Table of Content

Volume 16 Issue 2
26 February 2011

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Effect of brain-derived neurotropic factor on GABAA receptor function in hippocampal neurons

LIU Hong-liang, DAI Ti-jun

2011, 16(2):  121-125. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)on GABAA receptor function in cultured hippocampal neurons of rats.METHODS: Primary cultured hippocampal neurons were treated with BDNF (100, 300, or 1000 ng/L) for 20 min, and the intracellular calcium concentration was measured using flow cytometry 5 min after GABA application. GABAA-gated currents were measured using whole cell patch-clamp recordings, the potential was held at -60 mV, BDNF(100, 300, or 1000 ng/L) was applied to the neurons for 2 min, then GABA 100 μmol/L was applied for 5 s, and GABAA-gated currents were recorded. In another experiment, the potential was clamped from 100 mV to 0 mV with increment of 10 mV, GABAA-gated currents were recorded under the influence of BDNF, and the reversal potential of GABAA-gated currents was achieved.RESULTS:After treatment with BDNF 100 ng/L or 300 ng/L, the GABA- induced intracellular calcium concentrations in pyramidal cells were not changed, GABAA-gated currents at -60 mV of the held potential and the reversal potential were not affected. But under the influence of BDNF 1000 ng/L, GABA-induced intracellular calcium concentration in pyramidal cells was increased significantly compared with baseline (P<0.05), GABAA-gated currents were transformed to outward currents at -60 mV of the held pontential, and the reversal potential of GABAA-gated currents were left-shifted from 0 mV in control to -93 mV.CONCLUSION: BDNF with high concentration can make the reversal potential of GABAA-gated currents shifted leftward, and causes GABA to induce an excitatory effect through GABAA receptor.

ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway in anti-proliferation effect of PDGF-BB on HSC cells treated with Artesunate

LAI Li-na, REN Ze-en, YANG Liu-xu, ZHANG Xiao-yi, WANG Li-min, FAN Yi-min

2011, 16(2):  126-129. 

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AIM: To investigate the anti-proliferation effect of Artesunate and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 expression in rat hepatic stellate cell stimulated by platelet derived growth factor-BB,and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Artesunate against hepatic fibrosis.METHODS: HSC cells were treated with PDGF-BB to induce cell proliferation. Artesunate and PD98059 were added respectively in order to study the relationship between the activity of ERK1/2 and proliferation of HSC cells. The cells were divided into control group, PDGF-BB group, PDGF-BB plus Artesunate group, PDGF-BB plus PD98059 group. The proliferation rates of HSC cells with different treatments were detected by CCK-8.Collagen typeⅠsynthesis was detected by ELISA. Activities of ERK1/2 in HSC cells were determined by Western blotting.RESULTS:PDGF-BB increased the proliferation rate and activity of ERK1/2 in HSC cells. PDGF-BB + Art or PDGF-BB +PD98059 decreased the proliferation rate of HSC cells and activity of ERK1/2 in HSC cells.CONCLUSION: The activity of ERK1/2 is involved in the effect of PDGF-BB on HSC cells. Anti-proliferation effect of Artesunate on HSC cells affected by PDGF-BB is related to the decrease in the activity of ERK1/2.

Effects of insulin treatment on blood lipid in type 2 diabetic KK mice

ZHANG Chao, DENG Shan-shan, XU Rong, WANG Xin-ran, TANG Li-na, XIANG Li, SUN Hong-fan

2011, 16(2):  130-134. 

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AIM: To study the effect of intraperitoneal and subcutaneous insulin administration on serum lipids in a type 2 diabetic animal model (KK mice).METHODS: KK mice with fasting blood sugar level higher than 20 mmol/mL were set as type 2 diabetic model and divided into subcutaneous injection group(s.c. group, n=9) and introperitoneal injection group(i.p. group, n=9). C57BL mice were set as normal control(C group, n=10). The type 2 diabetic KK mice were given high glucose and fatty for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, insulin was administrated at doses of 0.4 mL/d for s.c. group and 0.3 mL/d for i.p. group to normalize fasting blood glucose concentration(6.0 mmol/L±1.5 mmol/L).RESULTS:After the diabetic KK mice were treated with insulin for 2-4 weeks, the serum TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were recovered to the normal scope by intraperitoneal injections of insulin, but TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were not recovered to the normal level by subcutaneous injections of insulin.CONCLUSION: This result indicates that compared with subcutaneous insulin administration, intraperitoneal insulin administration is more efficacious to correct the disorder of lipid metabolism.

Effects of triptolide on proliferation and apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell in vitro

ZHAO Can-guo, HE Yan-jie, ZHOU Sheng-ming

2011, 16(2):  135-138. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of triptolide(TP) on proliferation and apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell.METHODS: The anti-proliferative action of TP on MCF-7 cell was investigated in different conditions using MTT assay; morphological changes were evaluated by inverted microscope; MCF-7 cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the levels of Caspase-3,9 were measured by caspase assay kit.RESULTS:TP could obviously inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cell in a time- and dose-dependent manner; TP could cause cell morphological changes(deformation, shedding and cell debris,etc.). Flow cytometry showed the concentration of 5 μg/mL TP could obviously induce the MCF-7 apoptosis;the levels of Caspase-3,9 were higher than that in control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: TP induces MCF-7 cell apoptosis partly through mitochondrial signal transduction pathway.

Protective effects of MC-002 on anti-stroke in rats

ZENG Sheng-nan, WU Yu-lin, HE Guang-wei, WU Qiang

2011, 16(2):  139-143. 

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AIM: To investgate the protection effects of 3-methoxy－4-O-(2'-methyl radical-3'5'6'- trimethyl pyrazinyl) cinnamic acid (MC-002) on anti-stroke in rats by antihypertensive therapy.METHODS: RHRSP (stroke prone renovascular hypertensive rats) model was reproduced to initiate 2K1C renal hypertension, and the stroke was accelerated by high sodium intake. The effect of MC-002 at different doses on rats' neurological symptom,body weight, blood pressure and pathological section of brain tissues were examined after the administration by i.v. injections.RESULTS:MC-002 can significantly improve the rats' neurological symptom and decrease blood pressure(P<0.01);MC-002(30 and 18 mg/kg) can markedly inhibit the dropping of rats' bodyweight(P<0.01);the pathological observations showed that neuronal cells shape and number were obviously improved after treated with MC-002.CONCLUSION: As a new Ca²⁺ antagonist and scavenger of free radicals, MC-002 has notable effects of stroke protection in rats by antihypertensive therapy.

Influence of huanglian, wuzhuyu and huanglian-wuzhuyu pair herbs on aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rat colon

ZHOU Xin, DONG Li, HUANG Bo, WU Da-zheng

2011, 16(2):  143-147. 

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AIM: To study the influence of huanglian, wuzhuyu and huanglian-wuzhuyu pair herb on aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rat colon.METHODS: DMH (1,2-dimethylhydrazine) was injected subcutaneously to induce ACF in rat colon. According to morphologic criteria, the ACF's frequencies and position were observed after stained with methylene blue, and live dysfunction induced by medicines were evaluated by liver weight index.RESULTS:The numbers of ACF were significantly decreased by huanglian, wuzhuyu and huanglian-wuzhuyu pair herb(P<0.01); herb pair adverse function for liver was better than single herb.CONCLUSION: It is concluded that huanglian, wuzhuyu and huanglian-wuzhuyu pair herb may be potential chemoprevention agents against colorectal cancer; pair herb may have less adverse effect than single herb.

Effect of Sanchi on hepatic expression of SREBP1c in rats with alcoholic liver disease

SU Yan-xia, XUN Yun-hao, CHEN Zhi-yun, SHI Jun-ping

2011, 16(2):  148-154. 

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AIM: To evaluate the effect of Sanchi on hepatic expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c in rats with alcoholic liver disease(ALD).METHODS: 110 SD male rats were divided into normal group(n=30), control group(n=35), high-dose Sanchi group(n=15), low-dose Sanchi group(n=15) and Tiopronin group(n=15) randomly. A formula of ethanol-corn oil-pyrazole mixture was selected to induce ALD model by feeding for 14 weeks continually. Meanwhile, rats of high-dose Sanchi group, low-dose Sanchi group and Tiopronin group were administered with 1.2 g/(kg·d) Sanchi,0.6 g/(kg·d) Sanchi and 0.1 g/(kg·d) Tiopronin respectively. For investigating dynamic histologic changes,10 rats in normal group and 8 rats in control group were sacrificed at the 4th week,8th week,14th week by turns, and the others were sacrificed at 14th week. Histopathological scores were assessed by microscopic examination of HE and Masson staining of the right lobe of liver. The hepatic expression of SREBP1c were detected with immunohistochemistry, mRNA levels of SREBP1c and the targeting gene, acetyl-CoA-synthetase(ACS) and fatty acid synthetase(FAS) were detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS:(1)Compared with the rats in normal group, rats in control group developed higher steatosis scores and inflammation scores at every point (P<0.01). (2)In normal group, the hepatic expression of SREBP1c, ACS and FAS mRNA were low, which increased significantly as the time flied in model rats (P<0.01 or 0.05). (3)Hepatic expression of SREBP-1c in model group were higher than those of normal group at 8th and 14th week(P<0.01or 0.05), respectively. (4)High-dose Sanchi,low-dose Sanchi,or Tiopronin ameliorated the histopathological changes remarkably(P<0.01 or 0.05), the mRNA of hepatic SREBP-1c, ACS and FAS, together with SREBP-1c, were obviously inhibited(P<0.01 or 0.05).CONCLUSION: Sanchi can remarkably improve the hepatic steatosis and inflammation, restrain the hepatic expression of SREBP1c, a pivotal signal regulating liver lipid metabolism, and the mRNA of hepatic SREBP1c, ACS and FAS, then delay the exacerbation of ALD.

Hyperpolarization of hydrogen sulfide on the membrane potential of vascular smooth muscle cell in rat middle cerebral artery

CAI Sheng-nian, FAN Yi-fei, CHEN Zhi-wu

2011, 16(2):  155-159. 

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AIM: To study the hyperpolarizing effect of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) on the resting membrane potential of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) in rat middle cerebral artery (MCA).METHODS: By using the record of resting membrane potential of VSMC in the isolated rat MCAs, the hyperpolarizing effects of acetylcholine (ACh), NaHS were detected, respectively.RESULTS:In rat MCAs, 10^-7-10^-4.5 mol/L ACh had significant and concentration-dependent hyperpolarizing effect on the resting membrane potential of VSMC in the absence and presence of 3×10^-5 mol/L Nω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) and 1×10^-5 mol/L indomethacin (Indo, an inhibitor of PGI₂ synthesis). The hyperpolarizing effect of ACh in the presence of L-NAME and Indo was almost abolished by tetraethylammonium (TEA, an inhibitor of calcium-activated K⁺ channels at 1×10^-3 mol/L) or 1×10^-4 mol/L DL-propargylglycine (PPG), an inhibitor of endogenous H₂S synthase (cystathionine-γ-lyase, CSE). NaHS, a donor of H₂S had the concentration-dependent hyperpolarizing effect on the resting membrane potential of VSMC in rat MCAs, and the hyperpolarization was markedly inhibited by 1×10^-3 mol/L TEA.CONCLUSION: H₂S might mediate the non-NO- non-PGI₂ hyperpolarization, the so-called EDHF response on the resting membrane potential of VSMC in rat MCAs.

Hypotensive effect and its mechanism of taurine in fructose-induced hypertension rats

MI Qing-xian, ZHANG Ming-sheng

2011, 16(2):  160-164. 

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AIM: To investigate the hypotensive effect and its mechanism of taurine in the fructose-induced insulin resistance and hypertension rats.METHODS: The rats were divided into three groups. The rats in the control group were fed with standard rat chow and had free access to distilled water, while the rats in the fructose group had free access to a high-fructose diet, and the rats in the taurine group had free access to a diet containing high-fructose and received a 2% taurine solution as drinking water. Systolic blood pressure, insulin, triglycerides and glucose were measured. The variations of heart function parameters to noradrenaline with arterial cannulation in anaesthetic rats were observed and the reactivity of isolated thoracic aortic rings to noradrenaline, acetylcholine and acidified to NaNO were explored.RESULTS:The systolic blood pressure, serum level of insulin, triglycerides and glucose in fructose group were apparently higher than those in control and taurine groups. The vagectomy-induced variations of blood pressure and heart rate in control and taurine groups were smaller than those in fructose group rats. The sensitivity to acetylcholine in fructose group was weaker than that in control and taurine groups.CONCLUSION: Taurine ameliorates the metabolic disorder induced by fructose, and decreases the blood pressure by protecting endothelium and improving baroreflex sensitivity.

Influences of different processing methods on the content of major constituents and intestinal absorption of Coptis chinensis

WANG Ling, WANG Shao-ming, ZHUANG jie, CHEN Yu-xing

2011, 16(2):  165-169. 

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AIM: To investigate the content of major constituents of differently processed Coptis chinensis extracted by water, and to study on the impact of different processing methods on the intestinal absorption of Coptis chinensis.METHODS: Berberine, palmatine and jateorhizine were chosen as representative constituents, whose content in six differently processed Coptis chinensis extracted by water were determined by HPLC. Everted intestinal sacs were used to study the constant of absorption rate (Ka) and the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of the major constituents, and their intestinal absorption characteristics were analyzed.RESULTS:The content of Berberine, palmatine and jateorhizine in differently processed Coptis chinensis were significantly different, in which vinegar-processed Coptis chinensis was the maximum, while salty-processed Coptis chinensis was the minimum. However, the order of Ka and Papp was different from that of content, in which wine-processed Coptis chinensis was the maximum, while frying Coptis chinensis was the minimum.CONCLUSION: By means of changing the content of major constituents and the intestinal absorption of Coptis Chinensis, different processing methods may transform the properties and functions of Coptis chinensis.

Effect of ketamine on synaptic long-term potentiation in hippocampus in rats with neuropathic pain

WEI Hui-ming, MA Wei-qing, YANG Yun-li, DONG Fa-tuan, ZHANG Chen-hua, WANG Hui-ming

2011, 16(2):  170-173. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of ketamine on synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus in rats with neuropathic pain.METHODS: Eighteen adult male Wistar rats weighing 190-220 g were randomly divided into three groups (n=6): model of neuropathic pain group (model group),sham operating group, and ketamine group.Neuropathic pain was produced by ligation of the left L_4,5 spinal nerve.The behaviour of the rats was evaluated at 1, 2 and 3 week after surgery.The pain threshold was measured before surgery,at 1, 2 and 3 week after surgery.The excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) in hippocampal CA1 region was measured at 3 d after the last measurement of pain threshold.LTP was induced by high-frequency stimulation(HFS).Ketamine(25 mg/kg i.p.)was injected at 20 min before HFS.RESULTS:Compared with the sham operating group,the pain threshold was significantly lower in the model group and ketamine group.Compared with the model group,the amplitude of LTP was significantly lower in the ketamine group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Ketamine might inhibit the facilitation of synaptic LTP induced by neuropathic pain in the CA1 area of the hippocampus.

Effect of blockage of Notch1 signaling on the activation of T cellular immunity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic hepatitis B

LIU Xue-ni, PEI Jin-xian, LI Xiao-liang, ZANG Guo-qing, YU Yong-sheng

2011, 16(2):  174-179. 

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AIM: To investigate the influence of Notch1 signaling on expression of T-bet, Th1- and Th2-type cytokines and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with chronic hepatitis B, and analyze the possible function of Notch1 signaling on regulating the activation of T cellular immunity.METHODS: PBMC of patients with chronic hepatitis B were divided into test group, negative control group and blank control group, respectively was given anti-Notch1, IgG2b and RPMI-1640. The expression of T-bet mRNA was examined by real-time PCR, Th1-type cytokines IFN-γ,IL-2, Th2-type cytokines IL-4,IL-10 were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and CTL cytotoxicity was measured by Cytotoxicity Detection Assay (LDH).RESULTS:After Notch1 signaling of PBMC was blocked in chronic hepatitis B patients, expression of T-bet mRNA and the production of Th1-type cytokines IFN-γ,IL-2 were enhanced while Th2-type cytokines IL-4,IL-10 were decreased, and CTL cytotoxicity was enhanced, compared with the blank control groups (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: After blocking of Notch1 signaling of PBMC of chronic hepatitis B patients, the expression of T-bet mRNA and the production of Th1-type cytokines IFN-γ,IL-2 were increased, while Th2-type cytokines IL-4,IL-10 were decreased and CTL cytotoxicity was enhanced. It suggested that blockage of Notch1 signaling could activate T cellular immunity of patients with chronic hepatitis B, Notch1 signaling might contribute to immune tolerance of patients with chronic hepatitis B, perhaps related with T-bet.

Bioequivalence of tosufloxacin tosylate tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers

WANG Xiao-bo, XI Rong-gang, ZHENG Hui-min, YUE Hong, LIU Dan

2011, 16(2):  180-184. 

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AIM: To evaluate the bioequivalence of tosufloxacin test tablets and reference tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers.METHODS: Eighteen healthy male Chinese volunteers were enrolled and orally administrated 0.3 g tosufloxacin test tablets or reference tablets,the concentration of tosufloxacin in plasma were determined by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with the aid of DAS 2.0 pharmacokinetics software. The bioequivalence of the test and reference tablets were calculated by analysis of variance, two one sided t-test.RESULTS:The pharmacokinetic parameters of tosufloxacin test tablets and reference tablets were as following:t_1/2 (5.17±1.96) and (5.13±2.10) h;t_max (0.89±0.19) and (0.86±0.20) h;C_max (0.53±0.09) and (0.51±0.09) μg/mL;AUC_{0-24 h} (1.75±0.67) and (1.76±0.66) μg·h·mL^-1;AUC_0→∞ (1.98±0.74) and (1.98±0.76) μg·h·mL^-1,respectively. The relative bioavailability of two formulations was (101.1±15.6) %.CONCLUSION: The results of statistical analysis demonstrated that the two preparations were bioequivalent.

Concentration determination of nitrendipine in plasma by LC-MS/MS

TIAN Zhi-guo, ZHANG Xiao-li

2011, 16(2):  185-189. 

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AIM: To establish HPLC-MS/MS quantitative analysis method for the determination of nitrendipine in plasma.METHODS: The plasma samples were pretreated with liquid-liquid extraction.HPLC analysis was carried out on a Eclipse C₁₈(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm)with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water gradient elution.Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole tandem mass sepectrometer by multiple-reaction monitoring and an electrospray ionization source was employed as the ionization source.The method was fully validated.RESULTS:The linear range was 0.1-50.1 ng/mL and the determination limit was 0.1 ng/mL.The extraction recovery were 84.4%,94.1% and 87.0%.The assay of stability was well.CONCLUSION: The method is simple, rapid, high sensitivity,can be used for nitrendipine clinical blood concentration determination and pharmacokinetics study.

Efficacy of edaravone injection in treatment of acute ischemic stroke

YAN Rong, LI Zhan, YANG Xiu-geng, YU Feng

2011, 16(2):  190-195. 

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AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of edaravone injection in patients with acute ischemic stroke.METHODS: A multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel and combined with basic medicals trial was carried out on patients with acute ischemic stroke. Beside the basic treatments,the patients in treatment group were received edaravone 20 mg dissolved in sodium chloride injection 100 mL,twice a day, for 14 days, while that of control group were received similar quantity of sodium chloride injection with those of edaravone group but without edaravone.RESULTS:Two hundred and thirty eight patients were enrolled in the study,119 in edaravone group and 119 in control group. The edaravone group had a better neurological deficits grade than control group from d7 and it had significant differences in statistics(P<0.01), and as time going, the difference become more significant.CONCLUSION: Edaravone injection is a new and efficient medicine in treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

Effects of induction with midazolam on postoperative anesthesia recovery quality in aged patients received laparoscopic cholecystectomy

ZHONG Jun-feng, HU Shuang-yan, JIANG Zong-ming

2011, 16(2):  196-199. 

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AIM: To evaluate the effects of induction with midazolam on postoperative anesthesia recovery quality in aged patients received laparoscopic cholecystectomy.METHODS: 54 ASAⅠ-Ⅱelderly patients aged 65-75 years undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=27); experimental group(Group M) and control group(Group P).Midazolam 0.05 mg/kg, propofol 0.6-0.8 mg/kg, fentanyl 4 μg/kg and atracurium 0.7 mg/kg were intravenously administered during induction in Group M,wheareas in Group P ,anesthesia was induced with propofol 1-1.5 mg/kg, fentanyl 4 μg/kg and atracurium 0.7 mg/kg. The patients were mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintainded with propofol and sevoflurane. The SBP,DBP and HR were recorded immediately before anesthesia induction (T₀),1 min after intubaion (T₁), pneumopetitonium (T₂),at the end of surgery(T₃),immediately and 1 min,5 min,10 min after extubation (T_4,5,6,7). Times of open eyes,extubation,staying at PACU and being wide awake were recorded. Adverse events after extubation and Ramsay score 10 minutes after extubation were observed.RESULTS:Compared with Group P, the time of open eyes and extubation were significantly prolonged(P＜0.05) and the rates of post-extubation respiratory depression, glossoptosis and drowsiness were significantly increased in Group M(P＜0.05).The number of samples of Ramsay score grade 3 or 4 at 10 min after extubation in Group M was increased(P＜0.05).The SBP,DBP and HR at T₄ ,T₅ were obviously increased than those at T₀ in the two groups.There was statistically difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: Midazolam might result in postoperative recovery delay in elderly patients, and it could increase the rate of post-extubation respiratory depression,glossoptosis and drowsiness.

Effects of fluvastatin on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with stable exertional angina pectoris and hypercholesterolemia

HUO Yong-jia

2011, 16(2):  200-203. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of fluvastatin on myocardial ischemia induced by exercise testing in patients with stable exertional angina pectoris and hypercholesterolemia.METHODS: Ninety patients with stable exertional angina pectoris, positive exercise test and hypercholesterolemia were randomly divided into a 12-week treatment period either diet plus fluvastatin (n=45) or diet alone(n=45). All the patients underwent exercise testing before and after the treatment period.RESULTS:Fluvastatin -treated patients had a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglyccrides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after treatment(P<0.05). After treatment, the patients in the fluvastatin group had significantly increase in exercise tolerance, longer time in ST depression of 1.0 mm and decrease in the severity of ST depression.CONCLUSION: Fluvastatin can reduce exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with stable exertional angina pectoris and hypercholesterolemia.

Clinical study on early enteral nutrition with nasal-intestinal tube for improving postoperative fatigue syndrome in the elderly with gastric cancer

JIANG Yong, ZHANG Yi-sheng, ZHAO Guo-hai

2011, 16(2):  203-208. 

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AIM: To study the effects of early enteral nutrition(EEN) with nasal-intestinal tube on the postoperative fatigue syndrome in the elderly with gastric cancer.METHODS: Elder postoperative patients with gastric cancer were randomly divided into EEN group (n=40) and PN group (n=40). The patients in EEN group were infused with enteral nutritional suspension through nasal-intestinal tube at 24 hours after the operation. The patients in PN group received vein nutrition through the central vein. The indices were investigated such as nitrogen balance, falinue(Chrislensen score), sleep time, the body weigh,hand grip strength,triceps skin-fold thickness,upper arm circumference,serum levels of albumin,prealbumin,transferring and retinol binding protein.RESULTS:On postoperative day 7,the fatigue scores in EEN group were significantly lower than those in PN group(P<0.01). The positive nitrogen balance in the EEN group was got on the third postoperative day, 3 d earlier than that in the PN group, and the levels of nitrogen balance on the third postoperative day were varied significantly between groups (P<0.01). The cumulative nitrogen balance was positive in the EEN group while negative in the PN group (P<0.01). On postoperative day 7,the body weigh, triceps skin-fold thickness, upper arm circumference of the two groups all were dropped but without significant differences(P>0.05), the hand grip strength and sleep time in the EEN group was much superior to the PN group (P<0.05). Serum levels of prealbumin and retinol binding protein in the EEN group were increased more significantly than those in the PN group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Early enteral nutrition of gastric cancer in the elderly can improve the POFS, reduce the duration of the POFS, and improve the nitrogen balance, especially during the early postoperative period.

Quantitative analysis of circulating DNA in plasma of lung cancer patients with metastasis or recurrence

LIU Hong-jie, YE Bin, CHENG Jing, JI Zhao-ning

2011, 16(2):  209-213. 

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AIM: To quantify the circulating DNA in plasma from patients with lung cancer and investigate the relationship with the circulating DNA and neoplasm metastasis or recurrence in lung cancer patients.METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 98 lung cancer patients,44 patients with non-neoplastic diseases,and 60 healthy volunteers. The circulating DNA was extracted and analyzed by fluorescent dye(SYBR green I)staining.RESULTS:The circulating DNA concentration in the lung cancer, was significantly higher than which patients with non-neoplastic diseases and the healthy volunteers.The level of circulating DNA was higher in lung caner patients with metastasis or recurrence.CONCLUSION: Circulating DNA in plasma may become a new tumor marker to monitor metastasis or recurrence of lung cancer.

Progress in the roles of adenosine receptors in sleep-wake regulation

YU Jie, XU Qi, WANG Yi-qun

2011, 16(2):  214-218. 

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Adenosine, the product of ATP, widely presented in the brain is proposed to be an endogenous sleep-promoting substance. Among 4 subtypes of adenosine receptor (R), A₁R, A_2AR, A_2BR and A₃R, it has been reported that both adenosine A₁R and A_2AR mediate the somnogenic effects of adenosine. Activation of A₁R in the arousal histaminergic posterior hypothalamus, cholinergic basal forebrain and so on promotes sleep. A_2AR is mainly localized in the caudate-putaman, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercles. Activation of A_2AR significantly promotes sleep. A_2AR mediates the somnogenic effects of prostaglandin D₂, and acts as the target of caffeine. However, the roles of A₁R and A_2AR in sleep-wake regulation are in debate. This review summarizes the progress in the roles of adenosine receptors in sleep-wake regulation.

Progress on ChemR23 and its ligands

WAN Jiang-bo, WANG Qi-zhao, XU Rui-an

2011, 16(2):  219-225. 

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Recently,the relationship of the microenvironment and the tumor metastasis has become a new research focus.Multiple evidences reveal that the regulations of the tumor microenvironment enable the inhibition of metastasis, advanced research suggest that the chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMLR1 also ChemR23 )and its ligands in signal transduction and cell-cell interaction in the regulations of the tumor microenvironment play an important role. Therefore,ChemR23 and its signal pathway might be a new target for cancer therapy.

New advances of renal natriuretic peptide system

LIN Zhang, HONG Hua-shan

2011, 16(2):  226-231. 

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The natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP and CNP) are a family of related hormones that are secreted by atrium, ventricle or vascular endothelial cells with poten natriuretic, diuretic, vasorelaxant and hypotensive activities. Through combining natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR-A, NPR-B and NPR-C) on target cells, the natriuretic peptides exert an important role in systemic and local homeostasis. As one of the primary target organs of natriuretic peptides, kidney is found to show local mRNA and protein expression of natriuretic peptides and their receptors, forming a local renal natriuretic peptide system. In this paper, major recent developments and their significance of renal natriuretic peptide system are reviewed.

Cardiovascular protective effects of metformin

FANG Li-juan, LIU Nai-feng

2011, 16(2):  232-236. 

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Metformin belongs to biguanide drugs, used as oral hypoglycemic agents in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for 50 years, and its anti-hyperglycemic effect has been recognized. Furthermore, in recent years more and more studies found that metformin has additional cardiovascular protective effects, including the inhibition of atherosclerosis (AS), heart failure and myocardial infarction. However, the specific effect of metformin on cardiovascular protection is still unclear. This article reviews the effect of metformin in cardiovascular disease and discusses its possible mechanisms.

Progress in studies of the pharmacokinetics of danshen and its preparations' main effect components

ZENG Cai-wen, XIA Chun-hua, XIONG Yu-qing

2011, 16(2):  237-240. 

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Danshen(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) is one of the common traditional Chinese medicine clinically used to cure the cardiovascular diseases for thousands of years. It is suggested that the in vivo study of traditional Chinese medicine plays an extremely important role on making traditional Chinese medicine better to enter the international market. This paper reviews the progress in studies of the pharmacokinetics of danshen and its preparations' main effect components, providing the methodology and theory for further integration pharmacokinetic study.