Table of Content

Volume 20 Issue 2
26 February 2015

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 and its analogue exendin-4 enhance proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells in vitro

ZHOU Shi-meng, WANG Ning, MENG Jing-ru, JIA Min, HU Jing, MA Xue

2015, 20(2):  121-127. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of GLP-1 and GLP-1R agonist exendin-4(EX-4) on the proliferation and differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).METHODS: BMSCs were isolated from rats'tibia and femur by the method of density gradient centrifugation and attachment were passaged to the three generation. 4 groups were divided after 2 days cultivation, BMSC group, osteoblast induced medium(OIM),and drug induced medium. In the drug induced medium, different concentration of GLP-1 or EX-4 (10^-9-10^-7 mol/L) were added to the media of the BMSC for the observation of cell proliferation (OD₄₅₀),`differentiation (ALP staining) and mineralization (alizarin red staining for the observation of calcium nodule) of the BMSCs. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of ALP, Runx2.RESULTS: Compared with the control group,GLP-1,EX-4 treatment groups promoted cells proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05); the ALP and alizarin red staining suggested,GLP-1,EX-4 treatment groups were positive,the control group was weak stained or did not stain at all.ALP activity was improved, and the expressions of ALP and Runx2 were increased.CONCLUSION: The proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of the BMSCs are promoted directly by GLP-1 and EX-4, which may play an important role in bone reconstruction.

Study of different genotypes hepatitis C virus non-structural 3 protein on telomerase activity

LI Xiao-ning, YANG Zheng-hai, LI Jing

2015, 20(2):  128-131. 

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AIM: To establish an expression model of HCV NS3 protein and explore the differences of telomerase activities among different hepatitis C virus genotypes.METHODS: Screening of different HCV genotypes through PCR array. HCV NS3 gene fragments (HCV 1b NS3 and HCV 2a NS3) were amplified and cloned into eukaryotic protein expression vector pBK-CMV. Followed by the introduction of recombinant plasmids (pBK-HCV1b NS3 and pBK-HCV2a NS3) and control vector into hepatoma cell lines HepG2, respectively. Telomerase activities of HepG2 cells were detected by telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay.RESULTS: The popular genotype of HCV in our region was HCV 1b, second was HCV 2a. Telomerase activities in HepG2 cells transfected with pBK-HCV NS3 significantly increased, compared with control. Furthermore, telomerase activities of HepG2 cells transfected with recombinant pBK-HCV1b NS3 were higher as compare with the cells transfected with pBK-HCV2a NS3 distinctly.CONCLUSION: HCV NS3 protein may activate telomerase through the same pathway. Different genotypes of HCV NS3 protein have different effects on the malignant transformation of HepG2 cells.

Experimental study of endomorphin-1 postconditioning against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats

ZONG Qiao-feng, CHENG Xiang-yang, YU Ying, ZHANG Wei-ping, GAO Qin, LI Zheng-hong

2015, 20(2):  132-137. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of endomorphin-1 (EM-1) postconditioning in rats on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.METHODS: 48 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 8 groups:sham group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion group (IR group), ischemia postconditioning group (IPO group), EM-1 postconditioning groups (10, 20, 50 μg/kg) (EM10, EM20, EM50), EM-1 50 μg/kg+Naloxone 3 mg/kg postconditioning (EM50+Nal group), Naloxone postconditioning group (Nal group). The myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury model was established through occluding the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min and reperfusing for 120 min in vivo. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and Ⅱlead electrocardiogram were continuously monitored during the process. The arterial blood sample was obtained to measure plasma content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase(SOD).RESULTS: In addition to the MAP of reperfusion 120 min in EM-1groups, the HR, MAP, RPP of IPO and EM-1 groups were significantly lower than IR group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with IR group, the activity of LDH and content of MDA were decreased and the activity of SOD was increased (P<0.05,P<0.01) in IPO and EM-1 groups after reperfusion. EM-1 produced a dose-related effect on the content of MDA and the activity of SOD. The activity of LDH and content of MDA were higher and the activity of SOD was lower (P<0.01) in EM50+Nal group than in EM50 group after reperfusion.CONCLUSION: EM-1 postconditioning may produce the cardioprotection of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by activating opioid receptor, reducing the MDA and increasing the SOD.

Effect of idazoxan on the tight junctions of blood-brain barrier in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

WANG Xin-shi, FANG Hui-lin, ZHU Zhen-guo, ZHU Pan, ZENG Qing-yi, ZHENG Rong-yuan

2015, 20(2):  138-144. 

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AIM: To study the effect of idazoxan(IDA)on the tight junctions of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and the molecular mechanism.METHODS: Thirty six female C57BL/6 mice were randomly ascribed to control group, EAE group and IDA group, with 12 mice in each group. EAE was induced by MOG35-55. IDA (2 mg/kg, i.p., bid) was administrated for 15 days after MOG immunization. The signs of neurological defects of the mice were observed daily and scored, the pathological changes were observed, the BBB permeability were detected by Evan's blue extravasation, the ultrastructure of BBB were observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the expressions of BBB tight junction proteins (ZO-1,Claudin-5, Occludin, and JAM-1) in the brain of EAE mice were detected by Western blot analysis.RESULTS: Compared with EAE group, the score of neurological defects in IDA group was decreased, the pathological change and the ultrastrucuture of BBB destroy seen under the electron microscope was relieved, the BBB permeability was reduced, and the expressions of ZO-1 and Claudin-5 were increased (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: IDA possess neuroprotective effect on mouse EAE and ameliorate the dysfunction of BBB during EAE, whose effect might be related to the upregulation of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Claudin-5.

Autophagy activation contributes to the protection of minocycline against oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion in PC12 cells

XIAO Shi-geng, DONG Wen-bin, CHENG Min, YE Xiao-di, ZHENG Gao-li

2015, 20(2):  145-150. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of autophagy on the protection of minocycline in PC12 cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion.METHODS: Cultured PC12 cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and then reperfusion, and treated with minocycline (1, 10, 100 μmol/L) or trimethyladenine (3-MA,5 mmol/L) during reperfusion. Cell viability were determined by MTT assay after 6 h of reperfusion. We also stained cells with monodansylcadaverin to observe autophagic vacuole. The expression of protein LC3Ⅱ, Beclin1 and P62/SQSTM l were determined by western blot.RESULTS: Low dose (1, 10 μmol/L) minocycline significantly attenuated cell death cascades after oxygen-glucose deprivation, while the high dose (100 μmol/L) exacerbated the cell injury. The expression levels of LC3Ⅱ and Beclin1 increased more pronouncedly when PC12 cells were treated with minocycline at the higher concentration (1-100 μmol/L). The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA reversed the protection of minocycline by reducing the expression of LC3Ⅱ and Beclin1 and increasing P62/SQSTMl.CONCLUSION: The study suggests that minocycline promotes PC12 cells survival after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion, which might be mediated by up-regulating LC3Ⅱand Beclin1 expression and inducing autophagy.

Drug resistance reversing effect of Chinese herb monomer plumbagin on baumanii

LI Juan, LI Xiao-ning, ZHONG Zheng-ling, CHU Ji-ru, YU Wen-tao, ZHANG Xue-feng, XIE Hai-tang

2015, 20(2):  155-159. 

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AIM: To explore the drug resistance reversing effect of Chinese herb simple substance plumbagin on baumanii. METHODS: Fifty-three strains of baumanii were isolated from patients. The antibacterial activities of 14 kinds of antibacterial drugs commonly used in clinic were detected. The direct antibacterial activities of Chinese herb monomer of plumbagin on standard strains were studied. After the determination of plumbagin and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone(CCCP) work concentration, the efflux inhibition test results of plumbagin and CCCP were compared.RESULTS: The resistance rate of 53 clinical isolates of baumanii to 14 kinds of clinical commonly used antimicrobial drugs was high.The ampicillin,cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefoxitin resistance rate was highest,respectively 100%,100%,98.1% and 98.1%. The rest of the drug-resistant rate is above 50%.The direct antimicrobial effect of plumbagin on quality standard bacteria was weak. Plumbagin and CCCP showed increasing sensitization to gentamicin, norfloxacin, minocycline hydrochloride and chloramphenicol. Their positive rates of efflux were 11.3% and 18.9%, 3.8% and 7.5%, 13.2% and 20.8%, 28.3% and 20.8%, respectively. There were no statistical differences between two groups.CONCLUSION: The clinical drug resistance of baumanii is in serious condition, and plumbagin as a kind of traditional Chinese medicine monomer may have a certain role in the drug resistance reversal.

Retrospective analysis of 90 cases of drug counseling online

WANG Lin, XU Wen-ke, ZHANG Wen, YANG Xiao-jun, WANG Wei-ping

2015, 20(2):  162-166. 

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AIM: To explore the models and methods to conduct network consulting by analyzing drug counseling online.METHODS: A retrospective review of 90 drug counseling online records from January 2011 to March 2014, drug types, the content and the crowd of the counseling were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: 90 cases of counseling, consulting top three drugs were 19 cases of infection medication(20.9%), cardiovascular disease treatment in 13 cases(14.3%)and Chinese medicine 10 cases(11.0%). Advisory content of the top three were for purchase with 32 cases(31.4%), usage and treatment 17 cases (16.7%)and drug selection were 17 cases(16.7%). Primary of counseling crowd were adults(80 cases, accounting for 88.9%).CONCLUSION: Hospital pharmacy staff should continue to improve the efficiency of network consulting response, to expand its influence and establish medication archives for patients with chronic diseases,strengthening follow-up to better practice integrated pharmaceutical care.

Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide in comparison to placebo: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

WU Yan, WU Cui-fang, WANG Jiang-lin

2015, 20(2):  167-174. 

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AIM: To estimate the efficacy and tolerability of lixisenatide in comparison to placebo in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, Cochrane, CNKI, VIP, CBM were searched and randomized controlled trials (RCT) of lixisenatide vs. placebo in treating type 2 diabetes were collected. The quality of included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed and then analyzed by the software RevMan5.2. The potential publication bias was performed by Stata 12.0 soft. Sensitivity analyses were used in the treatment course.RESULTS: Eight RCTs were ultimately identified. The results of meta-analyses showed that the proportion of patients that achieved an HbA1c ＜7%or≤6.5% was significantly greater in lixisenatide group than that in placebo group, there was statistical significance. The number of total adverse events, hypoglycemia, injection sites reactions, gastrointestinal disorders, nausea, vomiting, dizziness events in lixisenatide group was significantly lower than that in control group, there was statistical significance. Most of the adverse events reported were mild to moderate in intensity.CONCLUSION: The results of meta-analyses indicate that lixisenatide treatment for type 2 diabetes is effective. The major adverse of lixisenatide were hypoglycemia, injection site reactions, gastrointestinal disorders, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, diarrhea. Although it may increase the risk of the adverse events,which reported were mild to moderate in intensity, lixisenatide appears to be an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes and a long-term study in large scale with high quality is required to confirm its long-term outcomes.

Bioequivalence of losartan potassium tablets and the influence of CYP2C9^*3 polymorphism on the metabolism of losartan

CHEN Lu-lu, TAN Zhi-rong, YANG Guo-ping, CHEN Xiao-ping, WANG Yi-cheng, CHEN Yao, TIAN Ying-ying, ZHOU Lu-ping, WANG Wen-ping, HE Jia-qi, ZHOU Hong-hao, OUYANG Dong-sheng

2015, 20(2):  175-181. 

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AIM: To investigate the bioequivalence between losartan potassium tablets (Hangzhou Minsheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd) and losartan potassium tablets (Hangzhou MSD)and the influence of CYP2C9^*3 polymorphism on the metabolism of losartan.METHODS: We genotyped CYP2C9^*3 (rs1057910 A>C) sites of Healthy Chinese Han subjects by direct sequencing of PCR products to identify the distribution of CYP2C9^*3 polymorphism. We enrolled 36 subjects in the trial, among which CYP2C9^*1^*1 (AA) genotype were 32 cases and CYP2C9^*1/^* (AC) genotype were 4 cases. This study was designed to be two formulations, two-period crossover, single, open single-center trial of oral administration, the dose of losartan potassium tablets was 1 (50 mg/tablet). We established an HPLC-MS-MS method for the simultaneous determination of losartan and its metabolite E-3174 in human plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Non-compartmental model using DAS3.2.2 analysis software.RESULTS: The relative bioavailability of two preparations were(101.5±21.5)% (losartan) and (100.0±13.8) % (E-3174); Compared with the AA genotype, AUC_0-12, AUC_inf and C_max of losartan of the AC genotype subjects were higher, and there had a significant difference of AUC_0-12 and AUC_inf; AUC_0-48 and AUC_inf of E-3174 were lower. There had no significant gene-related difference of AUC_0-48 and AUC_inf.CONCLUSION: The two preparations are bioequivalent. The clinical dosage of losartan may not be adjusted based on genotype in spite of CYP2C9 gene 1075A>C mutation slowing down losartan metabolism.

Association of HGPRT activity and gene polymorphism with adverse reactions caused by azathioprine in kidney transplant recipients

MA Xiao-qin, XIN Hua-wen, LI Yuan-qi, HUANG Hui, ZHAO Li, YU Ai-rong, LI Wei-liang, WU Xiao-chun

2015, 20(2):  182-187. 

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AIM: To explore the associations between HGPRT activities and genetic polymorphisms and AZA-related adverse reactions in renal transplant recipients so as to provide enough theoretic and experiment evidence for rational use of AZA.METHODS: Erythrocyte HGPRT activity were measured in 86 cases of renal transplant recipients by a modified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure we developed before,genotype of HGPRT IVS6-12C>A was determined by direct sequencing method.Combined with the subject occurrence of adverse reactions,the relationships between HGPRT activity and genetic polymorphisms and AZA-induced adverse reactions were systematically analyzed.RESULTS: HGPRT activity in 86 cases of renal transplant recipients ranged from 44.59 U to 262.16 U and the average activity was (100.17±33.50) U. HGPRT activity in healthy subjects ranged from 28.43 to 153.65 U and the average activity was (99.30±17.21)U. Both of them showed normal distribution.There was no statistically significant difference about HGPRT activity between the renal transplant recipients and the healthy subjects(P>0.05). In the renal transplant recipients, 2 cases of HGPRT-IVS6-12C> A mutation was found and the mutation frequency was 2.30%. No IVS6-12C> A mutation was found in the health subjects. No association was observed between HGPRT activity and genetic polymorphisms(P>0.05).The average HGPRT activity in patients with flu-like symptoms was significantly higher than that in the renal transplant recipients who had no AZA-related adverse reactions[(147.47±101.24) U vs (100.46±29.31) U,P<0.05]. The average HGPRT activities in patients with hematotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal disturbance were found no significant differences compared with the patients who had no AZA-related adverse reactions (P>0.05). No association was observed between HGPRT genetic polymorphisms and AZA-related adverse reactions(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: In conclusion, before commencing AZA treatment, it is important to measure HPGRT activity in renal transplant recipients and relieve AZA-dose in order to reduce AZA-related flu-like symptoms .

Difference of EC₅₀ values of ropivacaine in male and female patients for caudal anesthesia in anorectal surgery

DONG Ru-jian, HE Rui, LI Yu-hong

2015, 20(2):  188-193. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of sex on the median effective concentration (EC₅₀) of ropivacaine for caudal anesthesia.METHODS: In this double-blind, prospective study, we enrolled 70 ASA physical status I patients (35 male and 35 female) who were scheduled for anorectal surgery under caudal anesthesia, and classified them into two study groups (Group M and Group F) on the basis of their gender difference. Each participant received a single injection of 20 mL ropivacaine through a caudal catheter. Using Dixon's up-and-down sequential allocation, the first participant received 0.2% and subsequent concentrations were determined by the analgesic response of the previous patients to the initial skin incision. The concentration change was 0.025%. The up-and-down sequences were analyzed using the Dixon and Probit methods to quantify the caudal analgesic block effective concentrations in 50% of patients.RESULTS: From Dixon method, The EC₅₀ values of ropivacaine for caudal analgesia were 0.296%(95% CI, 0.286%-0.307%) in male patients and 0.389% (95% CI, 0.372%-0.407%) in female patients. From Probit analysis, the EC₅₀ values ropivacaine in Group M and Group F were 0.295%(95% CI, 0.173%-0.325%), 0.382% (95% CI, 0.352%-0.405%) respectively and EC₉₉ was 0.364% (95% CI, 0.330%-1.313%), 0.422% (95% CI, 0.400%-0.646%) respectively. EC₅₀ values of ropivacaine was significantly higher in Group F as compare with Group M (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: We concluded that the ropivacaine EC₅₀ values for caudal anesthesia in female patients is 31% higher as compare to the male patients. The present findings provide suitable suggestion to anesthesiologists about ropivacaine concentration adjustment for caudal anesthesia based on gender difference.

Clinical study of oxaliplatin plus raltitrexed versus oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil as first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer

HE Yang, PENG Yu-zhen, JI Zhao-ning

2015, 20(2):  194-198. 

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AIM: Department of Medical Oncology,Yijishan Hospital,Wannan Medical colleg, Wuhu 241001,Anhui ,ChinaMETHODS: A total of 43 patients with advanced gastric cancer were divided into two groups, 21 cases in Group A:raltitrexed 3 mg/m² ivgtt;d1;oxaliplatin 130 mg/m² ivgtt,d1. 22 cases in Group B:leucovorin 200 mg/m² ivgtt,d1-d5; fluorouracil 375 mg /m² ivgtt,d1-d5; oxaliplatin 130 mg/m² ivgtt,d1. The two regimens were 21days as a cycle,and a total of six cycles was applied unless there was an evidence of disease progression or intolerance of treatment.The efficacy was evaluated after 3-cycle chemotherapy.RESULTS: In Group A and Group B,RR were 47.6% and 31.8% respectively(P=0.289),PFS were 9.8 and 6.6 months respectively(P=0.047). There were differences with the side-effects between the two groups on nausea,sickness and hand-foot syndrome(P＜0.05).Other toxicities were similar.CONCLUSION: Compared with the treatment of oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil,oxaliplatin plus raltitrexed as first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer has a longer PFS,and the toxicity is well tolerated.

Protective effect of shenmai injection on mechanical ventilation associated lung injury in patients with one-lung ventilation

CHEN Fei-fei, QIAN Jia-shu, WANG Liang-rong, JIN Li-da, XIONG Xiang-qing

2015, 20(2):  199-202. 

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AIM: To study the protective effect of shenmai injection on mechanical ventilation associated lung injury in patients with one-lung ventilation.METHODS: 40 patients scheduled for pulmonary lobectomy were divided to two groups: group C (n=20) and group S (n=20). 0.5 mL/kg shenmai injection were given to each patient in group S, while equivalent saline to those in group C. Immediately before anesthesia induction (T₀), 30 min(T₁), 60 min (T₂), 90 min (T₃) and 120 min (T₄) after one-lung ventilation, radial and mixed venous blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis and calculation of the value of A-aDO₂ and Qs/Qt. Meanwhile, 3 mL radial blood were extracted to detect the levels of MDA, SOD, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in plasma.RESULTS: Compared with T₀, the value of Qs/Qt, A-aDO₂, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were increased in group C on T_1-4 (P<0.05). Similar changes were presented at T4 in group S. Compared with group C, the value of Qs/Qt, A-aDO₂, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were decreased in group S on T_1-4 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with shenmai injection has protective effect on mechanical ventilation associated lung injury in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation.

Efficacy of different doses of dexmedetomidine in preventing shivering in patients with combined spinal epidural anesthesia

CHENG Li-jian, ZHENG Li-hua, JIANG Xiu-qing, ZHAO Ke-min, YU Jie, YU Gong-min, LAN Yun-ping, SHAO Xue-quan

2015, 20(2):  203-207. 

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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of different doses of dexmedetomidine(dex) in preventing shivering in patients with combined spinal epidural anesthesia.METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients, ASA physical statusⅠ-Ⅱ, aged 33-65yr, weighing 45-76 kg, undergoing elective gynecological operations with combined spinal epidural anesthesia, were randomly divided into 4 group (n=30 each). Ⅰ-Ⅲ groups received i.v. infusion of dex of 0.2 μg/kg , 0.4 μg/kg, 0.6 μg/kg at a rate of 0.05 μg/kg respectively after combined spinal epidural anesthesia .Group C received normal saline in ten minutes. Mean arterial pressure ,heart rate, BIS value and tympanic temperature were recorded before administration (T₀), 5min (T₁), 15min (T₂) and 30min (T₃) after dex and the end of surgery (T₄) .The adverse event including nausea, vomiting, hypotension and usage of atropine were recorded. Level of sedation were assessed by BIS monitor and tympanic temperature were recorded in each point.RESULTS: The incidence of shivering were 43.3% , 16.6% , 6.7% and 40%. The incidence of hypotension were 5%, 7%, 8%, 8%, the usage incidence of atropine were 2%, 10%, 20% and 2%, BIS value were significantly decreased in dex groups at T₁-T₄ when compared with those in group C(P<0.05). Incidence of nausea or vomiting had no significantly difference in all groups. Tympanic temperature of patients in all groups was significantly lower than the baseline level(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine can significantly reduce the incidence of shivering in patients with combined spinal epidural anesthesia. The mechanism is concerned with lower core temperature triggering shivering threshold. The optimal maintain dose of dex is 0.4 μg/kg.

FDA's recommentdations on pharmacogenomics studies in early-phase clinical studies

ZHAO De-heng, XIAO Hui-lai

2015, 20(2):  208-212. 

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Pharmacogenomics is currently a hot topic. FDA issued “Guidance for Industry Clinical Pharmacogenomics: Premarket Evaluation in Early-Phase Clinical Studies and Recommendations for Labeling” in 2013. The article introduces its IV Clinical Evaluation of Pharmacogenomics. There is no similar guidance in our country. It is expected to benefit the research and supervision of our country in this respect.

Research progress of therapy of intravenous immunoglobulin on neuropathic pain

WANG Li-feng, ZHANG Zhi-yu, LI Zhen-zhen, LIANG Ying-xia

2015, 20(2):  213-216. 

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Intravenous use of immunoglobulin exhibits many immuno-modulatory properties and has been used clinically to treat several autoimmune disease. Currently, immunoglobulin is being investigated as an immuno-modulatory therapy in many neurological diseases. Neuropathic pain is choronic intractable pain syndrome, which has complex mechanisms, immuno-modulatory involved. Recently, intravenous immunoglobulin has significant antinocicetptive effect on neuropahtic pain patients, without any serious adverse reactions. It improves functional recovery, and quality of life. The mechanism may be blocking immunoglobulin binding with Fc receptor or neutralizing antibodies to reduce the damage of complement-mediated; may also reduce inflammatory cytokines in patients with neurological disease.

Advances in multi-targeted anti-tumor mechanisms of β-phenethyl isothiocyanate

ZHANG Xue, WU Lan-xiang, ZHANG Tao-lan, WEN Chun-jie, FU Li-juan, ZHOU Hong-hao

2015, 20(2):  217-222. 

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Cancer has very high mortality and increasing prevalence rates. And cancer therapy has become an important research topic in the scientific community and the medical profession. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is one of the most widely investigated isothiocyanates from the crucifers. Increasing evidences from epidemiological and pathological studies suggest that PEITC can induce cancer cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. It exerts its chemopreventive effect through regulation of diverse molecular mechanisms. Here, we summarize recent data regarding the multi-targeted anti-cancer activity mechanisms and potential molecular targets of PEITC.

Study on the mechanism of cytochrome P450 3A4

HUANG Wei, HU Xiao

2015, 20(2):  223-229. 

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The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, involved in the metabolism of therapeutic drugs, are the major determinants of drug half-life. Among 57 human P450s, CYP3A4 is the most abundant and the most important because it metabolizes the majority of administered drugs. In this review we provide an overview on recent progress in the CYP3A4 research, such as basic structure, active site, mechanism of action, genetic phenotypes, probe substrate, drug metabolism and so on.

Clinical research progress of ACEI/ARB used in tumor treatment

WANG Zeng, YUAN Mei-qin, YANG Guo-nong, DING Hai-ying

2015, 20(2):  230-234. 

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are commonly used in clinical cardiovascular system diseases. Recently, some epidemiological studies found its potential antitumor effect. Several clinical studies showed that ACEI/ARB drugs exerted antitumor effect when used in hypertensive individuals with tumor. Thus, we summarized the latest clinical research progress as follows.

Progress on association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genetic polymorphism and the risk of infertility

LIU Dan-qi, SHENG Yang-hao, WANG Ping, YAN Xiao-min, ZHOU Bo-ting

2015, 20(2):  235-240. 

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5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is the key enzyme in folic acid metabolic pathways. Currently data reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms may decrease the activity of the enzyme. The enzyme keeped the normal levels of homocysteine in body and involved in the synthesis of DNA. MTHFR gene polymorphism was found to be probably related to male sterility and recurrent miscarriage of childbearing women, leading to high homocysteine levels and the disorder of DNA synthesis and low methylation reaction. All of these make the folate metabolism disorder. This paper discusses the association between genetic factor (gene polymorphism of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) and male infertility and recurrent miscarriage of childbearing women.