Table of Content

Volume 9 Issue 7
26 July 2004

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Soy isoflavones and cardiovascular diseases

PANG Xiao-Yun

2004, 9(7):  721-724. 

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Cross-cultural comparisons of cardiovascular disease mortality between United States and Japan have shown striking difference.Lower incidence of ardiovascular disease in East Asia compared with the west countries may be related to the consumption of soybean products, which contain soy isoflavones, mainly genistein and daidzein.We reviewed the benefit effects of soy isoflavones on preventing the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular diseases.

The synthesis and metabolism of neurosteroids and the effects on the nervous system

WANG Dan, LU Ying-Qing, YU Rong

2004, 9(7):  725-729. 

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Neurosteroids exist in central and peripheral nervous system, independence of peripheral glands, including pregnenolone, progesterone, allopregnanolone,and dehydroepiandrosterone, etc.They can be synthesized in the nervous system from sterol or sterol precursors catalyzed by certain enzymes.They play roles by interacting with GABAA, NMDA orσreceptors, and have effects on memory, sleep, convulsion, cellular excitability, etc.

Relation between modulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and cyanide-induced neurotoxicity

WU Bo-La, ZHU Tong-Jun

2004, 9(7):  730-733. 

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Cyanide can activate the N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor by two approaches directly and indirectly.Firstly cyanide-induced depletion of energy is associated with the activation of NMDA receptors indirectly by increasing extracellular glutamate (Glu) and affecting cytosolic Ca^{2 +}homeostatic mechanisms.Secondly most likely as a conditioner of the NMDA receptor, cyanide enhances NMDA receptors responses by modulating redox sites of cysteine residue located in the subunit NR₁

Detection of gene mutations with PCR and anti-colon cancer monoclonal antibody in tissue and stool of patients with colorectal cancer

CAO Qi-Zhen, NIU Gang, GAO Li-Yong, GAO Zi-Fen, TAN Huan-Ran

2004, 9(7):  734-738. 

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AIM: To detect sequence and mutation of K-ras oncogene in tissue and stool DNA of patients with colorectal cancer in order to provide a method of noninvasive and simple colorectal cancer diagnosis.METHODS: DNA was separated and purified from colorectal cancer tissue or stool of patient with colorectal cancer, then the K-ras gene was amplified by PCR and PCR products were cloned, the K-ras gene was sequenced, and the mutation was identified.The expression of color colorectal cancer antigen was inspected by immunohistochemical technique.Stool sample of patient with colorectal cancer was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS: K-ras gene sequence of the stool was completely same as that of the tissue of the patient; K-ras mutation was detected in one case.There was relativity between the mutation of K-ras gene and the pathology type of colorectal cancer and the expression level of colorectal cancer antigen in stool sample.CONCLUSION: It is feasible that colorectal tumors can be detected by a noninvasive method based on the molecular pathogenesis of the disease.Detecting K-ras gene mutations of stool DNA can provide bases for the screening, early detection, and prognosis to patients with colorectal cancer.

Biodistribution characteristics of ^99mTc labeled anti-colon cancer monoclonal antibody in mice

XU Ling-Yan, ZHAO Jing-Cai, MAOYi-Qing, ZHANG Chun-Li, LIHui, ZHANG Ya-li, NIU Gang, RUAN Yuan, TAN Huan- Ran

2004, 9(7):  739-743. 

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AIM: To study the biodistribution of ^99mTc labeled Anti-colon cancer monoclonal antibody (^99mTc-ACCmAb) in normal and nude mice and the imaging of same antibody in nude mice, which were carried with human colon cancer.METHODS: Normal mice and Nude mice that are carried the L010-16 human colon cancer received, intravenously, ^99mTc labeled monoclonal antibodies, and then the radioactivity was detected in normal mice in different time points and the imaging was checked by using the SPECT in nude mice.RESULTS: The radioactivity of ^99mTc at 6 h 5 min decreased 76.6 % in comparison with the 30 min in normal mice blood, and the radioactivity was the 23.4 % of the 30 min in the blood.The radioactivity in 6 h 5 min was 27.2 % of the 30 min in normal mice liver and decreased 76.8 %.In the normal mice injected ^99mTc-ACCmAb, the radioactivity at 6 h 5 min decreased 68.4 % compared with the 30 min in normal mice blood, the radioactivity was the 31.6 %of the 30min in the blood, the radioactivity at 24 h are 6.1 %and it dropped 93.9 % compare with the 6 h 5 min.In nude mice, the radioactivity of ^99mTc-ACCmAb at 24 h is 2.1 % of the first half-life.It decreased 97.9 % compared with the 6 h 5 min.Although the ratio of blood and tumor was the highest, the imaging results were still better than other time points.CONCLUSION: ^99m Tc-ACCmAb may concentrate in nude mice, which are carried with human colon carcinoma.It may become the diagnostic reagent for radio-immunoguided and ensure to remove the tumor during operations.

Does selection of combination treatment of cisplatin and cyclophosphamide

GUO Wei, CUI Jing-Rong

2004, 9(7):  744-746. 

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AIM: To investigate the anticancer effects and toxicity of cisplatin and cyclophosphamide used alone and in combination in treatment of the mice models with sarcoma 180 (S₁₈₀).METHODS: The anticancer effects and toxicity were evaluated by the inhibition rate, the indexes of thymus and spleen.The growth of tumor was observed by mice models of transplant tumor.RESULTS: The inhibition rate of co-treatment of cisplatin(5.0mg·kg^-1) and cyclophosphamide (7.5 mg·kg^-1) increased 13.6 % -29.6 %, and 33.5 % -34.3 % in comparison with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide, respectively.The inhibition rate in the groups of co-treated was higher than that of in the group of cisplatin and cyclophosphoamide(7.5mg·kg^-1) (P<0.01-0.001).CONCLUSION: Co-treatment of cisplatin in lower dose with cyclophosphamide shows a synergetic anticancer effect in mice models.

Effects of new compounds on angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membranes targeting on α7 receptor of endothelial cells

LIU Jing-Xia, LONG Chao-Liang, BAO Cun-Gang, WANG Hai

2004, 9(7):  747-750. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of new compounds on angiogenesis of chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) targeting on α7 receptor in endothelial cells.METHODS: The blood vessels of CAM were calculated to determine the antiangiogenic effects of 16 new compounds targeting on α7 receptor in endothelium.RESULTS AND CONCULSION: Compared with saline control, compound 13 and 14 between the concentrations 1 and 100 μmol·L^-1 had no effects on angiogenesis.They neither stimulated nor inhibited the angiogenesis.But at the concentration of 1 000 μmol·L^-1, both of them could stimulate angiogenesis significantly.Under the same experimental conditions, compound 5 at the concentrations of 100 and 1 000 μmol·L^-1 could inhibit angiogenesis.But it had no effect on angiogenesis at the concentrations of 1 and 10 μmol·L^-1.

Pharmacokinetics of oxymatrine in Beagle dogs by LC-MS

WANG Su-Jun, WANG Guang-Ji, LI Xiao-Tian, MA Ren-Ling, SHENG Long-Sheng, SUN Jian-Guo

2004, 9(7):  751-754. 

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AIM: To establish LC-MS method in determination of oxymatrine in plasma of Beagle dogs and to investigate its absolute bioavailability.METHODS: According to a randomized two-period crossover design, the Beagle dogs were iv 6 mg·kg^-1 and ig 30 mg·kg^-1 of oxymatrine, respectively.Drug concentration in plasma was assayed by HPLC ESI MS. RESULTS: The linearity of oxymatrine ranged from 2 to 5 000 μg·L^-1(r=0.9990).The detection limits of oxymatrine was 0.6μg·L^-1 .The values of RSD of within day and between day were less than 4.2 %.The recovery of this method was more than 96.7 %.The disposition was conformed to a two-compartment model .The C_max, T_max, T_1/2β, AUC_0→∝ and absolute bioavailability of oxymatrine were 2.42±0.97μg·L^-1,1.0±0.3h,5.54±1.58h,6.12±1.08μg·L^-1·h^-1 and (19.4±9.0)%, respectively.CONCLUSION: This study provides a simple, reliable and special method for determining concentrations of oxymatrine in plasma of Beagle dog.Oxymatrine shows low absolute bioavailability in Beagle dogs.

Effects of seal oil on the correlation between hepatocyte cytochrome P450 2E1 expression and oxidation, antioxidation in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver

DENG Li-Juan, LI Zhan-Jun, LE Jia-Jing, YAN An-Zhuang, XUN Kang-Sen

2004, 9(7):  755-758. 

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AIM: To explore the effects of seal oil on the correlation between hepatocyte cytochrome P450 2E1 expression and oxidation, antioxidation in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver.METHODS: After 7 weeks the fatty liver models were induced by onetime subcutaneous injecting a low dose of carbon tetrachloride on the first day and chronically feeding with high fat diet in rats.The rats in the model group, simvastatin group and different doses seal oil group were taken by olive oil in the same volume of seal oil, 4 mg·kg^-1 simvastatin, and 0.5,1.6 and 4.8g·kg^-1 seal oil respectively once a day for 8 weeks.Changes on pathology of liver and expression of hepatocyte cytochrome P450 2E1 were observed.MDA, SOD and FFA in the liver and serum were measured by biochemical analysis.RESULTS: Compared with model group, the fatty degeneration of liver reduced and a smaller lipid droplet of liver in seal oil group.The hepatocyte cytochrome P450 2E1 expression was inhibited.Meanwhile contents of MDA and FFA were significantly decreased but SOD contents were significantly increased in serum and liver.The intensity and distribution of CYP 2E1 express between rats of model differed.These differences existed in simvastatin group and different doses seal oil group.CONCLUSION: Seal oil can inhibit the hepatocyte cytochrome P450 2E1 expression in rats with fatty liver and reduce lipid peroxidation.There is genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2E1 between rats.

Research on relationship between interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and airway hyperresponsiveness

CHEN Xue-Qin, ZAO Xia, YANG Jiong, CAO Zuo-Yan

2004, 9(7):  759-762. 

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AIM: To explore the relationship between interleukin-1receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) of asthma.METHODS: The airway responsiveness to inhaled histamine as PC20 was evaluated among the normal guinea pigs, and sensitized with ovalbumine (OA) and challenged 14 days later (athma group), and injected IL-lra 1 mg·kg^-1 intravenously 30 minutes before challenged (asthma plus IL-lra group).The numbers of different cells was counted and classified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).RESULTS: The PC20 of the asthma plus IL-1ra group was higher than that of asthma group (P<0.01), and the percentage of the neutrophils (NES) in BALF of the asthma plus IL-1ra group was lower than that of the asthma group (P<0.01).There was a significant correlation between -IgPC₂₀ and the percentage of the NES in BALF in all animals(r=0.68,P<0.001).CONCLSION: IL-1ra can attenuate airway hyperresponsiveness, possibly by decreasing the airway infiltration of neutrophils.

Protective effects of ethyl ferulate on injured vascular endothelial cells (EC) by H₂O₂

WANG Ru-Tao, ZHOU Si-Yuan, ZHANG Feng, LIU Lin-Na, LIU Zhen-Guo, MEI Qi-Bing

2004, 9(7):  763-765. 

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AIM: To observe protective effects of ethyl ferulate (EF) on injured vascular endothelial cells (VECs) by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂).METHODS: Experimental groups were set as control group, H₂O₂group, ethyl ferulate group and ferulic acid (AF) group.The proliferation of vascular endothelial cells was assessed by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.Malonaldehyde (MDA) and lactate dehyolrogenase (LDH) were determined to evaluate lipid peroxidation of VECs by the spectro photometric assay.RESULTS: Ethyl ferulate and ferulic acid at concentrations of 2, 4, 8, and 16 nmol·L^-1 could protect vascular endothelial cells from the injure by H₂O₂ and reduce LDH and MDA production.CONCLUSION: Ethyl ferulate exerts the protective effects on injured vascular endothelial cells by H2O2.The activity of EF is higher than that of AF.Its mechanism may be related to antioxidant effect of lipids peroxidation.

Nitric oxide-induced early preconditioning of cardiac myocytes and its signal transduction pathways

ZHANG Feng, ZHANG Tao, WANG Zhi-Peng, WANG Ru-Tao, LI Chen, MEI Qi-Bing

2004, 9(7):  766-769. 

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AIM: To study nitric oxide-induced early preconditioning of cardiac myocytes and its signal transduction pathways.METHODS: Cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes were pretreated with SNAP and L-Arg respectively for 1 h.The injury of cardiac myocytes was detected after subsequent 6 h hypoxia to determine whether NO could induce early preconditioning.Cells were incubated with cGMP inhibitor methylene blue, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor D-sphingosine, calcium antagonist lacidipine and adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium channel [ K (ATP) channel] blocker libenclamide respectively for half an hour.Cells were then treated with SNAP for 1 h.Cardiac myocytes injury was observed by detecting cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).RESULTS: Both SNAP and L-Arg could induce early preconditioning of cardiac myocytes, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME block the protective effect of L-Arg, Methylene blue could completely abolish SNAPinduced cardioprotection, and D-sphingosine, lacidipine and glibenclamide weaken SNAP-induced protection.CONCLUSION: NO can induce early preconditioning protection of cardiac myocytes via cGMP-dependent pathway.Activation of PKC and opening of calcium channels and K(ATP) channels may be important downstream events of cGMP.

Effects of puerarin on protein expression of protein kinase B in adipose tissue of rats fed by high-fat-diet

LI Jian-Hui, BI Hui-Min, GAN Pei-Zhen, WANG Bao-Hua

2004, 9(7):  770-773. 

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AIM: To study the effects of puerarin on protein expression of protein kinase B (PKB) in adipose tissue of rats fed by high-fat-diet.METHODS: 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group(n=10) given basic diet, and the model group (n=20) given fat-rich-diet.After 4 weeks, the model group was randomly divided into 2 subgroups :(1) insulin resistant group was continually given high fat-rich-diet ;(2) puerarin-treated group accepted high-fat diet and abdominal injection with puerarin injection (100 mg·kg^-1·d^-1).After 6 week- treatment, the protein expression of PKB stimulated by insulin in adipose tissue was determined with Western blotting at the end of the experiment.RESULTS: The model group showed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinism, hypertriglyceride, hypercholesterolemia and elevated HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMAIR), while the insulin resistance index (ISI) was obviously reduced compared to the control group, indicating that the insulin resistant model was induced in this way.Puerarin treatment decreased fasting blood glucose and insulin, which was accompanied by lower HOMA-IR and elevated ISI.Because of long term high fat diet, expression of PKB decreased 23.5 %in adipose tissue of the insulin resistant group(P<0.01) compare with the control group.There was an increase of 18.7 %(P<0.01) in PKB expression of the puerarin-treated group compared to the insulin resistant group.CONCLUSION: Puerarin treatment can significantly elevate expression of PKB and ameliorated the stated of insulin resistance.

Expression of c-fos in xiaoyao nose dribbling liquid on experimental migrainous rat models

HU Huai-Qiang, WANG Xin-Lu, ZHOU Yong-Hong, FU Xian-Jun, LIU Wei, WANG Dong-Xian, FU Qiang

2004, 9(7):  774-777. 

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AIM: To probe the mechanism of the xiaoyao nose dribbling liquid (XNDL) by investigating the expression of c-fos in experimental migrainous rat models.METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were divided into normal control, model group, saline nose dripped group, taijitongtian po group, XNDL po group and XNDL nose dripped group at random, and the experimental migrainous models were duplicated by subcutaneous injection of nitroglycerin 9.5 mg·kg^-1.The positive cell numbers, area and gray scale were observed by the immunohistochemical method.RESULTS: The positive cell numbers and area in brain stem and hypothalamus of XNDL nose dripped group were significantly less than that of XNDL and taijitongtian po groups.CONCLUSION: XNDL may significantly inhibit the expression of c-fos.Its mechanism may be related to stop certain link of c-fos productions.

Effects of reteplase on fibrinolytic and coagulation systems in rabbits

DONG Liu-Yi, FAN Li, CHEN Zhi-Wu, JIANG Qin, FANG Ming, CEN De-Yi, CHEN Fei-Hu, ZHI Qiang

2004, 9(7):  778-780. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of reteplase (Ret) on fibrinolytic and coagulation systems in rabbits.METHODS: The relative parameters of blood coagulation system and fibrinolytic systems were measured.RESULTS: Ret (3.75, 7.50, 15.0MIU·kg^-1) lessened the content of plasminogen (Plg) and promoted the plasma fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) significantly, shortened plasma euglobulin lysis time (ELT), prolonged plasma thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), and active partial thromboplastin time (APTT).CONCLUSION: Ret can promote fibrinolytic system function and inhibit blood coagulation system function.

Study on antiasthmatic activity of seratrodast derivative connected with NO donors

QIU Su-Gan, JI Hui, ZHANG Yi-Hua, ZHANG Zhi-Guo1

2004, 9(7):  781-784. 

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AIM: To estimate the antiasthmatic activity of new compounds :SDF-1, SDG-1 and SDG-3.F-1 is a furoxan derivative, G-1 and G-3 are hydroxylguanidine derivatives, SDF-1 is a novel seratrodast derivative connected with F-1, SDG-1 a seratrodast derivative connected with G-1, and SDG-3 a novel seratrodast derivative connected with G-3.METHODS: Firstly, the in vivo antiasthmatic activity was estimated in asthmatic guinea pigs induced by acetylcholine and histamine.Secondly, the in vitro NO releasement of these compounds was determined following the procedures of Griess.Finally, tracheal smooth muscle relexant potency of these compounds was evaluated on trachea of guinea pigs.RESULTS: The in vivo antiasthmatic activity of SDF-1 was more potent than seratrodast (P<0.01), and SDG-1 and SDG-3 were slightly more potent than seratrodast (P<0.05).The in vitro NO releasement of SDF-1 and SDG-1 was higher than F-1 and G-1, the original compounds of SDF-1 and SDG-1, while SDG-3 was lower than its original compounds G-3.In the evaluation on trachea contracted by carbcholine, SDF-1 and SDG-1 were more potent than seratrodast, F-1 and G-1 (P<0.01), but SDG-3 only slightly more potent than seratrodast (P<0.01).In the evaluation on trachea contracted by histamine, SDF-1, SDG-1 and SDG-3 were slightly more potent than seratrodast and their original compounds (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The antiasthmatic activity of new compounds are more potent than seratrodast and their original NO donors.

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on anti-ischemia reperfusion injury and PSelectin expression in rats kidney

ZHANG Wan-Fan, YANG Ji-Xiang, XIE Shou-Xia, YUAN Wen-Peng, PANG Chun-Ping, ZHANG Xin-Zhou

2004, 9(7):  785-787. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on rats with renal ischemia reperfusion injury and its protective mechanism was discussed.METHODS: A model of renal ischemia reperfusion injury was set up.34 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operated group (n=10), ischemia reperfusion group (n=12), and Ginkgo biloba extract injection group (n=12).The renal ischemic injury and neutrophil infiltrate in tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin were observed.The expression of P-Selectin in kidney was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: As compared with sham operated group, some ischemic changes increased significantly in the renal tubular epithelial cells, P-selectin expression (P<0.01)and neutrophils in glomerular increased in ischemia reperfusion group (P<0.001).As compared with ischemia reperfusion group, some mild ischemic changes alleviated significantly in the renal tubular epithelial cells and P-selectin expression (P<0.01)and neutrophils in glomerular decreased in Ginkgo biloba extract injection group (P<0.001).CONCLUSION: The administration of Ginkgo biloba extract can alleviate rat renal ischemia reperfusion injury, and decrease P-selectin expression and neutrophils infiltration in glomerular.

Function alteration of aortas at different stages of type Ⅱ diabetes rats

XU Ji-Liang, HE Min, ZHENG Min, WU Feng

2004, 9(7):  788-791. 

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AIM: To investigate the alteration of the vascular response to contracting material and the endothelium dependent vascular relaxation (EDVR)at different stages of type Ⅱ diabetes rats.METHODS: Type Ⅱ diabetes rat model was established by high-energy diet and lower dose of STZ.At 12th and 20th weekends after injecting STZ, the vascular reactivities to phenylephrine (PHE)and KCl and the EDVR induced by Ach were measured respectively in the isolated aorta rings.RESULTS: At 12th weekend after injecting STZ, the response to PHE increased, the reactivity to KCl kept unchanged, and the EDVR was damaged lightly.But at the 20 th weekend after injecting STZ, the response to PHE increased further and the reactivity to KCl markedly reinforced, and the EDVR was obviously damaged.CONCLUSION: The response of great vessels to contracting material increased, but the EDVR attenuated at different stages of type Ⅱ diabetes rats.These changes are further reinforced along with the developing of disease duration.

Determination of clarithromycin in human plasma by HPLC method and study of clarithromycin bioequivalence

ZHANG Hong, LI Hua, LI Yan-Yan, XIONG Yu-Qing

2004, 9(7):  792-794. 

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AIM: To establish a HPLC method to determine the concentration of clarithromycin in human plasma, and to study clarithromycin bioequivalence by this method.METHODS: A HPLC assay was developed.Chromatographic assay was performed on a column of diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm×150 mm).The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and water (32∶68), the flow rate 1.0 ml·min^-1, and the detection wavelength 210 nm.RESULTS: The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.05 -3.2 mg·L^-1.The minimum detection concentration was 0.05 mg·L^-1.The values of AUC, C_max, T_maxand t_12β of two preparations did not show significant difference (P>0.05).The relative bioavailability was (101.10 ±19.40) %.CONCLUSION: The proposed method can be applied to the assay of clarithromycin in reverse phase conditions easily and rapidly, and the two preparations of clarithromycin hydrochloride are bioequivalent.

Protective effects of propofol, isoflurane and their combination on myocardium for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft

HUANG Zhi-Yong, CHENG Yi-Jian, XIA Zheng-Yuan, WANG Xiao-Lei

2004, 9(7):  795-798. 

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AIM: To observe the cardioprotective effects of propofol, isoflurane and their combination by comparing changes of plasma concentrations of cTnI, CKMB, SOD and MDA during open heart surgery.METHODS: Sixty patients, scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass graft, were randomly divided into control, propofol, isoflurane and their combined use groups, respectively.In Group propofol, isoflurane or combined use groups, propofol, isoflurane or propofol combined with isoflurane were given respectively.The venous blood samples were taken to measure plasma concentrations of cTnI, CK-MB, SOD andMDA before CPB beginning (T₀), and 30 min after release of aortic cross-clamp (T₁), 4 h(T₂), 24 h(T₃), and 48 h (T₄) after CPB stop.RESULTS: The plasma concentrations of cTnI, CK-MB and MDA in all patients after T1 increased in different extent, the plasma concentrations of cTnI and MDA in group propofol, isoflurane and combined use groups at T₂ and T₃ were much lower than those of group control, the plasma concentration of cTnI in group M at T₃ was much lower than that in group propofol (P<0.05), and the rate of heart automatic beating after release of aortic cross-clamp in combined use groups was much higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Anesthetic uses of propofol and isoflurane, specially combined use,can reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by oxygen free radical in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft.

Study on GM-CSF expression in mouse brain tissue induced by agaricus blazei polysaccharide

SUN Yan-Hui, HOU Xiang-Lin, LI Xing-Yu

2004, 9(7):  799-802. 

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AIM: To identify the molecular mechanisms of GM-CSF expression in mouse brain tissue after stimulation with different concentration of Agaricus Blazei polysaccharide(ABPS).METHODS: The tissue culture technique, GM-CFU clone forming test, and RT-PCR were used to detect GM-CSF expression in mouse brain tissue which treated by ABPS.RESULTS: GM-CSF expression induced by ABPS obviously increased in mouse brain tissue.The appropriate concentration was 4 g·L^-1.The maximum value showed 960 base pairs analyzed byLightFrame Software.CONCLUSION: ABPS can promotethe expression of GM-CSF and facilitate CFU-GMexpression in mouse brain tissue.

Effects ant mechanism of silibinin on antagonizing alcoholic fatty liver in rats

TAN Hai-Rong, WU Qian, PAN Jing-Qiang, XIAO Liu-Ying, HAN Chao, LIN Jie-Ru, ZHENG Lin-Ying, LI Bo-Ping

2004, 9(7):  803-806. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects and mechanism of silibinin(Sil)on rats with alcoholic fatty liver.METHODS: The animal models with alcoholic fatty liver were prepared in rats by feeding on high caloric food and drinking 10 % alcohol qd for 10 weeks ;after 6-week treatment, the effects of Sil (intragastrointestinally treated 100 mg·kg^-1, qd for 4 weeks)were observed by serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and serum contents of total cholesterols (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αand transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and the contents of TG, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD)in the hepatic tissue.Hepatic histopathology was observed by microscope.RESULTS: Serum levels of ALT, AST and AKP decreased in administration of Sil (P<0.05 or 0.01), the levels of TG, LDL-C, TNF-αand TGF-β1 reduced (P<0.05 or 0.01), the concentrations of TG and MDA in the hepatic tissue lowered (P<0.01), and the activity of SOD potentiated (P<0.01).Hydropic and or fatty degeneration of hepatocytes were improved (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Silibinin can preclude alcoholic fatty liver in rats from drinking alcohol and feeding high caloric food, and pharmacological mechanisms were involved in anti-oxidation and removing free radical, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, adapting blood lipid component, reducing fatty sediment in liver, anti-inflammation and anti-hyperplasia.

Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge on left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats and expression of c-fos

CHENG Jun-Yan, LU Zhong-Qiu, LI Zhang-Ping, CHEN Shou-Quan, ZHEN Zhi, WANG Qun-Ji

2004, 9(7):  807-810. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (SMB) on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the expression of c-fos.METHODS: 18 SHRs in 8 weeks old were divided into three groups at random.SMB or distilled water(1 g·kg^-1 ·d^-1) was injected intraperitoneally to two groups for 10 weeks.Systolic blood pressure(SBP) and left ventricular mass index(LVMI) were measured.HE, VG and immunohistochemical staining combined with computed morphometry were used to evaluated the cardiomyocyte size and diameter, the collagen volume fraction(CVF), perivascular circumferential area (PVCA) and c-fos expression in the left ventricular tissue.RESULTS: Compared with 8-week-old rats, the SBP, LVMI, cardiomyocyte size and diameter, CVF, PCVA, c-fos expression increased markedly in the 18th week of SHRs.The LVH stopped and c-fos expression decreased whereas SBP changed slightly in animals treated with SMB.CONCLUSION: Chronic treatment with SMB can inhibit the development of LVH in SHR, which is probably related to the decease of cardiac c-fos.

Nourishing and concreting effects of co-amino acids extracted from silkworm chrysalis on surgical hurt rats

PU Jin-Bao, ZHU Yong-Qiang, ZHENG Jun-Xian, LIANG Wei-Qing, WEI Ke-Min

2004, 9(7):  811-814. 

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AIM: To study the effects of co-amino acids extracted from silkworm chrysalis on nourish and concrescence of wound in surgical hurt rats.METHODS: The mode of rats was made by surgical operating.The rats'condition, variety of bodyweight, tensile force of skin, concentration of HYP in the wounded skin, TP and ALB, and nitrogen contents of liver were observed after feeding co-amino acids extracted from silkworm chrysalis for 14 days.RESULTS: The co-amino acids extracted from silkworm chrysalis could heal up the wound quickly and rectify the nitrogen balance.CONCLUSION: The co-amino acids extracted from silkworm chrysalis had the effect of accelerating the wound's concrescence.So we should make the best use of silkworm chrysalis.

Effects of naloxone on expression of Ref-1 and neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats

CHEN Sheng-Hui, MENG Qing-Wei, WU Jia-Mi, CHU Zhao-Hu, ZHANG Fan, XU Gou-Xiang

2004, 9(7):  815-819. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of naloxone on expression of Ref-1 and neuronal apoptosis in rat brain tissue around the caudate nucleus (damaged areas) after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).METHODS: ICH was induced in rats using stereotactic infusion autologous blood 50 μl into the caudate nucleus.The male animals were randomly divided into normal control group, sham operation group, hemorrhage group and naloxone treatment group.The hemorrhage group and naloxone treatment group were divided into three different time point groups.TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis,and immunohistochemitry method to detect expression of Ref-1 in cerebral tissues at different times.RESULTS: The quantity of the expression of Ref-1 within 72 h after ICH was significantly ascended (P<0.05) and the quantity of TUNEL-positive cells within 72 h after ICH was significantly reduced (P<0.01) by treatment with naloxone.CONCLUSION: Naloxone can increase the expression of Ref-1 and the ability of modifying DNA damaged by oxidize, and decrease apoptosis after ICH.

Clinical efficacy of short-effect GnRH-a for triggering ovulation on preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

CHEN Xiao-Yan, LI Ping, GUO Jiang-Hua, FENG Li-Ying, LI Jin-Hong

2004, 9(7):  820-823. 

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AIM: To investigate the role of triggering ovulation and prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) instead of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in ovarian hyperresponders to human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) treatment.METHODS: Research group involved 65 patients with high risk of developing OHSS, and they were given single dose subcutaneous injection of 0.2 mg triptorelin to trigger ovulation and prevent OHSS.Luteal support was initiated after ovulation with daily injections of 40 mg progesterone.There were 48 patients in control group, and 8 of them appeared ovarian hyperresponse to HMG and discontinued the treatment.40 patients were given HCG 5000 -10000 IU when follicles reached maturation.RESULTS: On the day of triptorelin injection the mean serum oestradiol concentration was 3.8 ±0.9 ng·L^-1 (range 2.9 -5.8 ng·L^-1)and the mean number of follicles ≥11 mm was 25.4 ±8.3 (range 18 -35).After triptorelin was administered,ovulation was effectively triggered in all of 65 patients, and the mean number of ovulation was 5.6 ±3.3 (range 1 -10).None of the patients developed signs or symptoms of severe OHSS.There were 18 (27.7 %) clinical pregnancies and 3 abortions.Ovulation rate and pregnancy rate showed no difference in comparison with control group, and none of research group discontinued the treatment.CONCLUSION: When the GnRH-a is not used before ovarian stimulation to pituitary down-regulation, adequate single dose of short-effect GnRH-a is able to effectively trigger an endogenous LH FSH surge, resulting in final oocyte maturation and ovulation, and furthermore it may effectively prevent OHSS.This strategy is special benefit to high responders with an increased risk of developing OHSS.

Effects of carvedilol at different doses on cardiac myocyte apoptosis and apoptosis-associated gene in rats with pressure overload

YE Da-Ping, SHAN Shou-Jie, CHEN Shao-Liang, ZHOU Kai, YE Fei, ZHAN Jun-Jie

2004, 9(7):  824-827. 

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AIM: To study the effects and mechanism of carvedilol (CAR) at different doses on cardiac myocyte apoptosis in rats with myocardial hypertrophy of CHF.METHODS: Using the animal model of CHF, induced by abdominal aortic constriction in male Wistar rats, hemodynamics parameters, cardiac myocyte apoptosis, and the expression of Bcl-2 and P53 were investigated in the untreated experimental group (CHF group) at 1 week after operation and treated experimental groups in which rats were treated with CAR at a lower dose (LCAR group, 0.1mg·kg^-1 ·d^-1) and at a higher dose (HCAR group, 10mg·kg^-1 ·d^-1) for 7 weeks since 1 week after operation.The sham-operated rats were as controls (SH group, n=8).RESULTS: Either doses improved heart function and decreased apoptosis index in rats with CHF.The number of myocytes apoptosis and the level of Bcl-2 were significantly higher and P53 was markedly lower in HCAR group than those in LCAR and MCAR groups.CONCLUSION: CAR can effectively decrease myocardiocyte apoptosis, prevent and cure CHF.The effects are dosedependent, associated with changes of the expression of apoptosis-associated gene.

Clinical evaluation of efficacy of ulinastatin in treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis

ZENG Lian-Shan, CHEN Nian-Ping, LIN Mu-Sheng, MO Ai, ZHOU Yu, HUANG Cun-Lin

2004, 9(7):  828-830. 

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AIM: To observe the clinical effects of ulinasta-tin (UTI) in treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP).METHODS: 102 patients with acute pancreatitis were randomly divided into two groups.There were 51 cases (38 cases of light type, 13 cases of severe type I) in control group, which were given conventional treatment.There were 51 cases (38 cases of light type, 13 cases of severe type I) in treatment group, which were given conventional treatment and UTI.Clinical results were assessed as cured, significant effective, effective and non-effective.RESULTS: The effective rate was 92.1 %in light type, 84.6 % in severe type I in treatment group, while the effective rate was 71.1 % in light type, and 38.5 %in severe type I in control group (P<0.05).The therapeutic effects in treatment group were better than those of in control group (P<0.05) for releasing abdominal distention, amylase, white blood cells and TB.CONCLUSION: UTI is an effective agents in treating AP (light type and severe type I) with fewer side effects.

A method for improving acute cumulative death rates in animals by intravenous administration

LU Cheng-Yu, WANG Hai-Yan, WU Tie

2004, 9(7):  831-834. 

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AIM: To improve on the acute cumulative death rates method in animal by intravenous (iv) administration.METHODS: A mathematic model was established to simulate the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic process by the program written by Visual Basic.net.This program evaluated the acute cumulative death rates (ACD method) for use of pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).RESULTS: The ACD method related on its first dosage, and an unsuitable dosage could lead to a wrong results.It also had been proved that, by adjusting the 2nd dosage it was a more suitable to wider range of dosage.CONCLUSION: By suitable 2nd dosage and enough animal number, ACD method can be used in the pharmacokinetics of TCM.

Monitoring in multicenter clinical trial

WANG Wen, MA Li-Yuan, ZOU Xiao-Man

2004, 9(7):  835-837. 

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In order to ensure the multicenter clinical trial quality by carrying out good clinical practice, the monitoring procedures and methods were introduced for the multicenter trial of ADVANCE.We suggest that the monitor should adequate medical and pharmaceutical qualifications and have the clinical trial experience.The monitor should visit each site to review the CRF, study files and data according to the procedures.Good monitoring is assistance to improve the quality of multicenter clinical trial.

Designing of SAS macro program for statistic form of measurement data on normal distribution

ZOU Jian-Dong, XIONG Ning-Ning, BO Qing-Yan, JIANG Meng, LIU Fang

2004, 9(7):  838-840. 

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In order to normalize clinical data management, simplify procedures and reduce sources of errors in the process of statistical analysis, we design some SAS macro programs to output directly the statistic form for measurement data of normal distribution.