Table of Content

Volume 15 Issue 4
26 April 2010

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Progress in sleep-wake regulation of dopamine D₂ receptor

XU Qi, QU Wei-min, HUANG Zhi-li

2010, 15(4):  361-366. 

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Dopamine (DA) modulates diverse wake-related behaviors including movement, reward, and cognition. Dopaminergic neurons are located in the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area. There are five distinct DA receptors (R): D₁R, D₂R (D_2SR and D_2LR), D₃R, D₄R and D₅R in the central nervous system, in which D₁R and D₂R are majorly expressed. The affinity of D₂R for endogenous DA is significantly higher than that of D₁R. Recently, studies by pharmacological and gene knock-out animals revealed that dopamine D₂R is essential inmaintaining wakefulness. Here, we review the progress on roles of D₂R in sleep-wake regulation.

Effects of Huangkui Capsule on the P450 activities in rats

LIU Zi-xiu, LIU Shi-jia, JU Wen-zheng, TAN Heng-shan

2010, 15(4):  367-371. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of Huangkui Capsule on rat activities of CYP1A2,CYP3A4 and CYP2E1. METHODS: 14 rats were randomly and equally divided into two groups: clinically-equivalent-dose group and higher-dose group. Two group rats underwent 2-cycle pharmacokinetic experiments before and after being treated with two doses of Huangkui Capsule for 14 days,in which the rats were concomitantly administered Theophylline (30 mg/kg), Chlorzoxazone (50 mg/kg) and Dapsone (20 mg/kg) by gastrogavage, followed by blood-withdrawing from orbital bleeding at different intervals within 24 hours. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was utilized to simultaneously quantitate 3 probe compounds in rat plasma, and DAS1.0 Software was used to fit plasma concentration-time curve and calculate their corresponding principal pharmacokinetic parameters,among which the statistical differences were evaluated by Paried t-test. RESULTS: In the 14-day administration period,the 2-cycle pharmacokinetic parameters of 3 probes for the clinically-equivalent-dose group rats exhibited insignificant differences(P>0.05), meanwhile ,after being treated with higher-dose Huangkui Capsule,there were no significant differences for theophylline pharmacokinetics in rats,but AUC_0-24h of chlorzoxazone after treatment was 1.75 times larger than that before treatment(P<0.05), in addition AUC_0-24h of dapsone after treatment were 0.63 times of it before treatment(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Clinically-equivalent-dose Huangkui Capsule did not affect the activities of rat CYP1A2,CYP3A4 and CYP2E1; higher-dose Huangkui could not insignificantly change CYP1A2 activity,but could weakly inhibit activities of CYP2E1 and induce CYP3A4.

Empirical study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A targeting on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro

LIU Yang, WU Jin-ming, JIN Si-si, SHEN Su-jian, WU Li-min, JIANG Hong-feng, JIN Yin

2010, 15(4):  372-375. 

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AIM: To construct a gene-modified hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specific PE38 expression vector regulated by cis-acting element of AFP, and explore its anti-HCC effect in vitro. METHODS: Eukaryotic expression plasmid pAFP-PE38 was constructed and then transfected into different cell lines.The expression level of PE38 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Cytotoxicity was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). RESULTS: PE38 mRNA was detected only in AFP-positive HepG2 cells after plasmid transfection. Significant morphological changes and growth inhibition (P＜0.01) were observed in HepG2 cells, the inhibition rate at 48 h and 72 h were 27.2% and 58.3%,respectively; whereas no such changes were found in AFP-negative PC-3 cells and HeLa cells. CONCLUSION: PE38 gene eukaryotic expression vector can selectively targets on HCC cells with high efficacy, which might be used as an effective tool for HCC gene therapy.

Evaluation of prevention effects of Extract of Ginkgo Biloba (EGB761) on aging cardiomyocytes cell induced by D-galactose

GUO Chang-qing, GUO Yan, CHEN Xiang-jian, WANG De-guo, LIU Jing

2010, 15(4):  376-380. 

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AIM: To investigate the preventive effects of Extract of Ginkgo Biloba (EGB761) on the cell aging of cardiomyocytes induced by D-galactose and its latent mechanism. METHODS: Cell aging of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was created by 5 g/L D-galactose. EGB761 was added to cultured cardiomyocytes at different concentration (5, 10 and 20 μg/mL, respectively) for 48 hours. Cell aging was determined by a senescent β-galactosidase staining. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were quantitative analyzed by ELISA. The morphology and beat of cardiac myocytes were observed under an invert microscope. RESULTS: D-galactose resulted in a significantly increased β-galactosidase positive cardiomyocytes compared with the controls (75.6%±4.9% vs 17.15%±2.9%, P<0.01), concomited with elevated AGEs[(703±32)vs (93±26) pg/mL, P<0.01], abnormal cellular morphology and beat rate. EGB761 treated groups showed significant decrease in both β-galactosidase positive cells(57.7%±7.9%, 49.7%±9.2%, 34.0%±6.6%, P<0.01) and AGEs levels [(404±33), (357±25), (249±77) pg/mL, respectively, all P value were less than 0.01], accompanied by relative normal morphology and beat rate. CONCLUSION: EGB761 has anti-aging actions on cardiomyocytes through inhibit non-enzymatic reactions.

Experimental study on therapeutic effects of dihydromyricetin on hepatic fibrosis in murine schistosomiasis

FANG Hui-long, WANG Jun-jie, CHEN Mei-zi, JIA Lei, LI Chun-wei

2010, 15(4):  381-384. 

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AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of dihydromyricetin on experimental schistosoma japonicum hepatic fibrosis in mice. METHODS: 60 mice infected with schistosma japonicum cercariae percutanoeusly were divided into 3 groups: model group, praziquantel group, praziquantel plus dihydromyricetin group and other 20 normal mice were used as control group. After treatment with medicine for 8 weeks, the liver was removed and weighed. The contents of ALT and AST in serum were assayed using the corresponding kits. Moreover, the degree of hepatic fibrosis was observed Via HE and was scored. The expression of collagen I protein and collagen Ⅲ protein were measured by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: The mice that infected with schistosoma japonicum , had a featuring increment in liver weights, serum ALT, AST contents, the expression of collagen I protein,collagen Ⅲ protein(P<0.05). Praziquante treatment significantly reduced serum ALT, AST contents, the expression of collagen I protein, collagen Ⅲ protein (P<0.05). In addition the hepatic histopathology was improved in praziquantel plus dihydromyricetin group (P<0.05). The liver weights, serum ALT, AST contents in praziquantel plus dihydromyricetin group [(57.5±7.6) mg/g, (110±12) IU/L, (134±11) IU/L] were significantly lower(P<0.05) than those in praziquantel group [(50.5±5.2) mg/g, (87±13) IU/L, (110±11) IU/L]. The expression of collagen I protein,collagen Ⅲ protein in praziquantel plus dihydromyricetin group(0.1468±0.0232, 0.1305±0.0237) were significantly lower(P<0.01) than those in praziquantel group (0.2058±0.0216, 0.1768±0.0224). CONCLUSION: Dihydromyricetin has significant therapeutic effect on schistosoma japonicum-induced liver fibrosis in mice.

Effects of astragalus polysaccharide on airway remodelling in the asthma modle of mouse

SONG Ze-qing, ZHU Yan-fen, YAO Wei-min, WANG Hui

2010, 15(4):  385-390. 

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AIM:To evaluate the effects of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on the airway remodeling in asthmatic mice. METHODS: Sixty SPF BALB/c mouse were randomly divided into four groups: control group, asthmatic model group, APS treatment group and dexamethasone (DXM) treatment group. The experimental groups were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA), cured with APS or DXM, then excited with 1%OVA. The method of two-step immunohistochemistry and techniques of computer-assisted image analysis were used to detect the changes of the airway remodelling and the expression of α-SMA. RESULTS: Compared with those in the control group, in asthmatic model group, the counts of inflammation cells were significantly increased (P<0.01); the expression of α-SMA was strongly positive; while the wall thickness(d/Pi) and wall area(WA/Pi) of the bronchi were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and so did the area of smooth muscle(Wam/Pi) and the count of smooth muscle cells(N/Pi)(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the asthmatic model group, in both APS inhalation group and DXM treatment group, the results of α-SMA showed positive expression, the numbers of inflammation cells were notably decreased (P<0.01), there also were great decreases of d/Pi,WA/Pi,Wam/Pi and N/Pi. CONCLUSION: With the treatment of APS, the course of the airway remodeling can be inhibited. The regulation on the expression level of α-SMA may be one of the mechanisms controlling the airway remodeling.

Effects of bromocriptine, rosiglitazone and metformin on insulin resistance downregulating proinflammatory cytokines and metabolism of lipids in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome

LIN Jia, LIU Guang-nan, PAN Jing-qiang, KUANG Shao-song, HUANG Xiao-qiong, RAO Zi-liang

2010, 15(4):  391-396. 

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AIM: To investigate effects of bromocriptine, rosiglitazone and metformin on insulin resistance (IR), proinflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines, blood glucose and lipid components in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: The PCOS rats were molded by testosterone undecanoate and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), afterwards the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: PCOS mold, bromocriptine, rosiglitazone and metformin; then all drugs were adiministered respectively by intragastric administration (i.g.) qd for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the contents of fasting blood-glucose (FBG), 2-hours blood glucose after oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT-2 h BG), insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α),testosterone (T), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), leptin(L), adiponectin(A), resistin(R) were determined, and the changes of insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was counted. RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, concentrations of FBG, OGTT-2 h BG, Ins, hs-CRP, TNF-α, leptin, resistin, IGF-I, TC, TG, LDL-C and T were increased obviously(P<0.01), but ISI, adiponectin and HDL-C were decreased significantly (P<0.01) in PCOS rats. Bromocriptine, rosiglitazone and metformin could improve the pathologic changes in PCOS rats (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Bromocriptine, rosiglitazone and metformin can improve IR, hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenemia reduce blood glucose, adjust components of blood lipid, downregulate proinflammatory cytokines and regulate adipocytokines in PCOS rats.

Effect of erythromycin on ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase /NF-κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in rats with asthma

ZHANG Jin-bo, WU Cheng-yun, LI Zhi-qiang, DAI Yuan-rong, ZENG Wei-xian

2010, 15(4):  397-402. 

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AIM: To study the changes of ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK-MAPK) /NF-κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs) in rats with bronchial asthma and the effects of erythromycin on it. METHODS: PBMCs were collected and cultured from rats with bronchial asthma, normal subjects and erythromycin-treated groups. The ERKmRNA, NF-κB mRNA and phosphor protein of ERK, NF-κB in PBMCs were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting respectively. RESULTS: The expression of ERK mRNA, NF-κB mRNA, phosphor-ERK, phosphor-NF-κB in PBMCs were higher in asthmatic group than those in normal group (P<0.05). With the treatment of erythromycin, the above indexes were decreased significantly compared with those in asthmatic group (all P<0.05). There were positive correlations between the expression of phosphor- ERK and phosphor-NF-κB in PBMCs (r=0.693, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: ERK and NF-κB may play a role in pathophysiological process of asthma. Erythromycin could effectively exert its anti-inflammatory effect by ERK / NF-κB signaling pathway.

Effect of Juglone on the angiogenesis mmicrovessel structure of rat aorta and chick chorioallantoic membrane

CHEN Li, ZHANG Jian, WANG Si-ying, HUANG De-wu, GU Wei-wang

2010, 15(4):  403-409. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of Juglone on the growth and migration of endothelial cell line EAHY.926, the microvessel structure of rat aorta and chick chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis to provide pre-experimental data for the research of the mechanism of Juglo-ne in preventing tumor angiogenesis factor. METHODS: The effect of a series of concentration of Ju glone on the growth of EAHY.926 were measured by MTT. Serum-free culture of the rat aorta was conducted, with 100 μmol/L,50 μmol/L,25 μmol/L and 12.5 μmol/L dosages of Juglone added, to observe its effect on the microvessel structure. 7-day-old chick embryo were elected for experimental angiogenesis model. RESULTS: We found that 200 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L and 50 μmol/L dosages of Juglone could effectively inhibit the proliferation of EAHY.926 in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05), with an IC₅₀ of 122.848 μmol/L according to the results of MTT. While 25 μmol/L,12.5 μmol/L and 6.25 μmol/L dosages of Juglone could promote growth of EAHY.926(P<0.05). 100 μmol/L,50 μmol/L and 25 μmol/L dosages of Juglone could completely inhibit the formation of new vessels,and 12.5 μmol/L dosages of Juglone could reduce the number of endothelial cells. 200 μmol/L,100 μmol/L,50 μmol/L and 25 μmol/L Juglone had vascular stimulation, hemolyzation, agglutination as a dose-dependent manner. 12.5 μmol/L Juglone could inhibit angiogenesis. CONCLUSION: Juglone can inhibit the formation of new vessels.

Effects of glutamine on experimental enterobrosis and severe infection treatment

FAN Xiao, HE Liu-dang, XU Yang

2010, 15(4):  410-415. 

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AIM: To explore the effects of glutamine on experimental enterobrosis and severe infection in SD rats and compared to antibiotics. METHODS: 50 healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group, model group, glutamine group(N(2)-L-Alanyl-L-glutamine), Cefamandole group, combined treatment group(N(2)-L-Alanyl-L-glutamine + Cefamandole sodium). Sham surgery were performed on sham operation group, experimental enterobrosis and severe infection rats model were established on other groups with CLP surgery. Control and model group received intraperitoneal injection of saline, other groups were treated with corresponding drugs. We examined the infection of abdominal cavity, blood cells, the serum concentration of lipopolysaccharide and phospholipase A₂. RESULTS: The index of model group were higher than control group(P<0.01), and the index of glutamine group, Cefamandole group, combined treatment group by N(2)-L-Alanyl-L-glutamine and Cefamandole sodium were lower than model group(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Supplementary of glutamine is effective in treating severe infection caused by experimental enterobrosis and the effects is comparative with antibiotics. The combined treatment shows synergistic effect in treatment of enterobrosis and severe infection.

In vivo evaluation of dimenhydrinate orally disintegrating tablets: Comparison of the pharmacokinetics with conventional tablets in rhesus

HE Jian-chang, LIU Di, FENG En-fu, ZHANG Qing, DONG Li-chun, XU Gui-li

2010, 15(4):  416-421. 

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AIM: To compare the pharmacokinetics characteristics of dimenhydrinate orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) and conventional tablets in rhesus plasma. METHODS: A randomized two-period, self-control crossover study with regard to the pharmacokinetic characteristics of dimenhydrinate ODTs and conventional tablets was executed in rhesus. The plasma concentrations of dimenhydrinate after oral administration of two formulations (both doses were 50 mg dimenhydrinate) were estimated by a simple, sensitive and specific HPLC-UV method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were computed by software DAS 2.0 and compared by statistic analysis. RESULTS: The relative bioavailability of dimenhydrinate ODTs (F_{0-12 h}, F_0-∞ were (154±42)% and (150±53)%, respectively, compared with conventional tablets. There was no significant difference in area under the plasma concentration (AUC_0-∞) (P>0.05) between the two formulations. Interestingly, there had statistically significant difference between the dimenhydrinate ODTs and conventional tablets in C_max, area under the plasma concentration (AUC_{0-12 h}) (P<0.05). Moreover, dimenhydrinate ODTs showed a markedly, but not significantly shorter t_max compared with conventional tablets (P>0.05). The method was sensitive with a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 10 ng/mL and good linearity in the range 10-2000 ng/mL for dimenhydrinate (r=0.99995). All the validation data, such as accuracy, precision, intra-day and inter-day repeatability, were within the required limits. CONCLUSION: Dimenhydrinate ODTs have a faster absorption compared with conventional tablets.

Study of autocamtide 2-related inhibitory peptide prevent cardiac fibroblasts excreting cytokines and expressing matrix metalloproteinases

ZHONG Yong-jun, CHEN Dong-qin, YAO Xiao-yan

2010, 15(4):  422-428. 

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AIM: To observe the role of calcium calmodulin dependent protein Kinase(CaMK) Ⅱinhibitor(autocamtide 2-related inhibitory peptide, AIP) in rat cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and their molecular mechanism. METHODS: Using cultured cardiac fibroblasts from neonatal 1-3 days rat (3 generation); This cells were divided into five groups as follows :control group, AngⅡ group(0.1 μmol/L), AngⅡ(0.1 μmol/L)+AIP group(0.2 μmol/L), AngⅡ(0.1 μmol/L))+AIP group(0.5 μmol/L), AngⅡ(0.1 μmol/L)+AIP group(1.0 μmol/L); The cardiac fibroblasts proliferation was detected by cell counting and MTT; The cytokines excreting(TGF-β₁, TNF-a) was investigated by ELISA. The expression of MMP-2,9 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: AIP (0.5 μmol/L,1.0 μmol/L) could prevent cardiac fibroblasts proliferation induced by angiotensin Ⅱin a dose-dependent manner; AIP (0.5 μmol/L,1.0 μmol/L) could prevent cytokines excreting induced by angiotensin Ⅱin a dose-dependent manner; AIP (0.5 μmol/L, 1.0 μmol/L) could prevent the increasing expression of MMP-2,9 mRNA and MMP-2,9 protein expression induced by 0.1 μmol/L AngⅡ. CONCLUSION: AIP(0.5 μmol/L, 1.0 μmol/L) could prevent myocardial fibrosis induced by angiotensin Ⅱ; The probably mechanism was that: AIP could prevent cardiac fibroblasts proliferation,its cytokines excreting and regulate extracellular matrix(MMP-2、9).

Sample size calculation in dose-response research

DAI Qi-gang, CHEN Feng, WEI Yong-yue, YU Hao

2010, 15(4):  432-437. 

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AIM: To introduce and evaluate two methods for sample size calculation in dose-response research. METHODS: The methods used for sample size calculation in dose-response research include Cochran-Armitage trend (CAT) test proposed by Jun-mo Nam and the Unified contrast (CUC) method proposed by Chang. This paper takes the example of binary data, uses the two methods to calculate the required sample size and evaluate the power by simulation under the assumption that the response rate had a linear relationship with dosage under the logit scale. RESULTS: When the probability of response followed a linear trend on the logit scale, the sample sizes estimated from the two methods are approximately equal in various parameter's settings.The simulated power of CAT test was close to the expected one, however, the simulated power of CUC method was obviously affected by the values of contrast coefficient, if a contrast whose coefficients parallel the expected response, the CUC method was more powerful. CONCLUSION: When the probability of response follows a linear trend over dosage on the logit scale, the two methods reach almost the same result, in such circumstance, the Chang's unified contrast method will obtain an increasing power.

Software design for data analysis of individual antihypertensive drugs therapy related genotyping microarray

HUANG Yuan-fei, PENG Jian, ZHAO Zhen-yu, YANG Hong, XIAO Peng, TANG Jing-bo, SHEN Jie, ZHANG Yang-de

2010, 15(4):  438-442. 

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AIM: Base on individual antihypertensive drugs therapy related genotyping microarray, with platform of Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0, developed hypertension microarray data analysis system v1.0. By reading GPR or LSR file produced by microarray scanners, the system automatic determine microarray validity, generate relative genetype result and store for later database manage. METHODS: The Microsoft Visual Basic V6.0 was used for programming tools. RESULTS: After analysised 1025 microarray, the results showed that system run smoothly and reliable, greatly increased the analysis efficiency. CONCLUSION: Software design succeed, achieved the desired objectives.

Clinical study on preventing babby infections in uterine from hepatitis B virus with telbivudine

ZENG Yan-mei, ZHANG Si-quan, LOU Guo-qiang, CHEN Jun, SHI Jun-ping, LIU Shou-rong, HUANG Jin-song

2010, 15(4):  443-445. 

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AIM: To observe the effects and security of telbivudine preventing intrauterine infection from hepatitis B virus. METHODS: 48 pregnant women with HBsAg, HBeAg positive and serum levels of HBV DNA were more than 10⁵ copies per milliliter in our hospital from January 2008 to May 2009 were divided into treatment group (22 cases), who began to take telbivudine, 600 mg per day at 28th week after pregnancy and stopped after childbirth, and control group(26 cases), who did not take telbivudine. The liver functions, serum markers of hepatitis B virus and HBV DNA of two groups were measured on 28th week of pregnancy before taking telbivudine, before childbirth and 1 month after childbirth. The neonatal were all given intramuscular 200 IU of HBIG and 10 μg of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. RESULTS: Two newborns of 22 cases in treatment group were with positive HBsAg when they were born, but the levels of blood HBV DNA were all less than 1000 copies per milliliter. While 10 newborns of 26 cases in control group were with positive HBsAg, and the levels of blood HBV DNA were more than 1000 copies per milliliter in 4 newborns. The difference of the intrauterine infection rate was significantly between the two groups(P<0.05). The pregnant women in two groups were all with positive HBsAg and HBeAg before childbirth,but the serum levels of HBV DNA in treatment group were lower before childbirth than before treatment(P<0.05). No adverse reactions were found on the pregnant women and newborns in the two groups. The levels of HBV DNA were restored to the levels of before treatment. CONCLUSION: Telbivudine can reduce intrauterine infection rate in pregnant women with hepatitis B virus effectively and safely.

Effect of alfacalcidol on osteoporosis induced by large dose glucocorticoid treatment in glomerulonephritis patients

YU Chang-qing, WANG Ke-ping, HANG Hong-dong, XIE Hua, LI Long-kai, WANG Jing

2010, 15(4):  446-448. 

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AIM:To observe the effect of alfacalcidol on osteoporosis induced by large dose glucocorticoid treatment in glomerulonephritis patients. METHODS: 28 patients with glomerulonephritis receiving glucocorticoids were divided into two groups randomly. 16 patients received calcium carbonate 750 mg three times plus alfacalcidol 1 μg one time orally a day (treatment group), and 12 patients received calcium carbonate 750 mg three times orally a day (control group). Bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine (L2-4) and the femoral neck were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), serum albumin (ALB), serum calcium and phosphorus were detected before and 3, 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: BMD in the treatment group at the sixth month were higher than control group (lumbar spine 0.967±0.105, 0.896±0.131, P<0.05; femoral neck 1.078±0.124, 0.925±0.107, P<0.05). BMD in the control group at the sixth month were lower than those before treatment. There were no statistical differences in iPTH, ALB, serum calcium and phosphorus in two groups before and 3, 6 months after therapy. CONCLUSION: Alfacalcidol can decrease loss of bone mass in the lumbar spine and the femoral neck in the glomerulonephritis patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy.

Patient-controlled analgesia with sulfentanyl and propofol sedation for burn dressing changes

WANG Ming-cang, CHEN Ling-yang, LIN Xian-ju, CAO Dong-hang, XIANG Hai-fei

2010, 15(4):  449-453. 

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AIM: To investigate the feasibility of patient-controlled analgesia with sulfentanyl and propofol sedation for burn dressing changes. METHODS: Sixty patients ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ who had thermal burns of 20-50 percent total body surface area and were scheduled for burn dressing changes were randomly divided into three groups with twenty patients in each group. Each patient received an initial loading dose of i.v. sulfentanyl 0.25 μg/kg 5 min before the procedure, received target controlled infusion with propofol initial effect-site concentrations from 0.15 μg/kg at 2 min before the procedure. Adjusting the propofol effect-site concentrations to maintain BIS decline by 15-20 percent of baseline. The patients were allocated to receive on-demand analgesia with one of the three PCA-sulfentanyl demand doses-1, 3, and 5ug. The demand dose was delivered i.v. at a constant rate by a PCA pump with a 5-min lockout interval. Propofol and sulfentanyl comsumption, demands made per 10min,delivered per 10min and demand/delivery ratio were reorded, Pain intensity was assessed by the VAS score, Doctor and patents' satisfactories were asked. Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, dizzy, respiratory depression and hypotension were recorded. RESULTS: Propofol comsumption in 5 μg group were significantly lower than those in 1 and 3 μg group(P<0.01, P<0.05), but higher in 1 μg group than those in 3 μg group(P<0.05). Total sulfentanyl comsumption dosage in 5 μg and 3μg group were significantly higher than those in the 1 μg group(P＜0.01). During the dressing change procedure, mean VAS scores, demands made per 10min, delivered per 10min and demand/delivery ratio in the sulfentanyl 1 μg groups were significantly higher than those in the 3 and 5 μg groups(P<0.01), and there are no difference between 3 μg group and 5 μg group(P>0.05). Patients and doctors' satisfactories were signicantly higher in 3 and 5 μg groups than those in 1 μg group(P＜0.01), while no difference between 3 μg group and 5 μg group(P>0.05). The incidence of dizzy were signicantly higher in 5 μg groups than those in 1 μg and 3 μg group(P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The optimal PCA-sulfentanyl demand dose in our study is 3 μg after an i.v. initial loading dose of 0.25 μg/kg and a lockout interval of 5 minutes, Combining with propofol for sedation is safety and feasible.

Clinical observation on effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine hydrochloride in patients with cervical cancer

HU Min, SHAO Ming-jun, HE Yun-qin, ZHOU Meng-xiong

2010, 15(4):  454-457. 

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AIM: To explore the clinical therapeutic effect and safety of cervical cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine hydrochloride. METHODS: 60 patients with cervical cancer were randomly divided into the intervention group(30 cases) and control group(30 cases). The intervention group were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine hydrochloride and cisplatin, the control group were treated with mitomycin and cisplatin. The status of clinical symptoms, size of tumor, side effect of chemotherapy and postoperative pathological analysis were observed and compared. RESULTS: Comparing the results of two groups of patients, the intervention group was significantly higher than control group (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: The effect of cervical cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine hydrochloride and cisplatin is more effective and safe, and hence is worthy of being recommended in clinical practice.

Adipocytokines and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

GAO Na, YAN Jin, YUAN Hao-yong, OUYANG Dong-sheng

2010, 15(4):  458-463. 

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the principal causes of cryptogenic cirrhosis, is the most common liver disease second to viral hepatitis. Adipocytokines contribute to fatty liver. We review the research progress of seven kinds of adipocytokines: adiponectin, lepin, resistin, visfatin, apelin, hepcidin and omentin, which may be associated with the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Effect on drug transport of OATP1A2

PENG Dan, XIA Chun-hua, XIONG Yu-qing

2010, 15(4):  464-469. 

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Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2(OATP1A2), expressed in liver, kidney, small intestine, blood-brain barrier and other organizations, is an important membrane transporter in humans. OATP1A2 mediates the trans-membrane transport of endogenous and exogenous materials, and plays a significant role in drug absorption, distribution and elimination. This review aimes to summarize the distribution, basic functions and gene polymorphism of OATP1A2, and its impact on drug transport.

Development of clinical researches on prevention aromatase inhibitor-associated bone loss by zoledronic acid

WANG Zeng, WENG Lin, CHENG Bin

2010, 15(4):  470-476. 

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Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are standard therpy for postmenopausal women with estrogen responsive breast cancers. By inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, causing decreases in endogenous estrogens, the treatment of AIs is responsible for lower bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fractures. Therefore, early recognition, prevention, and/or treatment of AI-induced bone loss is needed. Zoledronic acid is specific inhibitors of osteoclasts and extensively used in bone metastasis patients. Recently, there are several trials evaluating the use of intravenous zoledronic acid as prevention and treatment of AI-induced bone loss in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.In this article, we aim to review the use of zoledronic acid in this population including the response and safety.

Progress of the study on relations between renin angiotensin system and vascular remodeling of hypertension

YUAN Yong-jie, WANG An-cai

2010, 15(4):  477-480. 

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Hypertensive vascular remodeling has always been a hot program in clinic and basic research.Renin-angiotensin system is an importent regulatory mechanism of human physiological function,which plays a fundamental role in vascular remodel- ing.RAS consists of two axes,ACE-AngII-AT₁ receptor axis and ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas receptor axis.The former affects vasoconstriction and promotes vascular re-modeling through its key member,AngII;the latter offsets the effect of the mentioned AngII with the help of seven-peptide Ang-(1-7). A deep knowledge of the relation between RAS and vascular remodeling would provide more remedies for reducing cardiovascular risk.