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Welcome to Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics,Today is Chinese

Table of Content

    Volume 16 Issue 7
    26 July 2011
    Establishment of traumatic spinal cord injury model in rats
    GU Bing, JIN Jian-bo, LI Hua-nan, WANG Shuo-yu
    2011, 16(7):  721-728. 
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    AIM: To establish a rat model for controlled spinal cord contusion injury.METHODS: Traumatic spinal cord injury model (TSCI) in rats was duplicated by controlled spinal cord contusion injury method with a BenchmarkTM stereotaxic cortical impactor. Motor function was evaluated at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 day after TSCI with inclined plane test and BBB score. And then morphological changes were carefully inspected in the injured part and adjacent area.RESULTS: The angle sustaining on the inclined plane and BBB score of spinal cord injured rats were significantly lower than that of sham-operated rats(P<0.01). Nerve fibers were swollen in the injured sites. Motoneurons were swollen or loss and Nissl bodies were lightly stained or even dissolved in gray matter. Microglia remarkably proliferated. Motoneuron degeneration and demyelination were observed by using cupric-silver straining and Luxol Fast Blue staining technique.CONCLUSION: The rat model for controlled spinal cord contusion injury is reproducible and suitable for the pharmacodynamic screening of neuroprotective drugs.
    Ameliorative effects of trimetazidine on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells viability through Bcl-2 expression
    ZHU Gang-yan, XU Hong-xin, TIAN Yi-hao, MA Hong-mei, TANG Shi-qi, WANG Fu-liang, WU Song-lin
    2011, 16(7):  729-735. 
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    AIM: To investigate whether Trimetazidine (TMZ) can improve the survival of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in an ex-vitro model of hypoxia, as well as survival, differentiation, and subsequent activities of transplanted MSCs in rat hearts with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and discuss the mechanism.METHODS: MSCs at passage 3 were examined for their viability and apoptosis by transmission electron microscope, and flow cytometry following cultured in serum-free medium and exposed to hypoxia (5%CO2, 95%N2) for 12 h with or without TMZ. Thirty wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n=10 in every group), including group I (AMI control), group II (MSCs transplantation alone), and group III (TMZ+MSCs). Rat MSCs (4×107cells) were injected into peri-infarct myocardium (MSCs and TMZ+MSCs groups) thirty minutes after coronary artery ligation. The rats in TMZ+MSCs group were additionally fed TMZ with 2.08 mg·kg-1·d-1 from 3 days before AMI to 28 days after AMI. Cardiac structure and function was assessed by echocardiography 28 days after transplantation. The survival and differentiation of transplanted cells were detected by immunofluorescent staining. The cellular apoptosis in the peri-infarct region was detected with TUNEL assay. Furthermore, apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax) within the post-infarcted myocardium were detected with Western blotting.RESULTS: In hypoxic culture, the TMZ-treated MSCs displayed a two-fold decrease in apoptosis under serum-free medium and hypoxia environment. In vivo, cardiac infarct size was significantly smaller, cardiac function significantly improved in the MSCs and TMZ+MSCs groups than those in the control group. Combined treatment with TMZ and MSCs implantation demonstrated a further decrease in MSCs apoptosis, a further increase in MSCs viability, a further decrease in infarct size, and a further improvement in cardiac function as compared with MSCs alone. Western blotting indicated that the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was upregulated, while the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was downregulated in the TMZ+MSCs group, compared with that in the MSCs group.CONCLUSION: Implantation of MSCs combined with TMZ treatment is superior to MSCs monotherapy for MSCs viability and cardiac function recovery. The up-regulating of Bcl-2 maybe the potential mechanism.
    Effects of asiatic acid as a novel glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor on glucose metabolism
    LIU Jun, MAO Li-fei, SHANG Jing, SUN Hong-bin, ZHANG Lu-yong
    2011, 16(7):  736-739. 
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    AIM: To determine the effects of asiatic acid, a novel glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, on glucose consumption in HepG2 cell and on blood glucose and hepatic glycogen in mice,and study the hypoglycemic mechanism.METHODS: Mice were given intragastrically either vehicle or asiatic acid for 7 days.The model of hyperglycemia in mice was induced by subcutaneous injection of Adrenaline; the fasting plasma glucose and hepatic glycogen of mice were measured.RESULTS: The elevation of blood glucose level caused by Adrenaline was antagonized by asiatic acid significantly. Asiatic acid also increased the hepatic glycogen content in adrenaline-induced hyperglycemia mice.Furthermore,Asiatic acid showed significant effect on glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, and its IC50 of inhibiting glycogen phosphorylase was 12.1 μmol/L in vivo.CONCLUSION: Asiatic acid presents anti-diabetic effect, the mechanism is probably concerned with inhibiting excessive hepatic glycogen degradation.
    Effect of total saikosaponins on the intestinal first-pass effect and liver Cyp3a, Cyp2e1
    WANG Yong-hui, QI Jin-feng, LIN Mei
    2011, 16(7):  740-748. 
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    AIM: To investigate the effect of total saikosaponins on intestinal first-pass effect (Cyp3a, P-glycoprotein) and Cytochrome P450 (Cyp3a, Cyp2e1).METHODS: The mice of each group were treated with water or investigated samples at two times a day for three days. The concentration of acetaminophen was determined by spectrophotometer. Liver/intestinal microsomes were separated by ultracentrifugation. The activity of Cyp3a and Cyp2e1 was detected by spectrophotometry. The expression of Cyp3a11/Cyp2e1 mRNA in liver was estimated by real-time PCR.RESULTS: Blood APAP concentration and P-glycoprotein coupled ATPase activities were no significant differences between all saikosaponin groups and control group (P>0.05); Cyp3a activities of high-dosage group (150 mg/kg) both in liver and intestinal microsomes, erythromycin and aminopyrine as the substrate, was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05) in both intestine and liver, Cyp2e1 activity of liver microsomes in high-dosage group (150 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05); RT-PCR results indicate that only high doses of saikosaponins (150 mg/kg) can induce the expression of Cyp3a11 in the liver.CONCLUSION: Total saikosaponins can induce CYP3A4 activity in mouse liver and intestine, while inhibit Cyp2e1 activity in mouse liver and have no influence on P-glycoprotein efflux activity when large dosage was administrated.
    Effects of midazolam on acetylcholine receptor channels in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons
    ZHANG Cheng-mi, SHEN Hao, XU Zi-feng, WANG Ying-tian, YU Wei-feng, ZHENG Ji-jian
    2011, 16(7):  749-753. 
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    AIM: To study the effects of midazolam on the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) channels in rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons and the mechanisms of midazolam-induced hypotension.METHODS: Whole-cell patch-Clamp recordings were made from enzymatically isolated rat SCG neurons.RESULTS: At a holding potential (Vh) -60 mV, acetylcholine chloride evoked an inward current of rapid activation and then rapid desensitization decay, which was AChR channel currents, the half effective activation concentration (EC50) was 39.65 μmol/L. Clinically relevant concentration of midazolam (0.3 μmol/L) inhibited the 200 μmol/L acetylcholine chloride-evoked macroscopic peak currents by 23.41% (P<0.05, n=6), enhanced the rates of desensitization from 45.59%±14.21% to 57.93%±13.74% (P<0.01, n=6), and these effects were dose dependent. Midazolam inhibited ACh-induced currents, but it did not alter the reversal potential of AChR channel. This inhibition was also voltage-independent at member potentials between -20 mV and -70 mV.CONCLUSION: Clinically relevant concentration of midazolam has significant inhibition on the AChR channel currents in rat sympathetic neurons; this inhibition is dos-dependent and voltage-independent, it is relevant to the desensitization of AChR channel.
    Glucomannan inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity in the Caco-2 cell
    SUN Juan, GE Sheng, SHEN Li, CAO Yun
    2011, 16(7):  754-758. 
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    AIM: To observe the inhibitory effect of different concentration of Glucomannan on dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity in the Caco-2 cell at 12 h, 36 h, respectively.METHODS: Seven different concentrations were tested in this experiment, two low concentration groups (60, 240 mg/L), two middle concentration groups (400, 500 mg/L), three high concentration groups(700, 800, 900 mg/L) of Glucomannan, negative control group, and blank control group. Each treatment lasted for 12 hours and 36 hours respectively. DPP4 activity was measured with colorimetric determination of product formation (HGly-Pro-pNA, 0.2 mmol/L, Bachem) in different situations.RESULTS: (1) Compared with the negative control group, the P values of the different concentrations of glucomannan were 0.579, 0.545 (the low concentration groups), 0.349, 0.080 (the middle concentration groups), 0.082, 0.097, 0.429 (the high Concentrations groups) respectively after reacting with Caco-2 cells for a short of time. There were no significant differences detected. (2) At 36 h, the P values were 0.007, 0.002 (the low concentration groups), 0.621, 0.976 (the middle concentration groups), 1.000, 0.940, 0.994 (the high concentrations groups) respectively. The differences between the negative control groups and the low concentration groups have statistical significance (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: There is a trend indicating that the high concentrations of glucomannan (700 mg/L) may inhibit the DPP4 activity in Caco-2 cells at 12 h. However, under the same circumstance, the low concentration of glucomannan (60, 240 mg/L) can inhibit the DPP4 activity in Caco-2 cells in a long term (36 h).
    A research on application of Actiwatch to monitor the locomotor activity in mice
    LIU Jing, XU Jiang-tao
    2011, 16(7):  759-762. 
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    AIM: Using Actiwatch to monitor the locomotor activity in mice and verifying the correlation between Actiwatch and manual counting.METHODS: Thirty mice were randomly divided into three groups(control, diazepam and caffeine group), compared the synchronized data of locomotor activity of mice in jiggle-cage, which recorded by manual counting and Actiwatch, then made a correlation analysis.RESULTS: Both the Actiwatch and manual counting results showed that diazepam group had significant difference from control group and caffeine group, P<0.01; However control group had little difference from caffeine group, P>0.05. The correlation coefficient of movement time and activity number which recorded by Actiwatch and manual counting respectively were 0.83 and 0.91.CONCLUSION: The data recorded by Actiwatch and manual counting have a close correlation, and Actiwatch can be used to monitor the locomotor activity in mice.
    Quantitative evaluation of pharmacodynamic interactions on diaphoretic effects among the components of Mao-to in rats
    XIONG Qian, ZHANG Mi, ZHENG Qing-shan
    2011, 16(7):  763-767. 
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    AIM: To analyze pharmacodynamic interaction on diaphoretic effects among the components from Mao-to for finding an optimal combination.METHODS: According to the four components that included in Mao-to, an orthogonal design with 1-level = used and 0-level = not used, was selected in L14(24) and a mathematical model was built up with the nonlinear mixed effect model (NONMEM) for rat experiment. Vacuole incidence of axillary sweat gland was determined to evaluate the diaphoretic effect. The importance and effectiveness of each component were analyzed in combinations and the bias was evaluated by some charts.RESULTS: The prediction model showed that it would be Cassia Twig (B), Ephedra (A), Apricot (C), and Liquorice (D) in order by the importance and the best combination is A plus B, while the worst is C combined with D.CONCLUSION: Ephedra and Cassia Twig in combination have significant diaphoretic effect in rats, and the combination will show better effect in comparison with any single component.
    Analysis of gene mutation in 35 cases self-doubt hearing loss of patients related to drug-induced using DNA microarray
    WEI Shao-huang, GUO Shun-min, LIN Wen-jin
    2011, 16(7):  768-771. 
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    AIM: To investigate the gene mutation in self-doubt related to drug-induced hearing loss patients of non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss and identify the molecular etiopathogenisis.METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 35 cases self-doubt hearing loss of patients collected by out-patient clinic. Their genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood by extraction kits to undergo polymerase chain reaction, Gene microarray and sequencing so as to detect the mutations of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene.RESULTS: In 35 patients, one mutation was found out in mtDNA 12S rRNA gene C1494T (2.86%), the other were wild type or other DNA mutations.CONCLUSION: Only a minority of drug-induced hearing loss associated with Mitochondrial DNA mutations amongst clinical self-doubt patients. The other deafness genes test simultaneously would be better. And gene microarray is one of a new and good method suggested.
    Association study of ERCC1 and ERCC4 genetic polymorphism with response and survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy
    HUA Zhi-hui, FANG Wen-zheng, ZHAO Zhong-quan, XIE Fang-wei, OU YANG Xue-nong, SONG Hong-tao
    2011, 16(7):  772-778. 
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    AIM: To evaluate the effect of the polymorphisms of excision repair cross-complementation group 1(ERCC1) and excision repair cross-complementation group 4 (ERCC4) on response and progress free survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.METHODS: ERCC1 and ERCC4 were genetyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. The relationship between response, progress free survival and genetype was analyzed.RESULTS: Compared with patients carrying C/T and T/T in ERCC1 C118T, carrying genotype C/C were more likely respond to chemotherapy(20.6% vs 29.6%; 77.8% vs 73.5%) , but there is no significant difference in response and progress free survival in patients at ERCC1 C118T genotype. Compared with patients carrying C/T and T/T in ERCC4 -673C>T, carrying genotype C/C tended to get less clinical benefit from chemotherapy(72.5% vs 81.0%), any associativity between ERCC4 -673C>T genotype and response, progress free survival in patients receiving cisplatin based chemotherapy was unfounded.CONCLUSION: Genetic polymorphism of ERCC1 and ERCC4 were not associated with response and progress free survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
    Bioequivalence of ondansetron hydrochloride tablets in healthy volunteers
    LI Xiao-min, GAN Lu-ming, HE Xiu-mei, CHEN Feng
    2011, 16(7):  779-783. 
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    AIM: To study the bioequivalence of two ondansetron hydrochloride tablets in Chinese healthy volunteers.METHODS: A randomized crossover study designing was adopted in the study. 20 healthy volunteers were given single oral dose of ondansetron (8 mg). The concentration of ondansetron in plasma was measured by HPLC-MS. All statistic analysis was performed by using SPSS 13.0 statistics software.RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference preparation were as follow: Cmax were (33±8) and (32±8) μg/L, tmax were (1.5±0.3) and (1.5±0.4)  h, AUC0~24 were (176±67) and (168±58)  μg·h·L-1, AUC0~∞ were (188±70) and (182±63)  μg·h·L-1. The relative bioavailability of the test was (103.2±10.0) %.CONCLUSION: The two ondansetron hydrochloride tablets are bioequivalent.
    Study on lymph node tracing of advanced gastric cancer using irinotecan coupled with methylene blue
    CHEN Xiao-peng, WANG Dong, WANG Guan-nan, HU Ming-hua, ZHANG Wei-dong, ZHANG Guo-zheng, ZHANG Fan
    2011, 16(7):  792-795. 
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    AIM: To explore the effectiveness and mechanism of lymph node tracing using irinotecan coupled with methylene blue in radical resection of advanced gastric cancer.METHODS: 90 patients with advanced gastric cancer were randomly divided into the non-tracing group (n=31), methylene blue tracing group (n=30) and the combination tracing group (n=29). During operation, 2 mL of methylene blue was injected into the peritumoral subserosa at 4 points with microacupuncture needle in methylene blue tracing group, and the couplant of 40 mg of irinotecan and 2 mL methylene blue was injected in combination tracing group. The D2/D2+ lymphadenectomy was finished by curettage-aspiration dissection with Peng's multifunction operative dissector (PMOD) in all three groups. The operation time, intraoperative hemorrhage quantity, blood transfusion amount, the number of cleared lymph node and postoperative data of follow-up were collected.RESULTS: The average surgery time in three groups were (218±67),(192±31)and (205±36)min(P>0.05), respectively. The intraoperative average hemorrhage quantity were(248±116),(164±88) and(173±98)mL(P<0.05), and average blood transfusion amount of recipient's(457±159),(489±176)and (467±148) mL(P>0.05), respectively. The average numbers of cleared lymph node were (22±9),(22±10) and(30±9)(P<0.05) with positive lymph node(7±3),(6±3)and(9±3)(P<0.05), respectively. By an average of 3 years of follow-up, the information of 29, 28 and 28 patients in three groups were collected respectively. The tumor recurrence rates were 31.0%(9/29), 32.1%(9/28) and 21.4%(6/28)(P>0.05) in three groups while 3-year survival rates were 62.1%(18/29), 57.1%(16/28) and 78.6%(22/28) (P>0.05), respectively.CONCLUSION: It is not only safe and convenient to inject the couplant of irinotecan and methylene blue into the peritumoral subserosa, but also significantly improve the effectiveness of lymphadenectomy in advanced gastric cancer. The possible mechanism is that the couplant obviously lengthens the dyeing and fading time of lymph nodes, gives color visual stimulation to the surgeon for exact and thorough lymph node dissection all the time during operation.
    Clinical observation on efficacy of anti-virus oral liquid on herpangina
    LIU Ai-lin, LI Li
    2011, 16(7):  796-799. 
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    AIM: To observe the effects of anti-virus oral liquid on herpangina in children.METHODS: Three hundreds and sixty children with herpangina were randomly allocated into three groups, treated with ribavirin spray, anti-virus oral liquid, ribavirin spray combined with anti-virus oral liquid, respectively.RESULTS: There were no differences of defervescence, regression time of herpes and total efficacy rate between ribavirin spray treatment group and anti-virus oral liquid control group (P<0.05), ribavirin spray combined with anti-virus oral liquid treatment could further shorten the defervescence and regression time of herpes, increased the total efficacy rate (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Anti-virus oral liquid has an affirmative clinical efficacy in the treatment of children with herpangina, especially combined with ribavirin spray.
    Comparative study of Parocetine and Citalopram on treatment of depressive patients with attempted suicide
    CHENG Min-feng, WEN Sheng-lin, ZHONG Zhi-yong
    2011, 16(7):  800-802. 
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    AIM: To compare the clinical effect and safty of Parocetine and Citalopram on treatment of depressive patients with attempted suicide.METHODS: Using randomized study, 75 cases depressive patients with attempted suicide were evaluated by Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAMD) and Treatment emergent symotoms(TESS).RESULTS: The effective rate of Parocetine after 4 weeks treatment was lower than that of Citalopram (P<0.05).There was significance difference. The significant efficiency had significance difference in two groups after 4 weeks treatment (P<0.05). The side effects of Parocetine and Citalopram had no differences(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Citalopram is rapidly responsive antidepressant for depressive patients with attempted suicide, and safty of Parocetine and Citalopram are similar.
    Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on hemodynamics and gland secretion of patients undergoing surgery of chest
    LIU Juan, GUO Jian-rong
    2011, 16(7):  803-806. 
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    AIM: To observe the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on blood pressure(BP),heart rate (HR),oxyhernoglobin saturation by pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2),and gland secretion in patients undergoing surgery of chest.METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing surgery of chest were randomly divided into 3 groups,in which the patients were intravenously injected with 2 mL of normal saline(group A),0.01 mg/kg of atropine(group B),0.01 mg/kg of penehyclidine hydrochloride(group C),20 minutes before the induction of anesthesia,respectively.In all patients,BP,HR,SpO2, visual analog scale(VAS)scores for thirst,and the tracheal and salivary secretion volume were determined both before and after the injection.RESULTS: Compared with baseline,HRin group C were significantly lower (P<0.05).In group B,HR significantly increased after the injection of atropine (P<0.05).SpO2 in group A and group B and group C were no differences(P>0.05).The VAS scores for thirst in group C was significantly lower than those in group B 10 minutes after injection and after extubation(P<0.05),and the VAS scores for thirst in group C was significantly higher than those in group B one hour after extubation.CONCLUSION: Penehyclidine hydrochloride(0.01 mg/kg) injected intravenously before operation can decrease salivary secretion effectively without increasing HR and BP.
    Effect and clinical significance of tirofiban on serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and diabetes
    DENG Shao-xiong, GUO Nan-ou, ZHENG-Yuan, HUANG Wen-sen
    2011, 16(7):  807-811. 
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    AIM: To study the effect and clinical significance of tirofiban on serum matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9) and after primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)and diabetes.METHODS: One hundred and twenty-three patients with acute STEMI and diabetes who were treated with primary PCI were designed into two groups: routine treatment group(61 cases) and tirofiban group(62cases).The clinical datas and coronary arterydisorders datas in two groups were compared.The serum MMP-9 levels among two groups before and after primary PCI were detected, as well as the incidences of in-stent restenosis(ISR) at 12 months after primary PCI.RESULTS: The clinical datas,the degreee of coronary stenosis and the number of lesion vessels were similar between the two groups(P>0.05). The levels of MMP-9 in the two groups were both significantly higher after PCI(P<0.05).The level of MMP-9 after PCI from the tirofiban group was obviously lower than that in the routine treatment group(P<0.05).The incidence of in-stent restenosis(ISR) from the tirofiban group was distinctly lower than that in the routine treatment group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The level of serum MMP-9 is higher after the primary PCI in patients with acute STEMI and diabetes.The tirofiban can reduce the incidence of post-stenting restenosis by the means of degrading the level of MMP-9.
    Observation for effect of alprostadil on uric albumin excretion of the patients with diabetic nephropathy
    REN Chuan-yong, XU Liang
    2011, 16(7):  812-814. 
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    AIM: To explore the clinical efficacy of alprostadil injection treatment on reducing urinary protein and lowering blood viscosity of type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy and the treatment efficacy changes over time.METHODS: 48 patients with type 2 diabetic were divided into two groups randomly. Both groups were given integrated treatment on chronic renal insufficiency, diabetic, high blood pressure, high blood sugar. The trial group was treated with alprostadil 10 μg/d for three weeks. The control group was given astragalus 30 mL/d intravenous infusion. The changes of urine albumin, blood viscosity and other clinical indicators were observed before and after the treatment and at the end of the 1,3,6,9,12th month.RESULTS: After treatment the urinary protein, blood viscosity of two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05); The urinary protein of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group (P <0.05), but as time past that of, this gap decreased gradually. To the end of the 12 month there was no significant difference between them, and there was no significant difference at the end of the 9 month on the blood viscosity between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Patients with diabetic nephropathy who had received the treatment of alprostadil three weeks could decrease proteinuria excretion, lower blood viscosity but this protection for renal has some limitations in a long-term , the effect of treatment diminishes little by little in a year.
    Complex lidocaine crem used in polyp of cord resection
    GUO Wen-jun, JIN Xiao-ju, CAO Ya, LU Mei-jin, ZHOU Wei
    2011, 16(7):  815-818. 
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    AIM: To study the efficacy and safety of complex lidocaine crem used in polyp of cord resection.METHODS: Forty patients who need such operation, were randomly divided to two groups, the trial group and control group. There were 20 patients in each group. The trial group used complex lidocaine crem besmear on the front 1/3 of the tracheal catheter. The control group did not use the drug on the tracheal catheter. The heart rate(HR), the mean aortic pressure(MAP) and the SpO2 were recorded at beforeoperation(T1),just before tracheal intubation(T2), 5 min after tracheal intubation (T3), operation completeted (T4), just after extubation (T5), 5 min after extubation(T6), 10 min after extubation (T7).The cases who have bucking, foreign body sensation and throat pain were also recorded, the toxic symptom of local anesthetic was observed.RESULTS: There were no significant differences at T1-T5 between two groups of HR, MAP and SpO2 (P>0.05) .The HR,MAP in trial group were significantly lower than those in control group at T6 and T7(P<0.05) .The HR and MAP were significant higher in control group than those in trial group at T5. The SpO2 had no difference between two groups (P>0.05).There were no significant differences between two groups in the cases who had bucking (P>0.05).There were more throat pain patients in control group than in trial group (P<0.05).The foreign body sensation patients in experiment group were more than in control group (P<0.05).There were no toxic symptom of local anesthetic in all studied patients.CONCLUSION: The complex lidocaine crem used in polyp of cord resection operation can reduce stimulation during extubation, lessen the throat pain after operation. But it can make patient feel the postoperation foreign body sensation. There were no patients emerging toxic symptom of local anesthetic. The complex lidocaine crem can be used in polyp of cord resection efficiently and safely.
    Control study of paliperidone extended-release tablet and risperidone on negative symptoms of schizophrenia
    YUAN Guo-feng, YU Yu-li
    2011, 16(7):  819-822. 
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    AIM: To study the efficacy and safety of paliperidone extended-release tablet(Paliperidone-ER) and Risperidone on negative symptoms of schizophrenia.METHODS: Sixty cases of schizophrenics with prominent negative symptoms were randomly divided into study group(n=30)and control group(n=30).Thirty cases of Paliperidone-ER treated patients were compared with thirty cases of Risperidone treated patients.The duration of study was 8 weeks.The therapeutic efficacy and safety were assessed with the PANSS and TESS, respectively.RESULTS: The significantly effective rate and effective rate of Paliperidone-ER were 63.3% and 80%, and of Risperidone were 60% and 76.7% respectively, and there were no significant differences between two groups(P>0.05).Paliperidone-ER group showed lower negative symptom score at the fourth week(15.40±1.04) and at the eighth week(12.80±0.76) than Risperidone group, although the scores decreased at the fourth week (20.60±1.13) and at the eighth week (18.10±0.71). There were significant differences between two groups(P<0.05).At the eighth week ,the full score of PANSS of study group was (42.90±0.84), the full score of PANSS of control group was(44.80±0.61). There were significant differences between two groups(P<0.05).The TESS of study group were EPS and drowsiness. The TESS of control group were EPS,wakefulness,increase of weight and faintness eyesight. There were no severe adverse effects in two groups.CONCLUSION: Paliperidone-ER is an effective and safe antipsychotic drug with more showing significant improvement compared with Risperidone in negative symptoms.
    Application of dexmedetomidine monitored anesthesia care in senile patients with hypertension undergoing cataract surgery
    ZHOU Qi-fu, JIANG Zong-ming
    2011, 16(7):  823-826. 
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    AIM: To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamics and sedation in senile patients with hypertension undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS: 40 senile patients with hypertension scheduled undergoing elective phacoemulsification surgery were enrolled and randomly assigned to observation group(dexmedetomidine, n=20) and control group(normal saline, n=20). Blood pressure, heart rate and pulse oxygen saturation in both groups were observed. Sedation score and dosage of vasoactive drugs were recorded.RESULTS: The levels of systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP) and heart rate(HR) in intraoperative were decreased of different degrees (P<0.05 or P<0.01), but there were no additional vasoactive agents were administered in observation group. Whereas patients in the control group, the levels of SBP, DBP and HR were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),furthermore 7 patients required vasoconstriction drugs.Two groups of patients in a state of oxygen, pulse oxygen saturation were close to 100%. In observation group, the level of sedation score was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Monitored anesthesia care under dexmedetomidine can provide optimal sedation, appropriate analgesia and stable hemodynamics in senile patients with hypertension undergoing cataract surgery.
    Clinical observation on superficial cervical plexus block anesthesia with acupuncture anesthesia applied in the operation of thyroid
    YANG Wen-rong, YANG Hong-guang, CAO Xi
    2011, 16(7):  827-829. 
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    AIM: To study the effect of superficial cervical plexus block anesthesia together with acupuncture anesthesia, which was used for operation on thyroid ablation.METHODS: All 90 patients who accepted operation on thyroid gland were divided into 3 groups stochastically: the patients in group A were superficial cervical block anesthesia group together with acupuncture; group B were superficial cervical block anesthesia combined with intravenous injection fentanyl fluoride mixture; group C were superficial cervical Plexus block anesthesia together with acupuncture anesthesia.RESULTS: The patient ache situation comparison among group A, B and C: VAS score in group A was higher than group B and C (P<0.01); the VAS score dofferance between group B and C was not statistically sognificant (P<0.05). The incidence of respiratory depression in group B was the highest (P<0.05), the blood pressure and heart rate, group A were higher than group B, C (P<0.05). The side effects such as the nerves paralysis case in three groups were not different (P>0.05). The nausea and vomiting cases were different (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Superficial cervical plexus block anesthesia together with acupuncture anesthesia to be applied in the operation thyroid are well reserved.
    Advancement of the drug monitoring methods of immunodepressants in human blood
    WANG Yan, BU Wen-ting, LI Peng-fei, MA Ping, GAO Wen-jing, SUN Jian-zi
    2011, 16(7):  830-836. 
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    Immunodepressants are mainly applied to treat autoimmune diseases clinically and organ transplantation.Therapeutic drug monitoring is needed to use immunodepressants and clinicians usually adjust the dosage according to the detection results.This review summarizes the detection methods of immunodepressants in human blood, such as tacrolimus, ciclosporin, mycophenolate , glucocorticosteroid, sirolimus and everolimus.
    Strategy of rational antidiabetic drugs application in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    HE Yin-hui, XU Hai-yan, SUN Xia, XU Ai-hua, YE Wei-hong
    2011, 16(7):  837-840. 
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    Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of major chronic diseases in China, and its control is not optimistic. Antidiabetic drugs application is an important tool for the control of blood glucose . Diabetes medications by action mechanism and structure is divided into insulin secretagogues, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-Ⅳ inhibitor, GLP-1, insulin and its analogs, etc.This paper overviews the clinical pharmacology mechanisms, characteristics and properties of commonly used antidiabetic drugs, and proposes the strategy of rational antidiabetic drugs application in type 2 diabetes mellitus, such as using insulin timely, simplicity principle, reasonable combination , individual principle and taking into account safety, cost .