7.37±0.36, respectively.After adding Sal, the curve was further depressed.His (0.01 μmol·L^-1) caused the contraction of tracheal strips and its maximal response was obtained in 0.1 mmol·L^-1, the pD2 value was 6.60±0.70.After incubated with Sal, the concentration-response curve was depressed, and the pD′2 value was 6.06±0.27.Adding IB, the curve was further depressed. KCl (60 mmol·L^-1) induced contraction on tracheal strips, IB and Sal depressed the contraction with IC50 values of 4.78 ×10^-6 and 3.18 ×10^-6mol·L^-1, respectively.With combination of IB and Sal, the inhibitory effect was significantly enhanced (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Either IB or Sal has a significant inhibitory effect on the contraction of tracheal strips induced by KCl, Ach and His.The effect is stronger in a combination with IB and Sal than that each alone.

Protective effects of methylflavonolamine on myocardial injury induced by adriamycin in mice

WANG Mei-Ying, WU Yong-Jie

2004, 9(1):  100-103. 

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AIM: To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of methylflavonolamine (MFA)on myocardial injury induced by adriamycin in mice.METHODS: The myocardial injury was induced by Adriamycin (ADR)1.5 mg·kg^-1 ip once every two days for ten days in mice.All mice were taken the electrocardiogram examination before given drugs.The mice with abnormal electrocardiogram were excluded prior to the experiment.The degree of J point elevation, the prolonged degree of the QRS complex duration and the Q-T interval, the change of contents of serum creatine phosphokinase (CK), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myocardial malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD)were observed in control and treated groups. The contents of serum CK and LDH were measured by spectrophotometry, and the content of myocardial MDA was measured by TBA method and the activity of myocardial SOD by hydroxylamine method.RESULTS: The J point was elevated, the Q-T interval and the duration of QRS complex were prolonged and the contents of serum CK and LDH were increased in mice with acute myocardial injury induced by ADR, suggesting that a widespread and severe myocardial cell injury occurred in the prepared models. While all these injury indices were reversed by MFA treatment. The content of myocardial MDA was increased and the activity of myocardial SOD was decreased in mice with myocardial injury, and MFA decreased the MDA content and increased the SOD activity, indicating that it possesses the actions of scavenging free oxygen radicals and anti-lipoperoxidation.CONCLUSIONS: MFA significantly alleviates the degree of the acute myocardial injury in mice induced by ADR. Its mechanism may be associated with reducing oxygen free radical production and anti-lipoperoxidation.

Clinical study of betamethasone neomycin ointment in treatment of patients with subacute eczema

MAO Yue-Ping, YING Ruo-Fei, ZENG Fan-Qin, LIN Bao-Zhu

2004, 9(1):  104-106. 

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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and the safety of betamethasone neomycin ointment in treatment of patients with subacute eczema.METHODS: The clinical trial was performed on patients with limited, subacute eczema by a randomized double-blind method.Hydrocortisone neomycin ointment was chosen as controls.RESULTS: There were 45 patients involved in this study, including 23 patients in betamethasone neomycin ointment group and 22 patients in hydrocortisone neomycin ointment group.The total integra decrease of betamethasone neomycin ointment group [12.26 ±2.42 to 5.61 ±2.23 (d 7), 2.83 ±2.06 (d 14) ] was better than that of hydrocortisone neomycin ointment group [13.18 ±2.28 to 9.18 ±3.72(d 7), 6.82 ±3.46(d 14) ] on the 7th and 14th day after the treatment (P<0.01).The total effective rate of betamethasone neomycin ointment group (86.96 %) was higher than that of hydrocortisone neomycin ointment group (31.82 %, P<0.01).Nether located nor systemic side effects were found in both groups.CONCLUSION: Betamethasone neomycin ointment is an effective and easily tolerated agent for treatment of subacute eczema compared with hydrocortisone neomycin ointment.

Clinical evaluation of mycobacterium phlei combined with cisplatin in treatment of patients with malignant pleural effusion

WANG Yong, HU Jie-Gui, HU Xian-Wei

2004, 9(1):  107-109. 

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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and effects on changes of T-lymphocyte subsets of mycobacterium phlei and cisplatin in treatment of patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE).METHODS: 62 patients of MPE were randomly assigned to two groups.The test group was treated once aweek lasting for 1-3 weeks with NS 20 ml +mycobacterium phlei 8.6 μg +cisplatin 40 mg, while the control one with NS 20 ml +cisplatin 40mg only.The efficacy and changes of T-lymphocyte subsets before and after therapy were analyzed separately.RESULTS: The overall response rate in the test group was 87.5 %, which meant significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01), and the side effects were mild.After the treatment, the levels of CD⁺₃ and CD⁺₄ cells and the ratio of CD⁺₄ CD⁺₈ increased greatly (P<0.05 or 0.01), while the level of CD⁺₈ dropped sharply(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The therapy of mycobacterium phlei combined with cisplatin is effective in controlling the MPE with low side-effect, and can greatly improve the inhibition of T-lymphocyte subsets in patients with MPE.

Effects of xingnaojing injection on experimental dementia induced by ethanol

ZHOU Hong-Yu, HU Guo-Xin, HU Ai-Ping, DING Xi-Tao, ZHENG Rong-Yuan

2004, 9(1):  110-112. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of xingnaojing (Xnji) injection on learning and memory disorder induced by ethanol.METHODS: The memory impairment was induced by ig ethanol in mice or rats only one time or continuously for 30 days.The Morris water maze, “Y” maze, and step through methods were used to test the function of learning and memory.RESULTS: Xnji (14,7 ml·kg^-1) could prevent the impairments of spatial learning ability induced by ethanol given only one time in rats;Xnji (1, 2 ml·kg^-1) could promote spatial learning ability and memory acquisition impaired by ethanol given continuously in mice.CONCLUSION: Xnji can prevent and treat the memory disorder in acute and chronic ethanol intoxication.

Clinical study design:analgesic effect of TCM on acute arthritis of primary gout

XIONG Ning-Ning, JIANG Meng, LIU Fang, ZHOU Jian-Dong, FU Wei-Min, BO Qing-Yan

2004, 9(1):  113-116. 

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Based on the recent progresses in the study of gout and assessment of pain, we developed key technique points of clinical assessments for analgesic effect of TCM on acute arthritis of primary gout, which include purpose of study, diagnosis and influencing factors, therapy regime, observation items, quality control, assessment of curative effect, and main indexes for statistical analysis.

Ethic review in clinical research:informed consent

WANG Xiu-Qin, XIONG Ning-Ning, LIU Shen-Lin, LI Qi-Yi, JIANG Meng, LIU Fang, ZOU Jian-Dong, BO Qing-Yan, GAO Wei-Min

2004, 9(1):  117-120. 

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Informed consent is one of the primary ethical requirements underpinning biomedical research involving human subjects.The general IRB considerations regarding informed consent are as follow:adequacy of the information, language expressed, consent procedure, documentation, exempt from consent, withholding information and deception, randomization double-masked and placebos clinical trials, and renewing consent.